A Forgotten Page of the University Science History. Historical-Economic Studies at IFTI - INEI in the 1950s-1960s: Israel D. Brin

The article, which was written within a project of studying the history of creation and existence of the “invisible college” of historical and economic studies at IFEI — INEI in the 1950s–1960s, reconstructs the intellectual biography of one of its participants — Israel D. Brin. The Irkutsk period of the scientist's work is characterized by his referring to historical-economic analysis: establishing a link between the problems of state capitalism and the problems of the NEP and considering the specific institutional forms that state capitalism took during the period of the NEP in the USSR in the 1920s. The works of the political economist reflected the transformation of the economic history of the NEP into a holistic and complex scientific issue. In addition to historians, political economists got involved in the solution of this problem. Their referring to the past was caused not only by historical interest, but also by urgent problems of the present. The New Economic Policy was interesting from the point of view of the implementation of its principles as well as the use of the institutional forms of state capitalism, tested during the implementation of this policy, in the practice of the people's democracies of Europe and Asia, which were in the process of transition from capitalism to socialism after the Second World War.

Using technologies to design personalized learning pathways as a part of scientific practice of students

Problem and goal. The article deals with the process of designing the high school internship program of the ITMO Universitys Information Chemistry Center by using information and communications technology (ICT). The program development process involved following stages: client briefing, exploratory study, hypotheses-formation processes and its testing, custom development, learning experience design and project defense. Methodology. The high school students views about the Infochemistry Internship Program were analyzed. Authors conduc- ted in-depth interviews with respondents and retrieved information about students scientific achievements, challenges and recommendations for improving the internship program. During the exploratory research stage the high school internship programs of Russian and foreign universities in the field of biology, chemistry, physics and IT were studied. The initial sample was composed of Stanford University Mathematics Camp (SUMaC), Stanford University Science Circle, Harvard University Summer School (Pre-College Program), Chemistry Research Academy of University of Pennsylvania. Three types of scientific practices - summer camp or summer school, university science circle and a research academy - were identified. Results. The authors emphasized that there is not a single high school internship program in the field of chemistry in Russia like at IMTO University. This immerse education program is based on laboratory learning that allows students experience chemistry principles under the guidance of leading scientists. The concept of the program based on the science education model. It involves the personalized learning pathway, scaffolding activities, and participation in the research project. Flexible learning pathway is the core of the program that includes various levels of personalization: project, scaffolding means, pace of learning, educational content, educational result. To prove the importance of using ICT and social media in educational process authors found the results of the research conducted by University College Dublin and University of Melbourne. Conclusion. The paper has highlighted the significance of revamping internship programs, identified the most common types of scientific practices and proved the importance of selected program principles.

The Transmutation Logic of China University Science and Technology Innovation System since the Founding of the Communist Party of China One Hundred Years Ago: Three-Chain Perspectives Led by Party-Building

The university science and technology innovation system is an essential bridge between higher education and national innovation development. Since the founding of the Communist Party of China, the scientific and technological innovation system of Chinese universities has intermingled with the historical environment and internal and external factors and has gone through several stages of development from weak to strong and from fragile to solid. In this process, the Communist Party of China has always been firmly based on the central concept of people-oriented, using a forward-looking vision to develop the macro deployment of the university science and technology innovation system and finally using the combination of ideology and politics, the three-wide education throughout the sustainable development, and optimization of the system, returning to the “university” nature of the university science and technology innovation system, to achieve the fusion of the system and the Party-building development. To this end, the university science and technology system in the new era must continue to uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China, draw on the power of the three chains led by the Party, inductively form contemporary inspiration from the logic of construction over the past century, and adapt to the complex and changing world situation of the future.

New records of trematode and acanthocephalan species in frogs in Erzurum Province, Turkey

Summary A total of 32 frogs of two species (Rana macrocnemis, Pelophylax ridibundus) that were dissected in some lectures in Ataturk University Science Faculty Biology Department were investigated parasitologically even after the lectures between 2008 and 2014. 9 digenean species (Cephalogonimus retusus [Cephalogonimidae]; Diplodiscus subclavatus [Paramphistomotidae]; Gorgodera cygnoides, Gorgoderina vitelliloba [Gorgoderidae]; Haplometra cylindracea, Haematoloechus variegatus, Opisthioglyphe ranae, Skrjabinoeces similis and Skrjabinoeces breviansa [Plagiorchiidae]), 3 acanthocephalan species (Acanthocephalus ranae, Centrorhynchus sp., Pomphorhynchus laevis) were found. All the parasites are the first record for Erzurum province, Cephalogonimus retusus and Skrjabinoeces similis are the first records of the parasite fauna of Turkey.

Development of cooperation in Belarus and formation of personnel potential of the Belarusian State University in the 1920s

The relevance of the problems of cooperative construction in the formation of Belarusian scientific schools is determined. The role of the Belarusian State University in the development of problems of cooperation in the 1920s is characterised. The activity of S. L. Pevsner as a representative of the economic thought of the 1920s is studied. In the perspective of «history through personality», the problems of the formation of the personnel potential of Belarusian State University are revealed. The relations between the management and the teaching staff of the university, the status and issues of material well-being of teachers invited to Belarusian State University are characterised. The conclusion is made about a significant personnel shortage and the presence of serious competition in the personnel sphere of university science in the 1920s with the development of higher education in the USSR.

Metacognitively ALERT In Science

The development of student metacognition has the potential to provide some of the greatest learning gains in science classes, even outstripping the contribution of general intelligence. However, some science educators not only struggle with successfully prompting students to develop metacognition, but also find understanding the concept itself problematic. This struggle is compounded by models for metacognition that are in broad agreement about its nature, but vary widely in essential elements and the relationships between elements. This article presents a synthesis of metacognition studies in science education and further afield that draws together non-contested elements into a readily understood hierarchy of metacognitive knowledge and skills. The hierarchical framework comprises, from the foundation level, self-Aware of cognition, self-Monitor cognition, self-Evaluate cognition, self-Regulate cognition and self-Transfer cognition (AMERT). As a preliminary test of its viability, the AMERT framework is used to analyse interview data in which there was evidence of rich metacognitive thinking by students in the fourth, research-focused, year of a science degree. The degree used the six facets of the Research Skill Development (RSD) framework as labels for cognition. Rich epitomizing statements were found in interviews for each level of the AMERT hierarchy, providing tentative evidence of its viability for understanding metacognitive processes. The AMERT hierarchy of metacognition provides opportunities for teaching and learning, teacher action research, and research teams to investigate metacognition in the contexts of school and university science programs.

Prospects for the development of aquaculture in the southern regions of Russia

The article presents an analysis of the prospects for the development of aquaculture in the southern regions of Russia. It is shown that the volume of aquaculture in the southern regions of the country in 2020 amounted to more than 78.6 thousand tons, which is 24% of the all-Russian. The Southern Federal District is one of the three leaders in the production of aquaculture products, its volume amounted to 81.4 thousand tons in 2019 and 70.2 thousand tons in 2020. About 90.6% of aquaculture products were received in the Rostov and Astrakhan regions, Krasnodar Krai. The volume of commercial production in the Republic of Crimea has increased significantly (by 23%). Pasture aquaculture, pond and industrial fish farming, recreational aquaculture, and mariculture are promising areas in the federal District. There is a great variety of growing objects, these are both traditional species for the region and the country — carp, herbivorous, sturgeon, and pike, common and channel catfish, walleye, perch, pilengas, paddlefish, buffalo. In addition, shellfish farms are actively developing on the coast of Crimea. The prospects of interaction between fundamental, branch, university science and enterprises of the real sector of the economy are shown. In order to achieve sustainable development of the country’s aquaculture, it is necessary to strengthen state support measures, especially for small businesses and fish farming. At the same time, support should be provided not only at the state, but also at the regional level.

ARCHEOLOGY AS A VOCATION: TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGIST RIMMA DMITRIEVNA GOLDINA

The article is devoted to the anniversary of the Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Udmurtia, Archeology and Ethnography, director of the Institute of History and Culture of the Peoples of the Urals of the Udmurt State University, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, founder of the scientific archaeological school Rimma Dmitrievna Goldina. The article briefly outlines the significant scientific problems solved under the guidance of the scientist, presents the key achievements made by the researcher and her colleagues and students during the long-term archaeological research of the vast territory of the Urals by the Kamsko-Vyatka archaeological expedition. The personal contribution of the archaeologist to the development of Ural-Volga and wider - Russian archeology in general, to the formation of university science and the Udmurt State University is shown.

Informed Consent, the Ethical Cornerstone of Medical Intervention, Especially within the Conduct of Clinical Trials

Introduction: This paper outlines and explains a new approach to informed consent, especially within clinical trials. Background: Autonomy implies the patient has control for what happens to his/her body. There is a problem with lack of equipoise between clinician and patient, especially when the clinician, conducting a trial, is also the patient’s physician. Beran et al adopted a novel approach to informed consent, especially within clinical trials. The patient is introduced to the trial coordinator who assumes responsibility of discussing the nature, risks and benefits of the trial. If the patient accepts and signs the informed consent document, with the coordinator, the doctor counter-signs it, offering the opportunity to ask further questions, criticize the process and feel confident that the decision was correct. Discussion: Where the investigator is also the patient’s treating clinician, it must be recognized that there might be a perception of potential coercion, asking a patient to join a trial. The practice employed a trial coordinator, a recent university, science graduate, a young person with less influence over the patient. Patients completed the bulk of the informed consent with the trial coordinator, given every opportunity to decline inclusion into a trial. With the trial coordinator, being responsible for discussing the elements of the trial, there is a reduced potential for undue influence, with ultimate respect for autonomy and selfdetermination. This procedure offers a novel approach to gain informed consent for inclusion in clinical trials with the doctor retaining ultimate responsibility, for informed consent, and countersigning the consent document.