Determinan Zakat Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel-variabel yang menjadi penentu dalam pengeluaran zakat internal bank umum syariah di Indonesia. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode regresi data panel dengan model yang terpilih adalah Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh return on asset, return on equity, dan ukuran perusahaan pada 4 bank umum syariah, yaitu Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Muamalat, dan Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa secara parsial return on equity dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat bank umum syariah. Namun, return on asset tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat bank umum syariah. Sedangkan untuk hasil pengujian secara simultan return on asset, return on equity, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap zakat bank umum syariah.

The Log-Asset Dynamic with Euler–Maruyama Scheme under Wishart Processes

This article deals with Wishart process which is defined as matrix generalization of a squared Bessel process. We consider a single risky asset pricing model whose volatility is described by Wishart affine diffusion processes. The multifactor volatility specification enables this model to be flexible enough to describe the market prices for short or long maturities. The aim of the study is to derive the log-asset returns dynamic under the double Wishart stochastic volatility model. The corrected Euler–Maruyama discretization technique is applied in order to obtain the numerical solution of the log-asset return dynamic under Bi-Wishart processes. The numerical examples show the effect of the model parameters on the asset returns under the double Wishart volatility model.

IMPLIKASI RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA) PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Kajian ini merupakan suatu pendekatan baru dengan mengkaitkan risk based bank rating yang memengaruhi penyaluran kredit dan implikasinya terhadap Return on Asset. Return on Assets (ROA) adalah indikator yang akan menunjukkan bahwa apabila rasio ini meningkat maka aktiva bank telah digunakan dengan optimal untuk memperoleh pendapatan. Return on Assets (ROA) melihat sejauh mana investasi yang telah ditanamkan mampu memberikan pengembalian keuntungan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Semakin besar ROA yang dimiliki, semakin efisien penggunaan aktiva sehingga akan memperbesar laba. Semakin besar Return on Assets (ROA) suatu bank semakin besar pula tingkat keuntungan yang dicapai bank tersebut dengan laba yang besar maka suatu bank dapat menyalurkan kredit lebih banyak.

An Investigation into the Financial Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nanded, Maharashtra

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are an indispensable part of the Indian economy. In terms of Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), MSMEs accounted for about 33% and 31% of India's GVA and GDP, respectively, in the year 2019-20. Unlike large enterprises that are concentrated in the metros, MSMEs are spread across smaller and larger rural as well as urban centres of India. They are also the biggest source of employment, especially in rural India, and contribute to the rural development and industrialisation. MSMEs also act as a great social bridge as smaller enterprises are owned by socially backward classes and women than are larger enterprises. For these reasons and more, the India government has always promoted the growth and development of MSMEs through policy initiatives, technology up gradation, and via other means. Consequently, MSMEs have also grown in multi-folds in the past decades in terms of the number of enterprises in operation and the collective revenue of the sector. Several challenges affect the growth of MSMEs, however. One of these is the limited academic studies into the financial performance of MSMEs, probably due to the unavailability of adequate data. The present research attempts to fill this gap by conducting a financial performance evaluation of 51 sample MSMEs based in the district of Nanded, Maharashtra. The research utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare the financial performance of sample MSMEs selectively using the suitable variables identified by Arasu et al. (2021). Findings suggest sharp differences in the financial performance of sample units. Inefficient units are suggested to improve their return on asset, return on capital employed, and net profit margin.

Pengaruh Net Profit Margin, Return On Asset, Return On Equity, dan Earning Per Share Terhadap Harga Saham di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Publik Sektor Pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in demand and sales of mining materials. The aftermath of the event affected world mining production. This will certainly affect the Share Price of mining sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study aims to determine the influence of Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Earning Per Share (EPS) on Share Prices. The population in this study is mining sector companies registered in IDX period 2020 as many as 49 companies. The data collected comes from the interim financial report data published by IDX every month from March 2020 to December 2020. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 23 software. The results showed that NPM, ROA, ROE, and EPS had a significant impact on the share price.

PENGARUH KINERJA DAN VOLUME PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN PADA INDUSTRI PERBANKAN

The aim of this study is to (1) determine the effect of Return On Asset towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (2) determine the effect of Return On Equity towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (3) determine the effect of Earning Per Share towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (4) determine the effect of Trading Volume towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (5) determine the effect of Return On Asset, Return On Equity, Earning Per Share and Trading Volume towards the Stock Price of banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is banking companies listed in the IDX. The selection of samples applies the purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 10 banking companies listed on the IDX in the period of 2015-2018. The data analysis used to test the hypothesis is the Multiple regression analysis technique. Based on the research, results show that (1) Return On Asset gives positive effect towards the Stock Prices (2) Return On Equity Asset have an insignificant effect towards the Stock Prices (3) Earning Per Share Asset gives positive effect towards the Stock Prices (4) Trading Volume Asset have an insignificant effect towards the Stock Prices.

Factors Affecting Bank Risks in Vietnam

The research identifies the determinants of credit risk and insolvency risk in the Vietnamese banking sector. Using the data sample of 25 commercial banks over ten years (2008-2017), we examine the relationship between internal variables, external variables, and bank risks. In this study, the independent variables are bank size, bank capitalization, return on asset, return on equity, loan loss provision, capital adequacy ratio, inflation rate, and GDP growth rate. In contrast, non-performing loans and Z-score are the dependent variables. The empirical results show that all factors have an effect on bank risks except liquidity ratio.

Pricing the Volatility Risk Premium with a Discrete Stochastic Volatility Model

Investors’ decisions on capital markets depend on their anticipation and preferences about risk, and volatility is one of the most common measures of risk. This paper proposes a method of estimating the market price of volatility risk by incorporating both conditional heteroscedasticity and nonlinear effects in market returns, while accounting for asymmetric shocks. We develop a model that allows dynamic risk premiums for the underlying asset and for the volatility of the asset under the physical measure. Specifically, a nonlinear in mean time series model combining the asymmetric autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic model with leverage (NGARCH) is adapted for modeling return dynamics. The local risk-neutral valuation relationship is used to model investors’ preferences of volatility risk. The transition probabilities governing the evolution of the price of the underlying asset are adjusted for investors’ attitude towards risk, presenting the asset returns as a function of the risk premium. Numerical studies on asset return data show the significance of market shocks and levels of asymmetry in pricing the volatility risk. Estimated premiums could be used in option pricing models, turning options markets into volatility trading markets, and in measuring reactions to market shocks.