Environmental Sanitation in Heredia

Costa Rica is recognized for its efforts in sustainable development. This study analyzes the challenges of environmental sanitation to articulate environmental management in the Canton of Heredia. Currently, the country faces significant challenges regarding access to water and environmental sanitation. This research contributes to the analysis of the challenges of the environmental sanitation system in this territory. The testing techniques and photographic registration in the impact area, along with the interviews with employees and professionals on the subject, and extensive bibliographic consultation support this methodology. The study's conclusions regarding the challenges of environmental sanitation are 1) legal and institutional framework faced by the environmental sanitation project of the Publics Services Company of Heredia (ESPH for its initials in Spanish), 2) strategy for the treatment of sanitary waters in the canton, and 3) improvement in the quality of life of the Heredia's citizens.

Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Stunting pada Anak Balita di Daerah Pesisir Pantai Puskesmas Tumalehu Tahun 2020

Poor environmental sanitation will result in diarrheal disease which will later lead to infection and thus lead to malnutrition. In Indonesia, it is recorded that 7.8 million out of 23 million children under five are stunted or around 35.6%. Based on the Tumalehu Health Center report (November 2019), it shows that in 2019 the number of children under five was 1467 and those with poor nutritional status were 89 children (6.07%). The research objective was to analyze the relationship between environmental sanitation and stunting in children under five in the coastal area of Tumalehu Health Center. This research method is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach, the number of samples is 313 toddlers. Data were analyzed using Chi Square Test. The results of the study using a bivariate test showed that there was a relationship between environmental sanitation, consisting of clean water facilities (p=0.014), SPAL (p=0.05) and waste disposal facilities (p=0.00) with the incidence of stunting (HAZ) in toddler. The conclusion from the research is that poor sanitation can contribute to nutritional problems, in this case a picture of past nutrition problems for children under five, which is indicated by stunting.

Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dengan Angka Kepadatan Lalat di Rumah Potong Hewan

This study aimed to determine the relationship between fly density and environmental sanitation in Slaughterhouse. This research is quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis in this research was done using the ETA correlation test and showed a p-value of less than 0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship between the flies density and the behavior of waste management (p value equals 0,000), there is a significant relationship between the flies density land the availability of waste disposal facilities (p value equals 0,000), and there is a significant relationship between the flies density and SPAL conditions (p value equals 0,000). A place with good environmental sanitation conditions will also have a good impact on public health. Abstrak: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi eta dan mendapatkan hasil p value kurang dari 0,05 yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara angka kepadatan Lalat dengan perilaku penanganan limbah (p value sama dengan 0,000), terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara angka kepadatan Lalat dengan ketersediaan sarana pembuangan sampah (p value sama dengan 0,000), dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara angka kepadatan Lalat dengan kondisi Saluran Pembuangan Air Limbah (SPAL) (p value sama dengan 0,000). Tempat dengan kondisi lingkungan yang baik akan memberikan dampak yang baik pula terhadap kesehatan masyarakat.

"Eu sou uma cidade": Perspectivas de análise sobre educação, urbanização e sanitarismo nas Américas a partir da animação Environmental Sanitation (1945)

Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o governo dos Estados Unidos criou o Office of the Coordinatior of Inter-Americans Affairs (OCIAA), órgão direcionado para trabalhar nas estratégias de aproximação e consolidação das relações entre o país e a América Latina. Para tanto, a direção do escritório ficou a cargo de Nelson Rockefeller, empresário ligado à Fundação Rockefeller, que já atuava na região. Debates deste período apontavam que o problema de saúde e falta de sanitarismo era crônico nos locais que apresentavam maiores índices de analfabetismo. Para resolver esse entrave, Rockefeller convidou Walt Disney para produzir curtas-metragens educativos sobre tais questões e, desta forma, criar um mecanismo que auxiliasse na instrução e letramento da população. Esse artigo tem por objetivo explorar as formas como essas constatações e preocupações aparecem no curta Environmental Sanitation (1945), parte da série Health for the Americas (1944-1945). O desenho, que tem como personagem principal uma cidade, parte deste ponto de vista particular para contar sobre sua transição de vila simples e sem recursos em um espaço moderno e urbanizado. Verificaremos, assim, por meio de uma análise de alguns aspectos do curta, de que maneira a animação sintetiza as várias problemáticas ressaltadas em relatórios realizados tanto pelo Estúdio Walt Disney, quanto pelo OCIAA, e que também foram amplamente discutidas por governos e intelectuais da época, principalmente em reuniões que discutiam tais questões sobre a urbanização das cidades.

Determinants of Environmental Sanitation Related to the Incidence of Diarrhea among Infants

Background: Incidence of diarrhea increased by poor environmental conditions factors. The several factors of environmental health are housing, disposal waste, clean water supply, and sewerage. This study's purpose was to determine the determinants of environmental sanitation related to the incidence of diarrhea in infants at the work area of Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Singa, Karo District. Method: This research was quantitative research as a case study of diarrhea among infants in Puskesmas Singa. The subjects were housewives who had infants and suffered from diarrhea in the last six months of the study, with 225 total population and 63 people selected by simple random sampling. The data analyzed used logistic regression to found the influence of environmental sanitation on diarrhea. Results: The results found there were six variables analyzed, there were three variables that influenced the incidence of diarrhea, the variable ownership of feces disposal facilities was the most dominant factor with Exp B 18.267 (p-value 0.003; 95% CI: 2.750-121.334), and the quality of clean water are variables that influence the incidence of diarrhea with Exp B 5.763 (p-value 0.026; 95% CI: 1.234-26.904), food and drink sanitation are variables that influence the incidence of diarrhea with Exp B 12.451 (p-value 0.004; 95% CI: 2.190 - 70.773). Conclusion: It concludes that diarrhea among infants has a dominant relationship of water sanitation, disposal sanitation, and food sanitation as determinants. It needs to improve basic sanitation to decrease the count of diarrhea.

Environmental sanitation factors as prevalence support of soil transmitted helminths

The prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) is closely related to the defecation facilities for rural communities, such as: the habit of defecating openly on the ground, in gardens and using open latrines in rivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of environmental sanitation risk factors on the prevalence of STH infection. This study was included in an analytical epidemiological study at two locations, using a cross sectional study as the research design. The location were Sri Kembang Village, Bukit Village, which is included in Betung District, Banyuasin Regency, and South Sumatra, Indonesia for 30 days. There were 252 students as the research sample. Data analysis showed that the prevalence of T. trichiura was higher in Sri Kembang State Primary School Number 1 with mild to very severe infection degrees. The intensity of A. lumbricoides infection in Bukit State Primary School Number 1 got a higher prevalence than Sri Kembang. Open defecation, gardens or open latrines, and types of houses with dirt floors indicate environmental sanitation factors that are sufficient to support the prevalence of STH. For further research, it is recommended to examine socio-economic risk factors.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Pattern Differences of Environmental Sanitation Facilities in Rural China: Taking the Improvement of Water and Latrines as an Example

Based on the panel data of water and latrine improvement in rural China from 2003 to 2016, this paper explores the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of rural sanitation facilities and analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors of rural sanitation facilities by using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. The conclusions are as follows: the gap between the western and the eastern regions of China is gradually narrowing; the spatial differences of rural environmental sanitation facilities in provinces were obvious, showing high-high and low-low agglomeration types. Additionally, years of education per capita, population density, and government investment all have a significant positive impact on the improvement of water and latrines. And the proportion of the minority population has a significant negative impact on the improvement of water. The net income per capita, traffic density, and residential investment per capita are significantly positively correlated with the improvement of water and latrines. But the difference is that the impact on the improvement of water is an obviously east-west band and decreases successively, and the impact on the improvement of latrines shows a dual pattern of polarization between north and south.

Kondisi Sanitasi Lingkungan Di Kelurahan Meranti Pandak Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru Tahun 2020

Sanitasi Dasar di Indonesia masih belum sepenuhnya diterapkan oleh masyarakat. Apalagi jika melihat masih adanya masyarkat yang belum memiliki pemikiran akan pentingnya sanitasi dasar bagi hidupnya, sehingga masih tinggi angka kesakitan akibat sanitasi dasar yang buruk dan masih banyaknya masyarakat yang belum memiliki fasilitas sanitasi dasar yang sesuai dengan kriteria dan syarat yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah Kelurahan Meranti pandak merupakan suatu daerah yang berada di Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru yang berada di daerah pinggir sungai siak dimana masih kurangnya penerapan STBM di kelurahan Meranti Pandak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi sanitasi lingkungan di Kelurahan Meranti Pandak Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Deskriptif Kuantitatif. Tempat Penelitian ini di Kelurahan Meranti Pandak Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2020. Penggumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposif Sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diketahui sumber air bersih di Kelurahan Meranti pandak rata-rata 2.49 menggunakan air bor, kondisi jamban dengan rata-rata 2.24 berbau, rata-rata tersedianya tempat pembuangan sampah 0.67, dan rata-rata 1.21 keadaan SPAL terbuka dan berbau. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan masyarakat bisa merubah perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat supaya terciptanya lingkungan yang bersih dan terhindar dari penyakit Meranti Pandak Village is an area located in the Rumbai Pesisir District, Pekanbaru City, which is on the edge of the Siak River where there is still a lack of STBM application in Meranti Pandak Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of environmental sanitation in Meranti Pandak Village, Rumbai Pesisir District, Pekanbaru City. This research is a descriptive quantitative research conducted by using the observation method. The place of this research is in Meranti Pandak Village, Rumbai Pesisir District, Pekanbaru City. The results of this study show that the average source of clean water in Meranti Pandak is 2.49 using drilled water, the condition of the latrine with an average smell of 2.24, the average availability of landfills is 0.67, and an average of 1.21 SPAL is open and smelly. It can be concluded that it meets the requirements for clean water sources, does not meet the requirements for latrine conditions, meets the requirements for landfills and does not qualify for SPAL. With this research, it is hoped that the community can change their behavior in a clean and healthy life in order to create a clean environment and avoid disease.

Factors Associated with the Stunting in Toddlers in the Work Area of Tikson Raya Public Health Center

Background: Stunting often called stunted or short, is a condition of failure to thrive due to chronic malnutrition and psychosocial stimulation and exposure to repeated infections in the First 1000 Days of Life (from fetus to child aged 2 years). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Tikson Raya Public Health Center, Banggai Laut District. The quantitative study with a case-control research design was applied. The number of samples used was 90 people with the Stratified Random Sampling technique. The data was collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: An association between breastfeeding (p=0.009), the timing of complementary feeding (p=0.009), history of infectious disease (p=0.001), basic health practices (p=0.000), environmental sanitation hygiene (p=0.000), knowledge of maternal nutrition (p = 0.000) with the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Tikson Raya Public Health Center, Banggai Laut District. The environmental sanitation hygiene variable was identified as the most related to the value of OR = 17.367. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding, complementary breastfeeding, infectious diseases, basic health practices, environmental sanitation, and knowledge of maternal nutrition are associated with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of Tikson Raya Public Health Center, Banggai Laut District.