NEED AND REASONS FOR INSURANCE OF NOTARY PUBLICS DURING NOTARY ACTIVITY

In this paper, the authors investigate the needs and reasons for securing notaries when performing notary activities. The paper should investigate and answer, what is the interest of the state, notaries and parties, in connection with performing notarial activity, legal basis and manner of conducting professional liability insurance of notaries, determining the amount of the insured case, the occurrence of the insured case, comparative legal solutions rights. The paper deals with persons who are participants in insurance (insured, insurer, injured party and other persons covered by insurance), the concept and subject of insurance, in this case professional liability insurance, the risk it carries, protection of the injured party and protection of property.

Ethical and Legal Challenges of Telemedicine in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and objective: Telemedicine or telehealth services has been increasingly practiced in the recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine turned into and indispensable service in order to avoid contagion between healthcare professionals and patients, involving a growing number of medical disciplines. Nevertheless, at present, several ethical and legal issues related to the practice of these services still remain unsolved and need adequate regulation. This narrative review will give a synthesis of the main ethical and legal issues of telemedicine practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed using MeSH terms: Telemedicine (which includes Mobile Health or Health, Mobile, mHealth, Telehealth, and eHealth), Ethics, Legislation/Jurisprudence, and COVID-19. These terms were combined into a search string to better identify relevant articles published in the English language from March 2019 to September 2021. Results: Overall, 24 out of the initial 85 articles were considered eligible for this review. Legal and ethical issues concerned important aspects such as: informed consent (information about the risks and benefits of remote therapy) and autonomy (87%), patient privacy (78%) and confidentiality (57%), data protection and security (74%), malpractice and professional liability/integrity (70%), equity of access (30%), quality of care (30%), the professional–patient relationship (22%), and the principle of beneficence or being disposed to act for the benefit of others (13%). Conclusions: The ethical and legal issues related to the practice of telehealth or telemedicine services still need standard and specific rules of application in order to guarantee equitable access, quality of care, sustainable costs, professional liability, respect of patient privacy, data protection, and confidentiality. At present, telemedicine services could be only used as complementary or supplementary tools to the traditional healthcare services. Some indications for medical providers are suggested.

INSTITUTE OF COMPULSORY INSURANCE OF PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY OF LAWYERS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the problems of introduction of the institute of compulsory insurance ofprofessional liability of lawyers in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authoranalyzes the current legislation of the two states, in terms of mandatory insurance of professional liabilityof lawyers, identifies current problems in this area, justifies ways to solve them. The article has a certainscientific and practical value, since it analyzes the experience of the establishment of the institute ofcompulsory insurance of professional liability of lawyers in Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, whichwill improve the legislative and law enforcement practice of both states.

The Software Industry IS STILL the Problem

The time is way overdue for IT engineers to be subject to professional liability, like almost every other engineering profession. Before you tell me that is impossible, please study how the very same thing happened with electricity, planes, cranes, trains, ships, automobiles, lifts, food processing, buildings, and, for that matter, driving a car.

TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA TERHADAP PENAYANGAN IKLAN NIAGA YANG MENYESATKAN KONSUMEN

This study aims to determine the qualifications of misleading commercial advertisements and the responsibilities of business actors including advertisers, advertising agencies and advertising media in connection with the delivery of misleading commercial advertisements. The results showed that the provisions of Article 9 of the UUPK were included false advertising classification, fraudulent advertising types, and deceptive criteria. The provisions of Article 10 and Article 12 of the Company Law are classified as false advertising, fraudulent advertising, straight forwardlie advertising, and misleading advertising criteria. The provisions of Article 13 of the Company Law include the classification of bait and switch advertising, fraudulent advertising, straight forwardlie advertising, and misleading advertising criteria. Article 17 paragraph (1) UUPK includes the classification of false advertising, types of fraudulent advertising, and criteria for misleading and deceptive advertising. The principle of accountability of business actors according to Article 20 of the Company Law is strict liability and vicarious liability. Meanwhile, in relation to Article 9 UUPK, the forms of responsibility are product and contractual liability (Articles 10, 11, 12, 13 and 17 of the UUPK), or professional liability for advertising agencies and advertising media or both and it does not rule out the possibility of business actors being subject to sanctions. based on the principle of the presumption of liability principle and the form of responsibility for criminal liability