Role Identity, Dissonance, and Distress among Paramedics

Role identity theory describes the purpose and meaning in life that comes, in part, from occupying social roles. While robustly linked to health and well-being, this may become, however, when an individual is unable to fulfil the perceived requirements of an especially salient role in the way that they believe they should. Amid high rates of mental illness among public safety personnel, we interviewed a purposely selected sample of 21 paramedics from a single service in Ontario, Canada to explore incongruence between an espoused and able-to-enact paramedic role identity. Situated in an interpretivist epistemology, and using successive rounds of thematic analysis, we developed a framework for role identity dissonance wherein chronic, identity-relevant disruptive events cause emotional and psychological distress. While some participants were able to recalibrate their sense of self and understanding of the role, for others, this dissonance was irreconcilable, contributing to disability and lost time from work. In addition to contributing a novel perspective on paramedic mental health and well-being, our work also offers a modest contribution to the theory in using the paramedic context as an example to consider identity disruption through chronic workplace stress.

The influence of workplace stress and coping on depressive symptoms among registered nurses in Bangladesh

Background: Nurses report high levels of workplace stress, which has been linked to an increased risk for experiencing depressive symptoms.Nurses’ workplace stress is also linked to increased absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) the incidence of depressive symptoms among hospital-based registered nurses in Bangladesh; (2) common sources of workplace stress and their relationships to individual characteristics and depressive symptom scores; and (3) the potential mediating roles of coping strategies in the relationship between workplace stress and depressive symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study design involved three hundred and fifty-two registered nurses. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and three standardized tools measuring sources of nurses’ workplace stress, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms. Results: More than half of the participants scored ≥ 16 on the CES-D, which was associated with a major depression episode. Total NSS scores had a small but significant influence on scores on the depression scale. Coping strategies had no mediated effect on the relationship between workplace stress and scores on the depression scale. Low-reliability coefficients for subscales of two of the standardized tools highlight the challenge for researchers in developing countries to address contextual differences that may influence the meanings attached to individual items. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the mental health of registered nurses in Bangladesh requires immediate attention in part by attending to workplace stressors. Further research should focus on a deeper understanding of Bangladeshi registered nurses’ work experiences and the unique contribution that workplace stressors have on their physical and mental health.

Mindfulness-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is one of the latest mindfulness-based behavior therapies shown to have compelling evidence and efficacy with a wide range of clinical conditions. ACT is so hard to categorize that it is often described as an amalgamation of existential, humanistic, cognitive-behavioural therapy. ACT is often referred as process-based CBT and is one of the ‘third-wave' of behavioural therapies. It is currently the fastest growing evidence-based therapy in the world, with currently at least 304 Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) being recorded all over the world. It has proven effective in different cultural contexts with a diverse set of clinical conditions, from depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, chronic pain, grief, loss and terminal illness, anxiety, and workplace stress.

The Effect of Wellness Programs on Long-Term Contract Employees' Workplace Stress, Absenteeism, and Presenteeism

The quasi-experimental study reported in the present article is aimed at increasing the understanding of the effects of long-term contract employees participating in wellness programs. The reported study examines the effect (if any) that a wellness program has on workplace stress, absenteeism, and presenteeism for long-term contract employees participating in a wellness program. A one group pretest-posttest design was used. Convenience sampling was conducted in a hospital in the New York City Metro area. Data was collected from 19 participants. Paired sample t-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine if there was a significant statistical difference before and after a dance aerobic exercise intervention. The instruments used to gather data were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the World Health Organization Health Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). The results indicated a statistical difference for workplace stress, but no statistical difference for absenteeism and presenteeism.

Medical Burnout

The WHO defines burnout as an inadequate response to chronic workplace stress, with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced professional efficacy. Its growing incidence among physicians may adversely affect their personal and professional lives. Mindfulness aims to reach a state of consciousness in which one's attention is purposefully focused on the present. This chapter uses a narrative review of articles published between 2015 and 2019, with the MeSH terms “Burnout,” “Professional,” “Mindfulness,” and “Health Personnel.” Sixty-six articles were obtained, of which one meta-analysis, two systematic reviews, and two randomized clinical trials (RCT) met the inclusion criteria. All studies showed some degree of burnout improvement, more statistically significant as regards emotional exhaustion. One RCT also showed a reduction in heart rate. Available evidence suggests that mindfulness may improve physicians' well-being, mental health, and resilience, asserting itself as a possible coping strategy for burnout, namely regarding emotional exhaustion.

Stres Kerja Perawat Psikiatri di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Jiwa

Psychiatric nursing is considered one of the most stressful jobs in the world. 1 to 3 medical workers in the department of psychiatry have been reported to have higher fatigue levels than medical workers in other departments. This study aimed to determine the level of work stress of psychiatric nurses in the Mental Hospital. This type of research is descriptive. The sampling technique used purposive sampling of as many as 83 nurses from 12 inpatient rooms at the Aceh Mental Hospital with the criteria of implementing nurses, marital status, D3, and S1 education, nurses on duty, and willing to be respondents in this study. The instrument used to measure work stress is The Workplace Stress Scale which contains 8 statement items with 5 Likert scales. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the category of severe stress (32.5%) followed by moderate stress (28.9%), potentially dangerous (24.1%), and mild stress (14.5%). Work stress on psychiatric nurses in the Aceh Mental Hospital inpatient room is in the category of severe stress. It is recommended that the hospital increase cooperation between nurses and other health workers and clarify the duties of nurses to reduce work stress on psychiatric nurses.

Role of Emotion Regulation as a Buffer against Workplace Stress among Nurses during COVID-19

The present study examined the relationship between workplace stress and job satisfaction among nurses along with exploring the moderating role of emotional regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 120 (n=60 male, n=60 female) nurses were approached from different public and private hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The Workplace Stress Scale, The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to assess workplace stress, job satisfaction, and emotion regulation abilities among nurses. Pearson product-moment correlation and Linear regression analysis were carried out to measure the relationship of workplace stress with job satisfaction and the moderating effect of emotion regulation, respectively. Findings of the study revealed that workplace stress is negatively associated with job satisfaction among nurses. Moreover, moderation analysis indicated that cognitive reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between workplace stress and job satisfaction. Other key findings of the study indicated that female nurses were higher on workplace stress and used cognitive reappraisal as compared to male nurses who used expressive suppression. Moreover, married nurses were higher on workplace stress as compared to unmarried nurses. Public sector nurses were higher on job satisfaction. The findings of the study suggest that there is a strong need to reduce workplace stress by developing healthy emotion regulation strategies to increase the level of job satisfaction among nurses, especially during this pandemic environment.

How Does Mobile Workplace Stress Affect Employee Innovative Behavior? The Role of Work–Family Conflict and Employee Engagement

The new wave of interest in mobile workplaces is profoundly changing the internal ecology of Chinese companies and creating new stress for employees. To investigate the mechanisms of mobile workplace stress on employee innovative behavior and the role of work–family conflict and employee engagement, we collected 426 valid samples from married male employees in the software and information service industries. The results show that mobile workplace stress has a significant negative effect on employee innovative behavior. In contrast, it has a significant positive effect on work–family conflict and employee engagement. In addition, work–family conflict partially mediates the relationship between mobile workplace stress and employee innovative behavior; employee engagement produces the suppressing effects. The chain intermediary effect of work–family conflict and employee engagement between the mobile workplace and employee innovative behavior is present. When we focus on the high performance of the mobile workplace, we should also pay attention to its impact on the company’s ability for innovation.

Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19: Health Impact and Clinical Findings

Besides its high mortality rates, COVID-19 disease has dramatic psychosocial and psychological effects worldwide. There are significant reports of mental issues, panic attacks, anxiety, depression, and financial difficulties, and the effects continue to persist months after recovery [1]. The disease itself multipliedgic by many other problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, change in behaviors. All these have a significant impact on their lives [1]. It also has adverse effects on pregnancy. COVID-19 has affected the mother as well as the child’s health. There are many panic and anxiety issues. Many deaths were not even reported. Coronavirus pandemic has led to many health and mental illnesses. Many lockdowns led to financial difficulties and problems in the present and future. Long-term neuropsychiatric effects may be caused by more than only the massive psychological trauma suffered during the outbreak. Poor developmental outcomes in offspring have been associated with prenatal psychological distress, including abnormalities in brain development 4, 7, and worse socio-emotional and cognitive development. This article tends to define the psychosocial (psychosocial remove) impact of COVID-19 on students, health workers, pregnant women, how their lives and mental health are affected worldwide. COVID-19 affected the workplace. Stress throughout pregnancy and early life has been linked to cancer lately. It has affected many lives in agricultural areas, economic-financial losses. Current reports put forward feasible passing on vertical coronavirus, although longitudinal studies offspring are needed. The paternal infection on the offspring and generational upshot can be contemplated.

The effect of sleep duration on the risk of diabetes mellitus in an open population of men aged 45–64 years (international epidemiological studies)

Objective: to study the effect of sleep duration on the 16-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in an open population of men aged 45–64 years living in Novosibirsk.Patients and methods. In 2003–2005 during the IV screening (HAPIEE project), a representative sample of men aged 45–69 years (n=781; mean age – 56.48±0.2 years, response rate – 61%) was examined. A standard clinical and epidemiological examination was carried out: sleep duration was assessed using the Jenkins scale, the level of state-trait anxiety (STA) – using the Spielberger self-assessment scale, depression, life exhaustion, family and workplace stress – with MONICA-MOPSY scales. Social support was assessed with Berkman–Syme Social Network Index. The cohort was followed up for 16 years.Results and discussion. In the studied population of men aged 45–64 years, the most common sleep duration was 7 hours (44.7%), in second place – 8 hours of sleep (27.6%), in third place – 6 hours of sleep (16.4%). Among people with newly diagnosed DM, 7-hour sleep prevailed – 39.2%, 6- and 8-hour sleep – 25.3% each (÷2=7.774; df=5; p>0.05). In men with 5–6 hours of sleep, compared with men sleeping for 7–8 hours, we found a 1.72-fold increased 16-year risk of developing diabetes (95% CI 1.066–2.776; p<0.05), and in men aged 45–54 years – a 1.868-fold increase (95% CI 1.089–3.927; p<0.05). In the Cox-proportional multivariate model, an independent effect on the diabetes risk was observed for: 5–6 hours of sleep at night: hazard ratio (HR) 1.561 (95% CI 1.063–2.83; p<0.001), depression (HR 1.767; 95% CI 1.058–2.952; p<0.05), life exhaustion (HR 1.511; 95% CI 1.266–2.984; p<0.05), and low and medium-1 SNI (HR 1.956; 95% CI 1.074–3.560; p<0.05).Conclusion. Short and very short sleep duration could be defined as a major risk factor of DM.