Influence of biotechnological parameters on the yield of macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet

Purpose. To determine the influence of biotechnological parameters on the yield of macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet. Methods. Biotechnological, laboratory, analytical, statistical. Results. It was found that the use of 35% sodium hypochlorite solution at an exposure of 40 min allows to obtain from 73.13 to 75.83% of sterile seed germs. Exposure of 50 min allows to obtain the sterility of the source material from 83.58 to 85.39%. Sterilization of explants for 60 min allows to obtain sterility of the source material from 86.88 to 92.80%. The share of infected seed germs with increasing exposure decreased from 20.09–22.14 to 6.52–12.61%. The yield of macrostructures has been experimentally confirmed to significantly depend on breeding genotype and type of medium. The largest number of calluses (10–80%) was formed with the use of the Hamburg and Eveleg’s medium. With the use of he Murasige and Skoog’s medium, their share was 10–35%. Noteworthy, in breeding genotypes 07–181, 80% of genotypes formed buds and 35% formed calluses in the Hamburg and Eveleg’s medium. Of breeding genotypes 07–178, 55% of genotypes formed a callus and 80% buds. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches the influence of biotechnological parameters (exposure to 35% solution of sodium hypochlorite, type of nutrient medium) on the yield of macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet was determined. It is optimal to carry out treatment with 35% sodium hypochlorite solution for 50–60 minutes, regardless of the selection number of sugar beet. To obtain macrostructures from unfertilized seed germs of diploid sugar beet, it is necessary to use the Hamburg and Eveleg’s medium for breeding genotypes 07–188, 07–178 and 07–181.

Productivity and quality of fiber’s varieties and selection numbers of flax in the Urals of the nonblack earth zone of Russia

In the Ural of the nonblack earth zone of Russia, fiber flax variety Diane from France and selection number ER-138 from Russia stood out in fiber yield. One of the parameters for obtaining a homogeneous fiber of fiber flax is the technical length of the stem - not less than 60 cm, the thickness of the stem - not less than 500 units. The selection number K4196 × 1288/12 and the variety TOST 4 from Russia, which were characterized by a high technical length (61.2 - 61.8 cm) and dryness (472 - 509 units) of the stem in all the years of study in relation to the standard grade. The indicated breeding numbers and varieties, distinguished by yield, technical length and stem thickness, can serve as a starting material in the breeding process. Keywords: FIBER FLAX, VARIETY, BREEDING NUMBER, YIELD, FIBER, TECHNICAL LENGTH, MYKLOST

FORMATION OF BICARPIC POPULATIONS OF BLACK MEDIC

15 populations of black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) of various ecological and geo-graphical origin were studied by the type of ontogenesis. It was found that 1 population is represented entirely by monocarp forms of plants, 7 populations have 20–60% of mono-carps. Wild alfalfa from the Moscow region and mutant forms created on its basis consist of 100% bicarpic plants. Bicarpic plants of varieties Georgia, Nordol, Rinata and selection number LH19-3, whose average dry matter productivity was 40.8–48.0 g/plant, are valuable as a source material for breeding of black medic. As sources of high seed prod-uctivity (10.0 and 10.3 g/plant), you can use bicarpic plants of the selection number VIK 256 and Georgia varieties, and high leafed (52.4 and 55.3%) — selection numbers DS-1 and VIK 61/94.

NEW VARIETY OF CANNABIS SATIVA LYUDMILA

A characteristic of a new variety of monoecious Cannabis sativa Lyudmila is presented. Potential selection number is ??-5/012?, which participated in competitive crop variety testing in 2017-2019 and demonstrated significant superiority over the standard variety regarding the characteristics “male hemp plants content”, “straw yield”, “fiber total yield”, “fiber total harvest”, “combed fiber breaking force”, “combed fiber flexibility”. In 2020, an application was submitted for the inclusion of a selection number in the State Register of selection inventions of the Russian Federation under the name “cannabis sativa variety Lyudmila”. A distinctive feature of the variety is the absence of male hemp plants segregation in a crop and the reduced content of tetrahydrocannabinol in plants in relation to already existing varieties of cannabis sativa of Middle Russian ecotype. At present time, the variety is undergoing the State examination and is at the stage of accreditation for approval for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the introduction of a new selection achievement, it is planned to transfer the scientific results into various regions of hemp sowing of the Russian Federation agro-industry in order to increase the pace of its economic development, increasing the competitiveness of manufactured products and ensuring import substitution.

Optimizing Seed Rates and Effects of Direct and Indirect Selection Indices in Sugarcane Crop

Background: Under current scenario of High cost of Production of Sugarcane crop, it is need of time to decide specific seed rate for individual varieties. Sugarcane seed contributes to 10-20% of cost of production and farmers invests about Rs. 20000/- per acre on planting material. The costs of seed can be curtailed by optimizing seed rate. Similarly, seed rate varies with different varieties. In this view, a field experiment was carried out to optimize the seed rate of promising sugarcane clones.Methods: A field experiment was carried using randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements having three replications at Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2016-17 and 2017-18. Result: The results revealed that maximum cane diameter was recorded for S2008-AUS-133 at seed rate of 25000 and 50000 triple budded setts/ha. However; maximum number of canes/ha were recorded for S2008-AUS-133 at seed rate of 75000 setts/ha followed by HSF-240 at 75000 setts/ha. Maximum cane yield was noted for HSF-240 at seed rate of 75000 followed by S2008-AUS-133 at seed rate of 50000 and lowest can yield was recorded in S2003-US-127 at seed rate of 25000 triple budded setts/ha. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were higher for plant height (381.63, 133.91 cm) and cane yield (406.50, 330.65 kg/plot).Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variances were moderate for number of tillers (11.6%, 15.44%) and higher for cane yield (20.24%, 22.44%). It means that variability in 4 genotypes for cane yield was higher. Thus variety S2008-AUS-133 showed better performance at seed rate 75000 while during selection, number of tillers and height should be considered for further breeding program.

Issues of pre-school upbringing in the views of utopians

Civic pre-school upbringing is more and more frequently becoming a part of the educational system in different countries. Throughout many centuries in different countries with different people children upbringing took place within a family based on the principles of folk pedagogy. However, some philosophers and educators shared many ideas in the field of civic upbringing of pre-school children. Most are represented in the works of utopians, which described ideal and harmonious state. A number of these ideas were embodied in the 19-21st centuries in different countries. The article presents the analysis of Plato’s, Morelli’s, T. Campanella’s, Ch. Fourier’s and R. Owen’s views on civic pre-school children upbringing. There is given the overview of the contents, means, ways and peculiarities of realization of civic pre-school children upbringing suggested by these philosophers in particular the role of the state in organizing pre-school upbringing, the significance of the pedagogical environment, taking into account pre-school children age peculiarities, gender approach in small children upbringing, creating the conditions to satisfy different children needs and interests in pre-school institutions, significance of games and toys in upbringing, development of sensory organs, harmonious upbringing of children, conjunction of a child’s freedom with adults’ well-directed educational influences etc. It is found out that all utopian philosophers gave much weight to educators and emphasized the respectful attitude towards them in the society. The article distinguishes and describes the basic requirements for educators in terms of their selection, number and personal qualities.

How migratory populations become resident

Migratory behaviour is rapidly changing in response to recent environmental changes, yet it is difficult to predict how migration will evolve in the future. To understand what determines the rate of adaptive evolutionary change in migratory behaviour, we simulated the evolution of residency using an individual-based threshold model, which allows for variation in selection, number of genes, environmental effects and assortative mating. Our model indicates that the recent reduction in migratory activity found in a population of Eurasian blackcaps ( Sylvia atricapilla ) is only compatible with this trait being under strong directional selection, in which residents have the highest fitness and fitness declines exponentially with migration distance. All other factors had minor effects on the adaptive response. Under this form of selection, a completely migratory population will become partially migratory in 6 and completely resident in 98 generations, demonstrating the persistence of partial migration, even under strong directional selection. Resident populations will preserve large amounts of cryptic genetic variation, particularly if migration is controlled by a large number of genes with small effects. This model can be used to realistically simulate the evolution of any threshold trait, including semi-continuous traits like migration, for predicting evolutionary response to natural selection in the wild.

The assessment of selection numbers of potato according to the combination of traits in the conditions of Kirov region

The assessment of hybrid combinations of potato according to significant traits such as resistance to basic diseases, high productivity and market condition of tubers was carried out in Kirov region in 2016-2018. As an object for the research the following new potato hybrids bred by Falenki breeding station, branch of FARC North-East, were taken: 27-07(165-00 ´ 282-97), 170-08 (Sierra ´ 93.14-99), 21-07 (165-00 ´ 282-97), 62-08 (9326-2 ´ Zhukovsky Early), 90-09 (194-00 ´ 45-7-17), 179-10 (Dina ´ 45-7-17), 455-08 (591m-62 ´ Dubrava). Early-ripe variety Udacha, middle-early Nevsky, mid-season Chaika recognized in Kirov region were used as standard. Phenological observations, assessment according to productivity (on the 65th day), total and commercial yield and disease resistance were carried out and chemical content of tubers was determined in the breeding nursery in accordance with the methodology instructions of potato breeding. As the result, according to economically valuable traits a promising selection number 170-08 has been chosen. In total yield its significant increase over the standard variety Udacha is 2.6 t/ha. The hybrid 170-08 tubers are round-oval shaped, the jacket is light-beige, the eyes are shallow, in number 5-6 on a tuber, the pulp is cream-colored. This variety combines high yield productivity (19.3 t/ha), and high top blight resistance (7-9 points). Also, 170-08 number is valuable when using for early yield (the productivity on the 65th day after planting is 14.6 t/ha).Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.

Performance of Two Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars under Two Different Planting Systems in Calcareous Soil

Onion is one of the most valuable vegetables all over the world. It prefers loose, well drained loamy soils rich in organic matter. In calcareous soils, the growth and yield of onion crop is low. The objective of the present investigation was to study the performance of two onion cultivars (Super Selection and Nasarpuri) in calcareous soil by adopting proper planting system. The crop was planted under two planting systems i.e. flat bed and ridge system. Significantly higher leaf weight was recorded on ridges than flat beds. Root weight was significantly higher in cultivar Nasarpuri than Super Selection. Moreover, plants on ridges attained more root weight than those grown on flat beds. Larger equatorial and polar diameters of bulbs were recorded in Super Selection, and also in the plants grown on ridges. The bulbs harvested from ridges had higher moisture content, than those harvested from flat beds. The neck diameter was significantly greater in Nasarpuri as compared with Super Selection. Number of splited bulbs and number of splits in bulbs were not affected by the cultivars and planting systems. The highest bulb weight was recorded from ridges in cv. Nasarpuri, followed by Super Selection. The significantly greater economic yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from the plants grown on ridges. Leaf weight showed significant association with neck diameter, bulb weight, economic yield and biological yield. Bulb weight showed significant correlation with economic yield, biological yield and harvest index.