plastic hinges
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2022 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie Lin ◽  
Qing Chun ◽  
Chengwen Zhang ◽  
Yidan Han ◽  
Hui Fu

AbstractThe hall-style timber frame built in the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368 AD) is one of the most important structural prototypes of the traditional timber architecture in East Asia. The current research, through a typical case of the main hall of Baoguo Temple in Ningbo, China, aims to present an accurate and effective seismic performance evaluation method applicable to hall-style timber structures without time–cost expenditure. To obtain more realistic seismic response of hall-style timber frame, a simplified numerical model of the main hall of Baoguo Temple is established based on in situ measurements and low-cycle reversed loading tests results of mortise–tenon joints, moreover, nonlinear static pushover analysis has been performed to quantify the seismic performance levels under five loading conditions. The generalized force–deformation relationship of the timber plastic hinges is modified regarding to the moment–rotation curves of four special mortise–tenon joints. The seismic behaviour of global hall-style timber frame is evaluated through capacity spectrum method and verified by time history analysis, local failure mechanisms are evaluated by the occurrence sequence of plastic hinges. Finally, a performance-based assessment method adequate for the traditional hall-style timber architectures has been proposed with comparison to the current codes. The results have shown that the structural stiffness of the width-direction is less than that of the depth direction due to the asymmetrical configuration of the timber frame, and the building can maintain a stable state under large lateral displacement before collapsing. The inter-storey drift angles of the building under peak ground accelerations of 0.1 g, 0.2 g, and 0.3 g are less than the suggested ultimate values in the current local codes, however, the main hall represents to be more vulnerable to damage when suffer seismic action along the width-direction. This research can provide a reference for seismic performance evaluation and preventive conservation of ancient hall-style timber architectural heritage.


2022 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 113468
Author(s):  
Xinyu Shen ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yung-Tsang Chen ◽  
Walid Tizani ◽  
Yi Jiang

Author(s):  
Aurelio Soma' ◽  
Francesca Pistorio ◽  
Muhammad Mubasher Saleem

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of stress and strains concentration, due to the notch presence, on the elasto-plastic behavior of gold microstructures subjected to tensile loading under electrostatic actuation. A kinematic model for the test microstructure which relates the experimentally measured deflection to the induced stress in the central specimen with applied electrostatic load is developed. The local maximum stress and strains at the notch root are analytically estimated using the Neuber’s rule and verified through a detailed non-linear coupled-field electric-structural finite element method (FEM)-based analysis. Several experimental tests are carried out to analyze the accumulation of plastic strain and the consequent development of plastic hinges induced in the central notched specimen due to repeated cyclic tensile loading by measuring the corresponding deflection with each loading cycle. The comparison between the failure condition observed experimentally in the test notched specimens and the FEM-based simulation results shows that the notch acts as stress and strains raiser fostering the initiation and expansion of plastic hinges in the thin film gold specimen which can lead to the specimen breakdown.


2021 ◽  
Vol 907 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
H Herryanto ◽  
L S Tanaya ◽  
P Pudjisuryadi

Abstract The Capacity Design Method is an approach widely used to design earthquake resistant structures. It allows the structures to dissipate earthquake energy by forming plastic hinges through beam side sway mechanism. In the design process, the columns need to be designed stronger than the beams connected to them. Several previous studies have been conducted to propose alternative method allowing partial side sway mechanism namely the Partial Capacity Design (PCD) Method. In this method, selected columns are designed to remain elastic and the plastic hinges are allowed to occur only at the columns base. These columns are designed to resist increased forces. Despite of some successful attempts, PCD method still needs to be developed because sometimes the intended mechanism was not observed. This study proposes a new approach to improve the Partial Capacity Design (PCD) method. Symmetrical 6 and 10 story buildings with 7 bays are analyzed using seismic load for city of Surabaya. Structure behavior under non-linear static analysis is well predicted by this approach. However, under non-linear dynamic analysis, a few unexpected plastic hinges of elastic columns were observed at upper stories. But it should be noted that the earthquake used for performance analysis (maximum considered earthquake) is 50% larger than the one used for design (earthquake level corresponding to elastic design response spectrum).


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5739
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Kedao Chen ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Wenjin Zhang

The feasibility that the transverse reinforcements in steel-reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) columns could be reduced or even totally eliminated has been experimentally demonstrated. However, due to the effect of the tie volume ratio in ECC plastic hinges on the seismic performance of RC composite bridge columns not being fully clarified as of yet, a numerical study was carried out. In this study, the analytical models based on the fiber element method, by considering the superposition of different lateral confinements resulting from ties and the ECC cover, were used to correlate with a target hybrid-loading experiment. Load-displacement hysteresis, strains in extreme fibers and longitudinal bars in analytical results correlated well with the experiments, verifying the accuracy of the analytical models proposed in this study. Based on the analytical results, it was found that the volume tie ratio had little effect on the stress-strain hysteresis of the ECC cover, but a lower volume tie ratio resulted in more significant nonlinear behavior longitudinally. Finally, the pushover analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of volume tie ratios on the seismic design parameters, and the results showed that a higher volume tie ratio resulted in a limited increase in the maximum allowable displacement for design.


ce/papers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 2325-2334
Author(s):  
Michael J Roberts ◽  
J Michael Davies

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
I Ketut Sudarsana ◽  
I Gede Adi Susila ◽  
Ni Wayan Sastraningsih

This research evaluated the effect of connection’s rigidity zone factors of RCS frame’s connections on the seismic behavior of regular RCS frames of a five-story office building located at seismic design category (SDC) of D. The variations on rigidity zone factors were 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively for Model MS, MSR025, MSR05 MSR075, and MR with the same elements’ dimension. A 3-D finite element modeling was conducted to do a linear elastic analysis for structural design and nonlinear static pushover analysis for evaluating the structural seismic performance. The results show that all models have met the strength and serviceability design limits. The seismic performances in terms of base shear, elastic stiffness, and ductility of all RCS models increased with an increase in the values of the rigidity zone factor. The structural performance level according to FEMA 440 was life safety (LS) for the Model MSR05, MSR075, and MR, while for the Model MS and MSR025 was collapse prevention (CP). The seismic energy dissipation for all RCS frames was an intermediate category indicated by the numbers of developed plastic hinges less than 20% of the total potential plastic hinges


Author(s):  
Omar Ahmad

In general, the buildings are designed based on the applied loads on them, and these buildings generally have elastic structural behaviour. However, these structures may be subjected to unexpectedly strong seismic forces that exceed their elastic limits. In order to find the rigidity and load-bearing trend of the building without the formation of plastic hinges and failure, pushover analysis should be performed. Pushover analysis is a non-linear static analysis in which the structure is subjected to lateral loads, so some parameters are recorded, such as failure, formation of plastic hinges, and yield. The elastic stiffness factor is the ability of a building to bear the loads on it before the failure and existent of the plastic hinges. In this study, pushover analysis had been done on 12 two-dimensional reinforced concrete frames with a different number of stories, different span lengths and with or without shear walls to find the effect of the span length, shear wall and the number of stories on the elastic stiffness factor. After performing the pushover analysis, the elastic stiffness factor had been evaluated from the pushover curve by dividing the base shear over the lateral displacement at the first point of the occurrence of the plastic hinge. The results obtained from the study showed that the elastic stiffness factor increases with the increase of the span length, while it decreases with the increase of the number of stories. As well, the frames with shear walls are stiffer than the frames without shear walls.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cem Yilmaz ◽  
Ömer Mercimek ◽  
Rahim Ghoroubi ◽  
Özgür Anil ◽  
Tekin Gültop
Keyword(s):  
Rc Beam ◽  

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