permanent residence
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2021 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. KONDRATYEVA ◽  
◽  
Marina V. MOROSHKINA

The Arctic regions, being on the one hand an important resource for socio-economic development of the state, and on the other hand, characterized by harsh natural and climatic conditions of work and life, require special attention to achieving quality of life of the local population. The sphere of tourism and recreation is considered as a tool for restoration of physical and emotional forces of a person. The pur-pose of the study is to identify the opportunities and limitations of tourism and recreation for the residents of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The study is based on the calculation of indices for economic, socio-economic and infrastructural indicators that characterize the opportunities and limitations of tourism and recreation organization by the population of the Arctic regions of Russia in the regional context. The results revealed the presence of high financial opportunities in the organization of tourist trips and leisure activities. There is a significant level of activity aimed at promoting inbound domestic and international tourism. It is revealed that the residents of the Arctic regions have a relatively low level of spending on recreation in the territory of permanent residence. The problems identified in the course of research work on recreation of residents of the Arctic regions in the territory of permanent residence require a more systematic and comprehensive approach. The results obtained can be used in strategic and policy documents on the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Alison Rice

Chapter 2 concentrates on the complex role Paris has played for worldwide women writers. This spot has long occupied a privileged position in the literary world and is an undeniably important place for the authors in my study, many of whom have studied, built careers, published their works, and taken up permanent residence here. The metropolis serves as an inspiration for a number of the texts they compose, and it figures in their written works in interesting ways that often reveal the authors’ conflicted relationship with it. In the end, a majority of these writers convey a connection to the French capital, indicating a sense of belonging—or a desire to belong—within the city. They have become aware that they will forever be perceived as foreigners in Paris, and have occasionally suffered from a precarious status tied to financial challenges. They nonetheless celebrate the possibilities that accompany their position at the margins of this central literary location that they have come to embrace as a promising space. It is deeply significant that, in a number of instances, they do not express the same sentiment with respect to France as a whole. It is equally meaningful that, instead of proclaiming patriotic sentiments, these writers often articulate a more profound identification with the European continent than with the nation they inhabit.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Dika Fitriyati ◽  
Suzanna Ratih Sari

Abstract: Kandang Ayam settlement in lowland typology and directly adjacent to the river, and vulnerable to flood area. In evolution, this village became a place who migrants hope to get a job. Migrants who do not have a permanent residence, and then they build some0house0and no give attention of environmental aspects, and it can give impression of0slums.0The0purpose0of0thisFstudyRisVtoLfind out the characteristicsRof0slumsUinRKandang Ayam village. Analytical method used is qualitative analysis with steps : (1) Analyze and describe by used the theory of factors causingLenvironmentalTslum based on theory (2) Assesement based on ministerial regulation oftpubliciworkiandipublicihousinginumberl2 of 2016 on quality improvement oftslumRhousingRand slums. ResultToftthiststudyNisethevcharacteristicsvofislumsiin Kandang Ayam village at the moderate level of slums with characteristics, as follows : water network, drainage and sanitation quality are poor, in thistvillagetmajority of the house is homes not liveable and makes  impression of slum.NThetsocio-economic conditionsioftthetpopulationtintgenerally low income, unfortunately motivation to have a  decent and healthy home is still low.Abstrak: Permukiman kampung Kandang Ayam secaraRtipologiRberadaRpada kawasanmdatarannrendahndannberbatasanilangsungidenganisungai, dan termasuk dalam daerah rawan bencana banjir. Dalam perkembangannya kampung ini menjadi lokasi tempat tinggal para pendatang yang berharap dapat memperoleh pekerjaan. Warganpendatangiyang tidak memiliki tempat tinggal tetap, dan mereka membangun tempat tinggal secarawmandirintanpanmemperhatikannaspek-aspektlingkungan, hal tersebutlah yang kemudian dapat menimbulkan kesan kumuh. Tujuannpenelitiannini yaituMuntuknmengetahuinkarakteristiknpemukimanmkumuhRdinkampungnkandang ayam.tMetodetanalisisiyangidigunakantadalahtmetodeikualitatiftdengantlangkah: (1) Menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan menggunakan teori faktor faktor penyebab kekumuhanRlingkunganRberdasarkan teori analisis; (2) Melakukan penilaian menggunakan Peraturan Menteri PUPR Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang peningkatan kualitas terhadap perumahan kumuh dan permukiman kumuh. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah karakteristik darinpermukimannkumuhndi kampungnKandang Ayam memiliki tingkattkekumuhantsedang, dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut : jaringan air bersih, sistem drainase dan sanitasi yangnburuk,mMayoritas rumah termasuk rumah tidak layak huni dan terkesan kumuh.RKondisiMsosialMekonomiNpenduduknumumnya berpenghasilanirendahisehinggaimotivasi untuk memiliki rumah yang layak dan sehat masih rendah


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Bíró ◽  
Ferenc Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Mátyás ◽  
Karolina Kósa

Background: The public health relevance of health literacy is highlighted by the fact that its higher levels can improve health outcomes and reduce health inequities. In order to design effective interventions for improving health literacy, the relationship between health literacy and other factors such as sociodemographic variables, subjective health and social support must be understood.Objective: Our aim was to test a socioecological model of the determinants of health literacy with a special focus on the effect of residence. Our study investigated geographical differences regarding the levels of health literacy and its determinants as this was not investigated before in European nationwide surveys.Methods: Data was collected by a polling company in a sample (n = 1,200) of the Hungarian adult population nationally representative by age, gender, and permanent residence in 2019 January. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic data, subjective well-being, social support, and two health literacy scales. A recursive path model was used to outline the mediating effect of social support between sociodemographic variables and health literacy where both direct and indirect effects of the explanatory variables and multiple relationships among the variables were analyzed simultaneously. Multiple-group analysis was applied to the three pre-set categories of permanent residence (capital city, urban and rural).Results: There was no statistically significant difference by residence regarding levels of health literacy. Social support and educational attainment were the most important determinants of health literacy after adjusting for the effect of other sociodemographic variables. However, the magnitude of effect of social support and educational attainment is different between types of settlements, the strongest being in rural areas.Conclusion: Social support seems to mediate the effect of socioeconomic position on health literacy which could be taken into account when designing interventions to improve health literacy, especially in rural areas. Further studies would be needed especially in rural communities to see whether improvement of social support could be utilized in projects to increase the level of health literacy.


2021 ◽  
pp. 233150242110355
Author(s):  
Donald Kerwin ◽  
Robert Warren ◽  
Charles Wheeler

This paper proposes that the United States treat naturalization not as the culmination of a long and uncertain individual process, but as an organizing principle of the US immigration system and its expectation for new Americans. It comes at a historic inflection point, following the chaotic departure of one of the most nativist administrations in US history and in the early months of a new administration whose executive orders, administrative actions, and legislative proposals augur a different view of immigrants and immigration. The paper examines two main ways that the Biden–Harris administration can realize its immigration, naturalization and integration goals: i.e., by expanding access to permanent residence and by increasing naturalization numbers and rates. First, it proposes administrative and, to a lesser degree, legislative measures that would expand the pool of eligible-to-naturalize immigrants. Second, it identifies three underlying factors—financial resources, English language proficiency, and education—that strongly influence naturalization rates. These factors must be addressed, in large part, outside of and prior to the naturalization process. In addition, it provides detailed estimates of populations with large eligible-to-naturalize numbers, populations that naturalize at low rates, and populations with increasing naturalization rates. It argues that the administration's immigration strategy should prioritize all three groups for naturalization. The paper endorses the provisions of the US Citizenship Act that would place undocumented and temporary residents on a path to permanent residence and citizenship, would reduce family- and employment-based visa backlogs, and would eliminate disincentives and barriers to permanent residence. It supports the Biden-Harris administration's early executive actions and proposes additional measures to increase access to permanent residence and naturalization. It also endorses and seeks to inform the administration's plan to improve and expedite the naturalization process and to promote naturalization. The paper's major findings regarding the eligible-to-naturalize population include the following: In 2019, about 74 percent, or 23.1 million, of the 31.2 million immigrants (that were eligible for naturalization) had naturalized. Three states—Indiana, Arizona, and Texas—had naturalization rates of 67 percent, well below the national average of 74 percent. Fresno, California had the lowest naturalization rate (58 percent) of the 25 metropolitan (metro) areas with the largest eligible-to-naturalize populations, followed by Phoenix at 66 percent and San Antonio and Austin at 67 percent. Four cities in California had rates of 52–58 percent—Salinas, Bakersfield, Fresno, and Santa Maria-Santa Barbara. McAllen, Laredo, and Brownsville had the lowest naturalization rates in Texas. Immigrants from Japan had the lowest naturalization rate (47 percent) by country of origin, followed by four countries in the 60–63 percent range—Mexico, Canada, Honduras, and the United Kingdom. Guatemala and El Salvador each had rates of 67 percent. Median household income was $25,800, or 27 percent, higher for the naturalized population, compared to the population that had not naturalized (after an average of 23 years in the United States for both groups). In the past 10 years, naturalization rates for China and India have fallen, and rates for Mexico and Central America have increased (keeping duration of residence constant). In short, the paper provides a roadmap of policy measures to expand the eligible-to-naturalize population, and the factors and populations that the Biden–Harris administration should prioritize to increase naturalization rates, as a prerequisite to the full integration and participation of immigrants, their families, and their descendants in the nation's life.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10223
Author(s):  
Viktor Koval ◽  
Piotr Olczak ◽  
Nataliia Vdovenko ◽  
Olena Boiko ◽  
Dominika Matuszewska ◽  
...  

For the Ukrainian population, there are factors surrounding the choices and preferences one must consider when changing permanent residence. Smart residential areas should be built according to Ukrainian legislation and global innovations, which would reduce administrative dislocations, the load on megalopolises, and negative anthropogenic impacts, and should be based on the increase in energy efficiency and reducing waste. We analyzed the core principles of designing smart residential areas and concluded that constructing cutting-edge residential areas should involve private investments in order to avoid shadow schemes and irrational use of funds (in the Ukraine, the share of the shadow market is more than 50%). Research shows that, as humans inhabit a three-dimensional space, it is possible to predict migration and other permanent residence/behavioral responses, the analysis of which allows controlling migration flows and improves the conditions of Ukraine’s small residential areas based on decarbonization. We conclude that energy saving systems can reduce consumption in a city by 60% and improve Ukraine’s ecosystem. Research also shows that reducing “dislocation”, in terms of population density, by creating open, innovative, eco-friendly environments based on green economy principles, can provide innovative development maps and economic, social, and cultural population growth, decreasing the load on big cities/regional economies, and encourage the restoration of sales markets and production after the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a model to assess the innovativeness of residential areas, apply alternative methods of energy generation, and analyze the impact of the energy production and consumption market in Europe (with recommendations for the Ukraine). This article estimates energy intensity indicators of the gross domestic product in the Ukraine and in Europe, offering methods to decrease energy dependence and increase energy efficiency in the Ukraine, by adopting alternative energy sources (e.g., biohydrogen out of residues, air, and solar energy), and enhancing environmental legislation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahab Benjamin ◽  
Tumbwene E. Mwansisya ◽  
Mary Lyimo

Abstract Background: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease means it has become a leading cause of death worldwide and a global health concern. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Tanzania is 12.4%. A major cause of mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease is non-adherence to dietary prescription. However, factors associated with non-adherence to dietary prescription remain unknown. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive cross sectional design, To investigate determinants of adherence to dietary prescription among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Result: Data were obtained from 150 participants; 56.7% adhered to their prescribed diet. Factors significantly associated with adherence to dietary prescription were permanent residence in the city where the hospital was located (p=0.018), age (p=0.000), employment status (p=0.017), duration of chronic kidney disease (p=0.001), comorbidity (p=0.029), family awareness (p=0.003), affordability (p=0.044) and convenience of nutritional counseling services (p=0.046), and conversation with a healthcare provider regarding diet (p=0.039). Predictors of adherence were permanent residence (p=0.010), age (p=0.002), duration of chronic kidney disease (p=0.012), and conversation regarding diet with a healthcare provider (p=0.018). Conclusion These findings highlight a need for interventions to improve adherence to dietary prescription. Building understanding of determinants of adherence to dietary regimens among patients with end-stage renal disease is critical because of the poor progress associated with non-adherence. Further mixed method research should be conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of adherence to dietary prescription and associated factors.


2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110314
Author(s):  
Simon Schaupp

This article analyses the interaction of the algorithmic workplace regime and the migration regime in manual work in platform logistics and manufacturing in Germany. Based on ethnographic case studies, the article reconstructs how companies integrate migrant workers by using systems of algorithmic work control. These simplify the labour process and direct workers without relying on a certain language. Algorithmic work control, however, does not realise its intended disciplining effects on its own but is dependent on external factors. A precarious residence status is such an external disciplining factor as it can create an implicit alliance of migrant workers with their employers in the hope for permanent residence. Nonetheless, the interaction of the two regimes also produced new forms of solidarity between the workers, which in some cases led to new forms of self-organisation. Thus, workplace regime and migration regime co-constitute each other.


2021 ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Tetiana TRIHUBA

In the process of organizing and conducting tourist trips, travel companies and tourists perform a large number of tourist formalities. Failure to comply with at least one formality becomes an obstacle to crossing the border into the destination country, movement around the country and residence of temporary stay, and so on. The issue of their compliance during the pandemic has become particularly acute. Along with the existing tourist formalities, a number of new ones are being formed. The lack of a unified approach to the updated formalities creates significant obstacles to the resumption of Tourism. It is important to emphasize that the new tourist formalities and their analysis have not been reflected in scientific works. The article examines the impact of adding and changing tourist formalities on the development of Tourism and ensuring security, both in the host countries and in the countries of permanent residence of travellers (upon return). Much attention is paid to the peculiarities of the formation of new tourist formalities (medical and sanitary) in the countries that first started receiving Ukrainian tourists, the interdependence of changes in medical and sanitary tourist formalities with changes in the epidemiological situation is studied. Such studies allow us to identify which formalities are effective in stopping the spread of the pandemic, and which are duplicate, ineffective; they open up prospects for forming a unified approach for countries that accept tourists. At the same time, the article reveals the essence of the introduction of the ETIAS system. The article analyses the change in the security situation state, thanks to the implement of this system, and proves the need for further research on the impact of fulfilment of the ETIAS system requirements on stopping terrorist acts. A special stage for the development of domestic and international tourism was the implement of vaccination against COVID-19. There are new documents required for travellers — «vaccination passports». The article examines the impact of vaccination and the implement of an immune passport on the development of tourism during the pandemic and the post-pandemic existence of mankind. The directions, examples of implement, and stages of the process of recognizing immune passports as one of the main driving forces of tourist medical and sanitary formalities of international tourism are highlighted.


Author(s):  
Baurzhan BOKAYEV ◽  
Azat KAIMOLDIYEV

Since 2013, there has been an outflow of qualified specialists in Kazakhstan, which as a result affects the intellectual potential of the country. Based on the results of a survey of 1111 Kazakhstanis who completed their studies abroad, and an in-depth interview among 30 graduates of foreign universities, the main motives for studying abroad, factors preventing the use of intellectual potential in Kazakhstan, as well as the reasons that prompted them to stay abroad or return to Kazakhstan were analyzed. The results of the study show that the use of the intellectual potential of graduates is influenced by: a high degree of bureaucracy in the country (34,5%), low wages (28,3%), lack of necessary conditions for effective work (26,8%). Only 21,3% of the survey participants fully apply the acquired knowledge and skills. At the same time, 60,5% of the survey participants are ready to move to another country for permanent residence.


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