Novel Mechanisms of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity: A Focus on Thrombosis, Cardiac Atrophy, and Programmed Cell Death

Anthracycline antineoplastic agents such as doxorubicin are widely used and highly effective component of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and curative regimens for lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas. The primary dose-limiting adverse effect of anthracyclines is cardiotoxicity that typically manifests as cardiomyopathy and can progress to the potentially fatal clinical syndrome of heart failure. Decades of pre-clinical research have explicated the complex and multifaceted mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. It is well-established that oxidative stress contributes to the pathobiology and recent work has elucidated important central roles for direct mitochondrial injury and iron overload. Here we focus instead on emerging aspects of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity that may have received less attention in other recent reviews: thrombosis, myocardial atrophy, and non-apoptotic programmed cell death.

Effective-Component Compatibility of Bufei Yishen Formula Ⅲ Ameliorated COPD By Improving Airway Epithelial Cell Senescence Via Promoting Mitophagy By Nrf2/PINK1 Pathway

Background: Effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula Ⅲ (ECC-BYF Ⅲ) shows positive effects on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms of ECC-BYF Ⅲ on COPD rats from the aspect of airway epithelial cell senescence.Methods: COPD model rats were treated with ECC-BYF Ⅲ for 8 weeks and the efficacy was evaluated. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced senescence model of airway epithelial cells were treated with ECC-BYF Ⅲ, the related enzymes and proteins involved in oxidative stress and mitophagy were detected.Results: ECC-BYF Ⅲ markedly rescued pulmonary function and histopathological changes, which might be associated with the amelioration of lung senescence, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, increase of the level of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and decease of p21 level in airway. Furthermore, ECC-BYF Ⅲ suppressed p16, p21 expressions and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in CSE-induced airway epithelial cells. Moreover, ECC-BYF Ⅲ upregulated the mitophagy-related proteins, including co-localization of TOM20 and LC3B, PINK1, PARK2, and improved mitochondrial function with upregulating mitochondrial mitofusin (Mfn)2 and reducing dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression. ECC-BYF Ⅲ enhanced the activities of T-SOD and GSH-PX by up-regulating Nrf2, thus inhibiting oxidative stress. After intervention with Nrf2 inhibitor, the regulation effects of ECC-BYF Ⅲ on oxidative stress, mitophagy and senescence in airway epithelial cells were significantly suppressed.Conclusions: ECC-BYF Ⅲ exerts beneficial effects on COPD rats by ameliorating airway epithelial cell senescence, which is mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress and subsequently enhancing mitophagy through activation of Nrf2 signaling.

Coexpression Analysis Identified PcMYB25 as a Patchoulol Synthase Gene Activator to Enhance Patchouli Alcohol Biosynthesis in Pogostemon Cablin

BackgroundPatchouli alcohol is an effective component of the medicinal plant patchouli. Similar to other secondary metabolites, its synthesis is likely also regulated by transcription factors. Although the biosynthetic pathway of patchouli alcohol has been characterized, the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol biosynthesis has not been fully revealed.ResultsThis study combined the transcriptome data of patchouli leaves treated with different hormones and WGCNA to establish a coexpression network. The modules correlated to patchouli alcohol content were identified, and PcMYB25 played a crucial role in regulating patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. The overexpression of PcMYB25 can promote the expression of patchouli alcohol synthase (PTS), thereby increasing the content of patchouli alcohol.Conclusions This is the first report that MYB25 regulates the secondary metabolism of patchouli. These experimental results lay the foundation for further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of patchouli alcohol synthesis.

Features of Marketing Activities of the Football Club “Nizhny Novgorod”

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that marketing in sports is an effective component of sports management, just as it is in other areas of management. Sports marketing has its own specific features based on the characteristics of a particular sport, and this article deals with football marketing. The purpose of this article is to reflect the results of the study of a sports club’s marketing activities. The object of the study is the regional football club “Nizhny Novgorod”(Russia). The main objectives of the study are to identify the factors that attract the fans’ interest to the football club, to attending matches and purchasing club merchandise. Based on a survey of Nizhny Novgorod residents, a study of football fans’ needs in the region was carried out and the target audience of the FC “Nizhny Novgorod” was determined. The results of the survey show that the fans are poorly motivated to attend football matches with the participation of this club. The potential of modern promotion methods such as social media marketing (SMM) is used insufficiently. There is a need to make a more active impact on football consumers in the region, to intensify the work with the fans of the club, to improve the quality and design of the club’s merchandise. As a result of our research, a series of measures have been developed aiming to involve fans in the club’s life, both on match days and between matches. These measures include: promoting season ticket sales, more effective use of the home stadium on match days, active work to attract families with children, organising family leisure at the stadium, stadium tours, activities outside the stadium – weekend events in the city’s parks. The value of the research findings presented in the article lies in identifying the need to create the conditions for a football feast based on football marketing methods, aiming to attract fans to the club.

Sensing the ionosphere with the Spire radio occultation constellation

Radio occultation (RO) provides a cost-effective component of the overall sensor mix required to characterise the ionosphere over wide areas and in areas where it is not possible to deploy ground sensors. The paper provides a description of the RO constellation that has been developed and deployed by Spire Global. This constellation and its associated ground infrastructure is now producing data that can be used to characterise the bulk ionosphere, lower ionosphere perturbations and ionospheric scintillation.

Theoretical Considerations for Communication Campaigns to Address Vaccine Hesitancy

Vaccine hesitancy, declared one of the top-10 public health threats in 2019, has become a high priority for public health professionals. Health communication campaigns have the potential to be an effective component of health behavior interventions, including those to promote vaccination. There is limited research examining the effects of theory-based health communications campaigns focused on vaccine hesitancy. Communication campaigns that use stage-matched theoretical constructs as the basis for messages are more likely to be successful in encouraging vaccine uptake by organizing behavioral intent to vaccinate along each stage and identifying which theoretical constructs are most relevant to where individuals are in the behavior change process. This article focuses on the underlying factors affecting adult decisions to get vaccinated and proposes a model through which to segment populations and determine appropriate theory-based communication campaigns to address vaccine hesitancy.

Coherent Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA: An Improved Multiple Access Method for Satellite IoT System

For Beyond 5G/6G system, satellite communication systems become an effective component of the space and terrestrial integrated network. Among typical applications, massive Machine Type of Communication (mMTC) is a promising and challenging application. The demands of low power consumption and light signaling make random access methods as the potential solution. Up to now, contention resolution-based ALOHA methods, such as contention resolution diversity slotted ALOHA (CRDSA), improve the throughput significantly. However, its throughput will meet the inflection point soon with the normalized load increasing since collisionless packets are hardly existing. In fact, the diversity of transmitting packets is not utilized totally. In this paper, an improved random access method, named coherent CRDSA method (C-CRDSA), is proposed. It accumulates replicated packets coherently at receiver and further improve the throughput over CRDSA. Detailed derivations and simulations are given. Simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Compounding Risks Caused by Heat Exposure and COVID-19 in New York City: A Review of Policies, Tools, and Pilot Survey Results

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed many social, economic, environmental, and healthcare determinants of health in New York City (NYC) and worldwide. COVID-19 potentially heightened the risk of heat-related health impacts in NYC, particularly on the most vulnerable communities, who often lack equitable access to adequate cooling mechanisms such as air conditioning (AC) and good quality green space. Here, we review some of the policies and tools which have been developed to reduce vulnerability to heat in NYC. We then present results from an online pilot survey of members of the environmental justice organization WE ACT for Environmental Justice (WE ACT) between July 11 and August 8, 2020, which asked questions to evaluate how those in Northern Manhattan coped with elevated summer heat in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also make some policy recommendations based on our initial findings. Results of our pilot survey suggest that people stayed indoors more due to COVID-19 and relied more on AC units to stay cool. Survey responses also indicated that some avoided visiting green spaces due to concerns around overcrowding and did not regularly frequent them due to the distance from their homes. The responses also demonstrate a potential racial disparity in AC access; AC ownership and access was highest amongst white and lowest amongst Latino/a/x and Black respondents. The impacts of COVID-19 have highlighted the need to accelerate efforts to improve preparedness for extreme heat like the City of New York’s AC and cooling center programs, heat ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) retrofitting, equitable green space expansion, and stronger environmental justice community networks and feedback mechanisms to hear from affected residents. Conducting a survey of this kind annually may provide an additional effective component of evaluating cooling initiatives in NYC.

Charged thin-shell wormholes with quintessence effects

This work studies the theoretical construction of charged quintessence thin-shell wormholes using Israel thin-shell approach. The stability of these wormhole solutions is investigated by taking linear, logarithmic and Chaplygin gas models as a constituent of exotic matter at thin-shell. The presence of wormhole stability regions particularly relies on the physically justifiable values of charge and quintessence parameter. It is noted that the increasing value of charge seems as an effective component for stable regions while the rise in negativity of the quintessence parameter gives more stable wormhole configurations.