Negotiation skills “Between experience and capabilities”

The study aimed to investigate the negotiation skills which can contribute to bridging the gap between different points of view and reflecting the spirit of understanding. Collected from scientific sources and references, the data were systemically interpreted. The study consisted of three sections: the concept of negotiation, negotiation skills, types of negotiators and the most important factors that can affect the negotiation process. The study reached the following findings: 1. Negotiation is an inherent process in human life as long as man lives with others and enters into different, changing and continuous life relationships. 2. Negotiators are expected to have the skills, experience and capabilities that enable them to set up a strategy for planning and negotiation with integration in performance. The study came up with the following recommendations: 1. People working in the field of negotiations should be provided with the required training and qualifications. 2. Identifying the objectives of negotiations is required to set up a successful strategy for the negotiation process.

Disrupting Othering by Fostering Light-Bulb Moments in Immersive Practical Experiences

Fully immersive experiences (i.e., practica, internships, clinicals) with older adults are one successful strategy to reduce ageist beliefs among students, as long as the experiences are high quality and students are given an opportunity to reflect on their observations, feelings, and application of classroom knowledge. Representing a more intensive level of engagement than single-session interviews or multisession intergenerational activities, such experiences are not without challenges. Instructors are not present on-site continually (or at all) to observe what the student is seeing or doing, therefore providing limited opportunity to recognize and reframe situations that may reinforce the “othering” of older adults. Through creating carefully curated reflection prompts and assessment strategies (such as eportfolios), this presenter will discuss how instructors can ensure students completing practica, internships, and clinicals recognize the breadth and diversity of aging experiences, engage ethically and appropriately with older adults in non-ageist ways, and avoid reinforcing “othering” and ageism.

Swine at the chancery and locks to chests: dispersal, destruction, and accumulation of Sicily’s financial archives in the later Middle Ages

In the last twenty years, anthropologists, archivists, and historians have dedicated increased attention to the study of archives as objects of research themselves. In so doing, scholars have predominantly examined the emergence and transformations of archives during the early modern age, focusing mostly on political and diplomatic depositories. They have tended to neglect financial archives, which is unfortunate, as—alongside judicial archives—they were probably the largest documentary repositories of the pre-modern world and those that first faced the problem of managing huge masses of documentation. This article discusses the formation and development of the Kingdom of Sicily’s financial archives in the later Middle Ages, arguing that this repository evolved into a collecting archive by the early fifteenth-century, when it preserved not only the records and accounts produced by the central financial administration, but also those from a number of territorial officers and magistracies. This archival turn, I suggest, originated from the fact that the Crown of Aragon’s rulers constantly needed increased incomes to fund bureaucracies and warfare and exercise patronage, and thus needed financial information organized, at hand, and under their control. After briefly discussing the emergence of the financial archive in the thirteenth-century, this essay traces the Crown’s attempts to create a stable repository for storing financial records and accounts and its continuous struggles to prevent documentation from being scattered and dispersed. Finally, it examines the successful strategy that King Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–58), called the Magnanimous, pursued to organize financial documentation and concentrate records and accounts produced by financial administration into a stable building. The essay pays particular attention to the material aspects of preserving records, e.g., the restoration of buildings, construction of chests, and preparation of secure locks that were integral to the emergence of collecting archives for financial documents in the later Middle Ages.

Increasing student engagement using an Amazing Race–style competition

Background: Game-based learning is a successful strategy for teaching various concepts to students, from general orientations to more in-depth material. Pharmacy students in a first-year lab course were introduced to library and drug information resources through a lecture-style class in their first week of school, which was ineffective in terms of engagement. To combat this issue, the pharmacy liaison librarian advocated for moving this class session later in the semester and proposed a game-based activity to replace the lecture.Case Presentation: “The Amazing Race: Drug Information Edition” was inspired by a well-known TV competition that involves completing several stages (called “legs”) of challenges to finish the race. The librarian developed questions designed to make students use various parts of the library website as well as two drug information databases. Students competed in teams, and the first three teams to complete the race were awarded small prizes. The race was first implemented in 2018, and modifications were made to the 2019 iteration based on student feedback.Conclusions: Despite several challenges, the race was well received by both the students and the course instructors and increased engagement with introductory library and drug information material. The activity has enhanced the librarian’s relationship and collaboration with the course faculty and made a positive impression on the students.

William Crawford Gorgas and the Panama Canal

This chapter relates how yellow fever continued to cause casualties during the US occupation after the Spanish-American War ended and how Major William Crawford Gorgas created a successful strategy to eliminate the disease from Cuba by attacking mosquito breeding sites. It goes on to tell the story of the plan to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, proposed earlier that century, with the Panama Railroad transporting military goods and soldiers, plus those seeking gold in California. A canal was proposed, but the first, French effort to build it cost hundreds of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of workers’ lives lost before capitulating to yellow fever in 1889. Subsequent US construction, begun in 1904, was soon threatened by disease. When Colonel Gorgas brought his yellow fever control plan to Panama he faced criticism from his superiors but gained the support of President Theodore Roosevelt. The chapter relates how his plan, though seemingly improbable, worked, defeating yellow fever, saving countless lives, and allowing the completion of the canal.

Develop Your Lay-Level Research Communication Strategy

This chapter covers the practical steps to creating a communication strategy to enhance your research and your career. Developing a strategy for communicating to lay audiences is important for successfully reaching those audiences. That strategy involves first protecting scientific publication against premature public release of scientific data and conclusions. A strategy also involves giving a comprehensive, coherent view of one’s research, sharing one’s research process, and fitting into the institution’s mission. Finding popular “hooks” for communication, or vivid metaphors familiar to people in their everyday lives, will engage your audience and greatly help communicate your work. A successful strategy also entails coordinating with funding agencies and becoming an expert resource for the media.

Influence Of Regulative Pressures On Strategy Implementation In Public Secondary Schools In Selected Counties In Kenya

Preparation of strategic plans and their implementation in public secondary schools is mandatory for all schools in Kenya. However, the implementation is a challenge to the majority of the schools hence the need to investigate the factors that influence it. Being a relatively new management practice in public secondary schools, empirical studies in this area are limited. Drawing from the institutional theory, we conducted a descriptive structured self-administered questionnaire survey to determine the influence of regulative pressures on strategy implementation in public secondary schools. We further, examined the moderating effect of mimetic pressures on this relationship. We found that public secondary schools experienced moderate regulative pressures from the government to implement strategies and that through binary logistic regression model, regulative pressure significantly predicted the probability of successful strategy implementation (Wald = 13.682, df = 1, p < .001, exp (B) = 3.393). However, mimetic pressures did not significantly moderate the relation between regulative pressure and strategy implementation (Wald = .098, df = 1, p = .754 > .05, exp (B) =.737). Theoretically the study contributes to the scarce empirical literature on strategy implementation from the institutional theory perspective compared to strategy formulation. Practically, the study draws attention of stakeholders to the less investigated factors that influence strategy implementation namely: the regulative pressures. These findings have implications for government to strengthen the monitoring of public secondary schools to increase the likelihood of successful strategy implementation in public secondary schools.

MUSLIM UMMAH: REALITY OR ILLUSION

United Muslim Ummah was a splendid idea given by Islam to restore the lethargic sections of society and combine the assets into an incorporated, reduced frame. Such a unified movement was important not just to assimilate political and national associations on a solitary stage yet, in addition, to liberate the people from conferred self-interests and narrow observations. The idea was inspiring especially at a time when Arab society was segregated by tribal rivalries, domestic feuds and inter-regional assaults. By eliminating aggressive and exploitative tendencies, this kind of communal harmony produced a cohesive, creative principle for a successful strategy. This was a correct diagnosis made for the difficulties afflicting the ligaments of a diseased society. The aim of the paper is to determine whether present Islamic world can be united under the single banner of Muslim Ummah and recommend measures to enhance unity and sense of brotherhood among the Muslim states.