multiple use
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

1095
(FIVE YEARS 234)

H-INDEX

45
(FIVE YEARS 4)

Author(s):  
Kirsimarja Raitasalo ◽  
Elin K. Bye ◽  
Charlotta Pisinger ◽  
Janne Scheffels ◽  
Rikke Tokle ◽  
...  

New tobacco and nicotine products have emerged on the market in recent years. Most research has concerned only one product at a time, usually e-cigarettes, while little is known about the multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products among adolescents. We examined single, dual, and triple use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and snus among Nordic adolescents, using data of 15–16-year-olds (n = 16,125) from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) collected in 2015 and 2019 from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands. Country-specific lifetime use of any of these products ranged between 40% and 50%, and current use between 17% and 31%. Cigarettes were the most common product in all countries except for Iceland, where e-cigarettes were remarkably more common. The proportion of dual and triple users was unexpectedly high among both experimental (24%–49%) and current users (31–42%). Triple use was less common than dual use. The users’ patterns varied somewhat between the countries, and Iceland differed substantially from the other countries, with a high proportion of single e-cigarette users. More knowledge on the patterns of multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products and on the potential risk and protective factors is needed for targeted intervention and prevention efforts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Erwin Bergmeier ◽  
Jorge Capelo ◽  
Romeo Di Pietro ◽  
Riccardo Guarino ◽  
Ali Kavgacı ◽  
...  

In the summer of 2021, enormous wildfires in the Mediterranean eliminated huge areas of mainly coniferous forest, destroyed adjacent settlements and claimed the lives of many people. The fires indicate effects of climate change and expose consequences of rural demographic changes, deficits in regional and touristic development planning and shortcomings in forest policy. This forum article highlights the dimensions of the problem, calls for a paradigm shift and shows solutions. Land abandonment, woody plant encroachment and non-reflective afforestation are leading to increasing amounts of combustible biomass. To prevent disastrous fires in future, fundamental changes in tree species composition, forest structure and management are essential. Plantations of reseeding pines are to be substituted by spacious or periodically open woodlands of long-lived trees with resprouting capacity such as Mediterranean oaks. Biomass-reducing practices including wood-pasture have to be revived in rural and peri-urban areas. Exemplary fire-resistant multifunctional oak woodlands occur throughout the Mediterranean. Urgent and medium-term measures in the burnt areas include promoting natural ecosystem regeneration, developing regionalized seed banks and nurseries to support native genetic resources, fostering vegetation mosaics of groves and multiple-use open and coppice woodland maintained by traditional practices, and in general forest management aiming at fuel biomass reduction and a policy counteracting land abandonment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatairat Yingtaweesittikul ◽  
Karrie Ko ◽  
Nurdyana Abdul Rahman ◽  
Shireen Yan Ling Tan ◽  
Niranjan Nagarajan ◽  
...  

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis caused by the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Establishing links between known cases is crucial for the containment of COVID-19. In the healthcare setting, the ability to rapidly identify potential healthcare-associated COVID-19 clusters is critical for healthcare worker and patient safety. Increasing sequencing technology accessibility has allowed routine clinical diagnostic laboratories to sequence SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. However, these laboratories often lack specialized informatics skills required for sequence analysis. Therefore, an on-site, intuitive sequence analysis tool that enables clinical laboratory users to analyze multiple genomes and derive clinically relevant information within an actionable timeframe is needed.Results: We propose CalmBelt, an integrated framework for on-site whole genome characterization and outbreak tracking. Nanopore sequencing technology enables on-site sequencing and construction of draft genomes for multiple SARS-CoV-2 samples within 12 h. CalmBelt's interactive interface allows users to analyse multiple SARS-CoV-2 genomes by utilizing whole genome information, collection date, and additional information such as predefined potential clusters from epidemiological investigations. CalmBelt also integrates established SARS-CoV-2 nomenclature assignments, GISAID clades and PANGO lineages, allowing users to visualize relatedness between samples together with the nomenclatures. We demonstrated multiple use cases including investigation of potential hospital transmission, mining transmission patterns in a large outbreak, and monitoring possible diagnostic-escape.Conclusions: This paper presents an on-site rapid framework for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome characterization. CalmBelt interactive web application allows non-technical users, such as routine clinical laboratory users in hospitals to determine SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, as well as investigate the presence of potential transmission clusters. The framework is designed to be compatible with routine usage in clinical laboratories as it only requires readily available sample data, and generates information that impacts immediate infection control mitigations.


Author(s):  
S. D. Fedzianin ◽  
V. A. Kosinets ◽  
B. M. Khroustalev ◽  
V. T. Minchenya ◽  
Yu. H. Aliakseyeu ◽  
...  

The first domestic device for vacuum therapy, Impulse KM-1, has been developed. The device is intended for the treatment of wounds, using a method of VAC therapy. Copyright protected by 2 patents. The device includes: an electronic unit with an internal power source, an external battery charge source, a reservoir for collecting of wound discharge, a disposable sterile dressing kit. The kit consists of a sponge, a film covering, a tube with a fixing head, a connector tube. The device is designed for a multiple use, provides continuous, variable and intermittent operation. Clinical trials of the device have been successfully carried out. As part of clinical trials, 17 patients who were treated at the hospital surgery clinic of the Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University with surgical infections of the skin and soft tissues received vacuum therapy of wounds using the Impulse KM-1 apparatus. A significant reduction in the time of wound treatment was noted. The device has established itself as a reliable, easy to use device. The cost of the Impulse KM-1 apparatus is approximately 2500 $ and the cost of a disposable dressing kit is 40 $.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Malashev ◽  
Vladimir Maslov

The article is devoted to analysis of materials from kurgan-cemeteries of the foothill zone of Central and Eastern North Caucasus regions (from Kabardino-Balkaria to Caspian Dagestan) dating back to the 3rd century BC – early (first half) 2nd century AD. These sites were earlier referred to as the Chegem-Manaskent type. Main diagnostic features of these sites are similar traditions of the funeral rite and the ceramic complex. The formation of the Chegem-Manaskent cultural monuments includes the material culture, determined by traditions of the North Caucasian sedentary population, and the funeral rite based on customs of the nomadic population of the North Caucasian steppes of the early Sarmatian period. The original territory of Chegem-Manaskent culture of monuments formation was the area from the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic to the western part of the Chechen Republic. The kurgan cemeteries of the Caspian Dagestan were the result of the migration of Chegem-Manaskent culture carriers in this direction. The cultural traditions of the population formed a specific basis of the early Alanian culture of the North Caucasus (2nd–4th AD); their genetic connection is witnessed by similar funeral rite (burial in type I catacombs) and in the ceramic complex. So, the monuments of the Chegem-Manasket type underlie the formation of the monuments of the Podkumok-Khumara type, with which they are connected by the use of a catacomb burial rite with the repeated use of chamber for new graves and a ceramic complex. In addition, the ceramic complex of monuments of the circle of the Andreiauli settlement largely goes back to the ceramic tradition of antiquities Chegem-Manasket circle, complicated by the morphological influences of the tradition of Caucasian Albania including the use of the transformed catacomb burial rite with multiple use of chamber graves and the ceramic complex.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew David Clouston

<p>Crowdsourcing has transformed how geographic information is collected, stored, disseminated, analysed, visualised and used (Sui et al., 2013b). Yet, crowdsourcing has had little impact on core government geospatial data. This ‘authoritative data’ is often tightly controlled with a focus on data quality and security for protection from unauthorised change (Rice et al., 2012). Opportunities for consumers, users and existing data producers to contribute their skills and information to enhance authoritative government geospatial data has been limited. The adoption, or use, of crowdsourcing by Government has been slow (Haklay et al., 2014).  The New Zealand Cadastre, managed by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) is an example of a core government geospatial system that has collated and managed data for over a century. Despite data meeting the contemporary acceptance standards when it was integrated into the cadastre, data quality is often questioned by users as inaccuracies or discrepancies are identified (Opus, 2013). Web 2.0 technologies and easy to use mobile devices enabled geospatial capability and a user skill base to an increased acceptance of crowdsourcing as a means to build and maintain geospatial datasets (Kostanski, 2012, McLaren, 2011, Rice et al., 2012). Accordingly, if cadastral data is to be maintained and enhanced to meet modern expectations for multiple use (LINZ, 2013a, Cadastre Ltd, 2003), one option is the use of crowdsourcing (Grant et al., 2014, LINZ, 2013a).  This thesis examines the potential applicability of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) as a specific form of crowdsourcing within an authoritative database - the New Zealand Cadastre. Using a two phase quantitative and qualitative methodology, the perspectives of users, data providers and administrators are explored to ascertain the applicability of VGI to the New Zealand Cadastre.  This thesis finds that crowdsourcing concepts could enable users to contribute data or information, re-conceptualise the role of the existing data providers (predominately licensed cadastral surveyors) and enable the reuse of cadastral related work. Cadastral VGI can provide advances in data collection and maintenance processes; if users, data producers and administrators change their perception of what crowdsourcing is, and what it can provide. However, the importance of user perception in the quality of the dataset will need to be strongly considered in any integration of VGI into the cadastre or other authoritative datasets.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew David Clouston

<p>Crowdsourcing has transformed how geographic information is collected, stored, disseminated, analysed, visualised and used (Sui et al., 2013b). Yet, crowdsourcing has had little impact on core government geospatial data. This ‘authoritative data’ is often tightly controlled with a focus on data quality and security for protection from unauthorised change (Rice et al., 2012). Opportunities for consumers, users and existing data producers to contribute their skills and information to enhance authoritative government geospatial data has been limited. The adoption, or use, of crowdsourcing by Government has been slow (Haklay et al., 2014).  The New Zealand Cadastre, managed by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) is an example of a core government geospatial system that has collated and managed data for over a century. Despite data meeting the contemporary acceptance standards when it was integrated into the cadastre, data quality is often questioned by users as inaccuracies or discrepancies are identified (Opus, 2013). Web 2.0 technologies and easy to use mobile devices enabled geospatial capability and a user skill base to an increased acceptance of crowdsourcing as a means to build and maintain geospatial datasets (Kostanski, 2012, McLaren, 2011, Rice et al., 2012). Accordingly, if cadastral data is to be maintained and enhanced to meet modern expectations for multiple use (LINZ, 2013a, Cadastre Ltd, 2003), one option is the use of crowdsourcing (Grant et al., 2014, LINZ, 2013a).  This thesis examines the potential applicability of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) as a specific form of crowdsourcing within an authoritative database - the New Zealand Cadastre. Using a two phase quantitative and qualitative methodology, the perspectives of users, data providers and administrators are explored to ascertain the applicability of VGI to the New Zealand Cadastre.  This thesis finds that crowdsourcing concepts could enable users to contribute data or information, re-conceptualise the role of the existing data providers (predominately licensed cadastral surveyors) and enable the reuse of cadastral related work. Cadastral VGI can provide advances in data collection and maintenance processes; if users, data producers and administrators change their perception of what crowdsourcing is, and what it can provide. However, the importance of user perception in the quality of the dataset will need to be strongly considered in any integration of VGI into the cadastre or other authoritative datasets.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. McNulty ◽  
Naomi Hamada ◽  
Jesse Delzio ◽  
Liber McKee ◽  
Somen Nandi ◽  
...  

Advancements in understanding and engineering of virus-based nanomaterials (VBNs) for biomedical applications motivate a need to explore the interfaces between VBNs and other biomedically-relevant chemistries and materials. While several strategies have been used to investigate some of these interfaces with promising initial results, including VBN-containing slow-release implants and VBN-activated bioceramic bone scaffolds, there remains a need to establish VBN-immobilized three dimensional materials that exhibit improved stability and diffusion characteristics for biosensing and other analyte-capture applications. Silica sol-gel chemistries have been researched for biomedical applications over several decades and are well understood; various cellular organisms and biomolecules (e.g., bacteria, algae, enzymes) have been immobilized in silica sol-gels to improve viability, activity, and form factor (i.e., ease of use). Here we present the immobilization of an antibody-binding VBN in silica sol-gel by pore confinement. We have shown that the resulting system is sufficiently diffuse to allow antibodies to migrate in and out of the matrix. We also show that the immobilized VBN is capable of antibody binding and elution functionality under different buffer conditions for multiple use cycles. The promising results of the VBN and silica sol-gel interface indicate a general applicability for VBN-based bioseparations and biosensing applications.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document