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2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alireza Yargholi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Najafi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zareian ◽  
Jessie Hawkins ◽  
Laila Shirbeigi ◽  
...  

Objectives. In recent years, diabetes has become a global health problem that creates a tremendous economic burden for many countries. Clinical trials evaluating the hypoglycemic effects of sesame consumption have produced conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sesame as a popular natural herb on glycemic indices in adults. Methods. The search for related articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library was conducted through May 2021. Results were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results. A total of 605 studies were identified through online searching, and a total of eight RCTs representing 382 participants were included in this study. The meta-analyses revealed that sesame consumption significantly decreases serum fasting blood sugar (FBS): (WMD: −28.23 mg/dl; 95% CI (−39.16, −17.13), I2 = 97.6%; 95% CI (96, 98)), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): (WMD: −1.00%; 95% CI (−1.11, −0.88), I2 = 0%; 95% CI (0, 79)) as compared to the control group. Conclusion. This study provides evidence of the hypoglycemic effects of sesame consumption, particularly in diabetic patients. Additional RCTs on sesame and its preparations should be conducted in different populations to increase generalizability.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irum Mukhtar ◽  
Ruanni Chen ◽  
Yunying Cheng ◽  
IBATSAM KHOKHAR ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
...  

Sigesbeckia orientalis L., (St Paul’s wort) is an annually grown natural herb of Asteraceae with a long therapeutic history for a wide range of inflammation-related diseases in China (Zhong et al. 2019). In June 2020, typical symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on 30% of wild S. orientalis plants grown along the roadsides and gardens in Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China. Circular to irregular white powdery fungal colonies were observed on both surfaces of the leaves and young stems, causing necrosis and premature senescence. Fungal hyphae were epigenous, flexuous to straight, branched, and septate. Appressoria on the hyphae were nipple-shaped or nearly absent. Conidiophores were straight, 30 to 210× 8 to 12 μm, and produced 3 to 7 immature conidia in chains with a crenate outline. Foot-cells were cylindrical, 45 to 75 ×10 to 12 μm, followed by 1 to 2 shorter cells. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoid-ovoid to barrel-shaped, 25 to 38 × 18 to 23 μm with distinct fibrosin bodies. Germ tubes were produced from a lateral position on the conidia. Chasmothecia were not observed on the infected leaves. Based on anamorph characteristics, fungus was identified as Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & N. Shishkoff (Braun and Cook 2012). For molecular identification, total genomic DNA was extracted (Mukhtar et al. 2018) from fungal colonies on infected leaves of five collections separately. For each DNA sample, the part of LSU and ITS regions were amplified using primers LSU1/LSU2 and ITS1/ITS4 (Scholin et al. 1994; White et al. 1990), respectively. A BLAST search revealed 100 % sequences similarity with P. xanthii sequences reported on Ageratum conyzoides (KY274485), Eclipta prostrata (MT260063), Euphorbia hirta (KY388505), Sonchus asper (MN134013), and Verbena bonariensis (AB462804). Representative sequences (ITS: MZ613309; LSU: MZ614707) of an isolate were deposited in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis also grouped the obtain sequences into P. xanthii clade. Pathogenicity was confirmed by gently pressing the infected leaves onto young leaves of five healthy one-month-old S. orientalis plants, while three non-inoculated plants were used as controls. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2°C. After, seven days, white powdery colonies were observed on inoculated plants, whereas controls remained mildew-free. On inoculated leaves, the fungus was morphologically and molecularly identical to the fungus on the original specimens. P. xanthii has been reported as a significant damaging pathogen on a wide range of plants in China (Farr and Rossman 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by P. xanthii on S. orientalis in China as well as worldwide. S. orientalis is one of the most important commercial Chinese medicinal herbs and the occurrence of powdery mildew is a threat to its production, quality, and marketability. References: Braun, U., and Cook, R. T. A. 2012. The Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series 11: CBS. Utrecht, The Netherlands. Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2021. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., USDA ARS, 9 October 2021. Mukhtar, I., et al. 2018. Sydowia.70:155. Scholin, C. A., et al. 1994. J. Phycol. 30:999. White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Zhong, Z., et al., 2019. Chin. Med. (U. K.) 14, 1–12. 10.1186/s13020-019-0260-y


Author(s):  
Inain Jaies ◽  
Feroz Ahmad Shah ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Dar ◽  
Syed Shariq Nazir Qadiri ◽  
Asifa Wali ◽  
...  

Bacterial diseases in fishes create one of the alarming situations that render significant loss to the fishing industries and aquacultural farm units worldwide. Various drugs have been formulated, standardized, and used in the industry to combat bacterial infections. However, non-judicious drugs can lead to pharmacological problems and induction of toxicity in fishes, leaving them less suitable for human consumption. These drugs can be supplemented with the natural herb plants having antibacterial activities, although they cannot be used solely to curb the menace. Therefore, the review put forth an idea, which plant herbs can be used as antibacterial drugs in fishes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 100517
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shirakawa ◽  
Yuji Matsushima ◽  
Sohtaro Kajiyama ◽  
Takuma Suzuki ◽  
Takatoshi Nagano ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-S) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Roja Maddi ◽  
Surekha Perumalla ◽  
Lalitha Kumari Sesham ◽  
Seema Sultana Shaik ◽  
Jithashma Tanniru ◽  
...  

Objective: the main intention of this research is to prepare a curcumin based herbal gel sanitizer by minimizing the alcoholic usage and to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of this herbal sanitizer. Methods: curcumin gel sanitizer was prepared from the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa along with addition of gel base prepared from the combination of carbapol-940 and HPMC-E15. Results: The curcumin gel sanitizer was formulated and evaluated for its phytochemical constituents present in curcumin, detection of active constituent of curcumin which was majorly responsible for the anti-microbial activity through HPTLC, organoleptic properties, irritancy test and the efficiency of anti-bacterial activity of curcumin was also evaluated and it is   safe and effective against pathogens. Conclusion: As a natural herb, curcumin which was a household ingredient could also be effectively formulated as a sanitizer that reduces the side effects of alcoholic sanitizer products and is a best source that acts effectively against a numerous pathogens. Keywords: curcumin, carbapol-940, Ethanolic extract, HPMC-E15 (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), HPTLC, Pathogens,


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Zongliang Yu ◽  
Xiaoya Li ◽  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Songzi Wang ◽  
...  

With improvement in living standards and average life expectancy, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidences and mortality have been increasing annually. Paeonia suffruticosa, a natural herb, has been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for thousands of years in Eastern countries. Paeonol is an active ingredient extracted from Paeonia suffruticosa. Previous studies have extensively explored the clinical benefits of paeonol. However, comprehensive reviews on the cardiovascular protective effects of paeonol have not been conducted. The current review summarizes studies reporting on the protective effects of paeonol on the cardiovascular system. This study includes studies published in the last 10 years. The biological characteristics of Paeonia suffruticosa, pharmacological mechanisms of paeonol, and its toxicological and pharmacokinetic characteristics were explored. The findings of this study show that paeonol confers protection against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through various mechanisms, including inflammation, platelet aggregation, lipid metabolism, mitochondria damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and non-coding RNA. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the cardiovascular benefits of paeonol.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Guangwei Liu ◽  
Wenxia Zhao ◽  
Jiameng Bai ◽  
Jianjiao Cui ◽  
Haowei Liang ◽  
...  

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that seriously threatens the health of humans globally. Formononetin (FMN) is a natural herb extract with multiple biological functions. In this study, an experimental model of AIH was established in mice through the use of concanavalin A (ConA). To investigate the effects of FMN on ConA-induced hepatitis, the mice were pretreated with 50 or 100 mg/kg body mass of FMN. The results show that FMN alleviated ConA-induced liver injury of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment with FMN inhibited the apoptosis of hepatocytes in the ConA-treated mice through downregulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 3) and upregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). It was also found that the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were greatly reduced in the serum and liver tissues of mice pretreated with FMN. Further studies showed that FMN reduced the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 and enhanced the level of IκBα (inhibitor of NF-κB), suggesting that FMN inhibits the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, FMN inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Therefore, FMN could be a promising agent for the treatment of AIH.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Tibor Nagy ◽  
Gergő Róth ◽  
Ákos Kuki ◽  
Miklós Zsuga ◽  
Sándor Kéki

Flavonoids represent an important class of secondary metabolites because of their potential health benefits and functions in plants. We propose a novel method for the comprehensive flavonoid filtering and screening based on direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) analysis. The recently invented data mining procedure, the multi-step mass-remainder analysis (M-MARA) technique is applied for the effective mass spectral filtering of the peak rich spectra of natural herb extracts. In addition, our flavonoid-filtering algorithm facilitates the determination of the elemental composition. M-MARA flavonoid-filtering uses simple mathematical and logical operations and thus, it can easily be implemented in a regular spreadsheet software. A huge benefit of our method is the high speed and the low demand for computing power and memory that enables the real time application even for tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Our novel method was applied for the electrospray ionization (ESI) DIMS spectra of various herb extract, and the filtered mass spectral data were subjected to chemometrics analysis using principal component analysis (PCA).


Author(s):  
Saba Saleem

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in cancer patients that has antifertility effects on female gonads. Ocimum basilicum is a natural herb rich in polyphenols and is known to improve fertility. Aims & Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the role of natural herb, Ocimum basilicum extract, as a preventive agent against ovarian follicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was 8 months. Material & Methods: 45 female albino rats were divided equally in control group A, experimental group B and group C each contained 15 rats. Group A rats received single dose of 150 mg/kg normal saline intraperitoneally on 8th day of experiment, while group B was given single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. Group C rats were pretreated with methanolic basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds extract for 7 days followed by single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. All the rats were dissected 48 hours after the last dose. Results: Graafian follicles were atrophied showing atretic granulosa cells in group B when compared with control group A with p value <0.001. However, significant improvement in status of Graafian follicles was observed in group C, when compared with group B with p value <0.025. Conclusion: This study depicts that basil seeds extract can prevent the cellular toxicity in Graafian follicles caused by cyclophosphamide treatment. So the use of basil seeds during chemotherapy can significantly limit its toxic effects on Graafian follicles.


Author(s):  
Mohammad Foad Abazari ◽  
Navid Nasiri ◽  
Shohreh Zare Karizi ◽  
Fatemeh Nejati ◽  
Hamed Haghi-Aminjan ◽  
...  

: P-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxyl derivative of cinnamic acid. P-CA is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature and can be found in a wide variety of edible plants such as fungi, peanuts, navy beans, tomatoes, carrots, basil, and garlic. Recently, the therapeutic properties of p-CA have received a great deal of attention from the scientific society. Here, we described the medicinal effects of p-CA on various pathological conditions. This review was performed via evaluating PubMed reported studies from January 2010 to January 2020 also reference lists were checked to find additional studies. All intermediation or complementarity of animal models, case-control and cohort studies, in-vitro studies, and controlled trials (CTs) on p-CA were acceptable, although, plant extract studies without indication of main active substances were excluded due to the considerable diversities and heterogeneities. According to recent evidence regarding the beneficial effects of p-CA, numerous diseases such as nephropathies, cardiovascular diseases, neuro-inflammatory diseases, liver diseases, cancers, and some metabolic disorders could potentially control by this natural herb. Interestingly, autophagy is a novel molecular mechanism involved in the crosstalk between classic effects of p-CA and introduces alternative therapeutic pathways for this compound. Much work remains in clarifying the main therapeutic properties among the various p-CA effects; these will be the subject of forthcoming work, which could be resulting in presenting the further mechanism of action.


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