templating method
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2022 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Yi Qiao ◽  
Zhen Xing Zhu ◽  
Dong He ◽  
Su Bin Jiang ◽  
Teng Fei Yu ◽  
...  

Heteroatoms-doped ultrathin carbon materials hold great promise for electrochemical energy application. Herein, we develop a salt-templating method to prepare three-dimensional Fe-N co-doped carbon (FeNPC) with ultrathin (~ 5-nm-thick) structural feature. The synthetic procedure involves the following steps: First, fabrication of nanoNaCl templates with uniform particle sizes (~500 nm) via one-pot solution synthesis. Second, fabrication of the precursor by encapsulating of NaCl nanoparticles via the in-situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers under vapor atmosphere. Last, FeNPC formation by subsequent pyrolysis and pickling. The optimized sample displays excellent performance as supercapacitors exhibiting 393.5 F g-1 at 1A g-1 in 6 M KOH. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitors assembled with the optimized sample show an energy density of 10.45 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 300 W kg-1 and outstanding cycling stability retaining 93% capacitance at 5A g-1 after 10000 cycles.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7345
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ejsmont ◽  
Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień ◽  
Dominika Ludowicz ◽  
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek ◽  
Joanna Goscianska

Losartan potassium is most commonly used for the treatment of hypertension. In recent years, new applications of this drug have emerged, encouraging the design of novel nanoporous carriers for its adsorption and release. The purpose of this study was to synthesize ordered mesoporous carbon vehicles via a soft-templating method altered with the use of nitrogen precursors and via a hard-templating method followed by chitosan functionalization. As a result, the materials obtained differed in nitrogen content as well as in the number of total surface functional groups. The impact of the modification on the physicochemical properties of carbon carriers and their interaction with losartan potassium during adsorption and release processes was examined. The materials were characterized by various morphologies, specific surface areas (101–1180 m2 g−1), and the amount of acidic/basic oxygen-containing functional groups (1.26–4.27 mmol g−1). These features, along with pore sizes and volumes, had a key effect on the sorption capacity of carbon carriers towards losartan potassium (59–161 mg g−1). Moreover, they contributed to the differential release of the drug (18.56–90.46%). Losartan potassium adsorption onto the surface of carbonaceous materials was mainly based on the formation of hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions and followed the Langmuir type isotherm. It has been shown that the choice of the method of carbon carriers’ synthesis and their modification allows for the precise control of the kinetics of the losartan potassium release from their surface, resulting in rapid or sustained drug liberation.


Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Lucy Hillen ◽  
Volkan Degirmenci

Artificial carbon dioxide capture is an alternative method to remove the carbon dioxide already accumulated in the atmosphere as well as to stop its release at its large-scale emission points at the source, such as at power plants. However, new adsorbents are needed to make the approach feasible. For this purpose, in this study, hierarchical mesoporous-microporous chabazite-type zeolites were synthesised by applying a dual-templating method. The microporous zeolite structure-directing agent N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantanammonium hydroxide was combined with an organosilane mesopore-generating template, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Materials were characterised for their structural and textural properties and tested for their carbon dioxide capture capacity both in their original sodium form and in their proton-exchanged form by means of breakthrough curve analysis and sorption isotherms. The influence of template ratios on their structure, carbon dioxide capture, and capacity have been identified. All mesoporous materials showed fast adsorption-desorption kinetics due to a reduction in the steric limitations via the introduction of a meso range network of pores. The hierarchical zeolites are recyclable with a negligible loss in crystallinity and carbon dioxide capture capacity, which makes them potential materials for larger-scale application.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Andreas Finsterwald ◽  
Salar Sobhi ◽  
Senthuren Isaac ◽  
Penelope Scott ◽  
Riaz J. K. Khan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Templating for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is routinely performed on two-dimensional standard X-ray images and allows template-directed instrumentation. To date, there is no report on one-dimensional (1D) anteroposterior (AP) templating not requiring specific templating software. We aim to describe a novel technique and explore its reliability, accuracy and potential cost-savings. Methods We investigated a consecutive series of TKAs at one institution between January and July 2019. Patients with preoperative low-dose linear AP EOS radiography images were included. Implant component sizes were retrospectively templated on the AP view with the hospitals imaging viewing software by two observers who were blinded to the definitive implant size. Planning accuracy as well as inter- and intra-observer reliability was calculated. Cost-savings were estimated based on the reduction of trays indicated by the 1D templating size estimations. Results A total of 141 consecutive TKAs in 113 patients were included. Accuracy of 1D templating was as follows: exact match in 53% femoral and 63% tibial components, within one size in 96% femoral and 98% tibial components. Overall 58% of TKA components were planned correctly and 97% within one size. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was good (κ = 0.66) and very good (κ = 0.82), respectively. This templating process can reduce instrumentation from six to three trays per case and therefore halve sterilisation costs. Conclusions The new 1D templating method using EOS AP imaging predicts component sizes in TKA within one size 97% of the time and can halve the number of instrumentation trays and sterilisation costs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2019891118
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Yuzhang Zhu ◽  
Zhenyi Wang ◽  
Wangxi Fang ◽  
...  

In this study, we report the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) branching fractal structures (BFS) in the nanoconfinement between the active and the support layer of a thin-film-composite polyamide (TFC-PA) nanofiltration membrane. These BFS are crystal dendrites of NaCl formed when salts are either added to the piperazine solution during the interfacial polymerization process or introduced to the nascently formed TFC-PA membrane before drying. The NaCl dosing concentration and the curing temperature have an impact on the size of the BFS but not on the fractal dimension (∼1.76). The BFS can be removed from the TFC-PA membranes by simply dissolving the crystal dendrites in deionized water, and the resulting TFC-PA membranes have substantially higher water fluxes (three- to fourfold) without compromised solute rejection. The flux enhancement is believed to be attributable to the distributed reduction in physical binding between the PA active layer and the support layer, caused by the exertion of crystallization pressure when the BFS formed. This reduced physical binding leads to an increase in the effective area for water transport, which, in turn, results in higher water flux. The BFS-templating method, which includes the interesting characteristics of 2D crystal dendrites, represents a facile, low-cost, and highly practical method of enhancing the performance of the TFC-PA nanofiltration membrane without having to alter the existing infrastructure of membrane fabrication.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Michael Rudolf Koblischka ◽  
Anjela Koblischka-Veneva

The fabrication and characterization of superconducting nanowires fabricated by the anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template technique has been reviewed. This templating method was applied to conventional metallic superconductors, as well as to several high-temperature superconductors (HTSc). For filling the templates with superconducting material, several different techniques have been applied in the literature, including electrodeposition, sol-gel techniques, sputtering, and melting. Here, we discuss the various superconducting materials employed and the results obtained. The arising problems in the fabrication process and the difficulties concerning the separation of the nanowires from the templates are pointed out in detail. Furthermore, we compare HTSc nanowires prepared by AAO templating and electrospinning with each other, and give an outlook to further research directions.


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