ACCase inhibitor fractionation and glyphosate addition improve perennial sourgrass control

Glyphosate-resistant sourgrass is difficult to control, particularly when perennial, and strategies that improve the control efficiency against this grass and preserve the useful life of graminicides are warranted. Therefore, the present study aimed to answer the following questions: (i) Does fractionating the doses of ACCase inhibitors improve the control of perennial sourgrass? (ii) Does alternating the chemical groups cyclohexanediones (DIMs) and aryloxyphenoxypropanoates (FOPs) improve the control of perennial sourgrass, and does the order of their application affect sourgrass control efficiency? (iii) Does the addition of glyphosate to ACCase inhibitors improve to the control of perennial sourgrass resistant to 5-enol-pyruvyl-shiquime-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors? Two field experiments (I and II) were performed in 2018 and repeated in 2019. In experiment I, the treatments included a single or fractional application clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (216 + 108 g a.i. ha-1), clethodim (216 g a.i. ha-1), and quizalofop-P-tefuryl (108 g a.i. ha-1), applied in the order of clethodim followed by quizalofop-P-tefuryl and vice versa, as well as a control treatment. In experiment II, the treatments included a single or fractional application of clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl (216 + 108 g a.i. ha-1) and clethodim (108 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or associated with glyphosate, as well as a control treatment. In both experiments, the interval between the fractional applications was 7 days. Percentage of control, number of tillers per plant, and height of sourgrass plants were determined. Compared with the unfractionated application, the fractionation of clethodim + quizalofop-P-ethyl and clethodim increased control by respectively 20-24 and 25-30%. Fractionated clethodim has greater

Integration of Stalk Destruction Methods for the Glyphosate Herbicide-Resistant Cotton

The increase in geographical areas used for cultivation of transgenic glyphosate herbicide-resistant cotton has hindered the stalk destruction, compromised the phytosanitary break implementation and consequently increased the population of insect pests and cotton plant pathogens. This study evaluated the efficiency of the combining mechanical and chemical methods in the destruction of transgenic cotton stalk resistant to the glyphosate herbicide. Two experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 in Primavera do Leste,-Mato Grosso, Brazil and Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, Brazil, respectively. The study evaluated different mechanical destruction equipment in combination with the chemical methods. In each environment, a randomized block experiment with four replications was employed. The results of the experiments indicated that the mechanical destruction increased the control efficiency by at least 10% when compared to chemical destruction of the cotton stalk. Chemical destruction with herbicides combined with mechanical destruction methods does not increase the control efficiency of cotton stalks destruction. Furthermore, the application of hormonal herbicides following the mechanical shredding of cotton stalks does not increase the control efficiency of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk.

Field application of nanoliposomes delivered quercetin by inhibiting specific hsp70 gene expression against plant virus disease

Background The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. Results In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6 and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. Conclusion This research innovatively reports the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides. Graphical Abstract

Evaluasi Sistem Informasi Dosen pada ITB Stikom Bali Menggunakan Metode PIECES (Performance Information Economics Control Efficiency and Service)

ITB STIKOM BALI is an educational institution that uses a lecturer information system to help work. However, there are still some obstacles regarding how effective the lecturers' satisfaction is in using the Lecturer Information System. This research is focused on the analysis of the effectiveness of satisfaction using the Lecturer Information System as measured by the PIECES variables. The population of this study includes all active lecturers who use the lecturer information system as many as 155 people. The samples were determined by applying the SRS (Simple Random Sampling) technique using tables developed by Isaac and Michael. Of the 155 populations based on the 10% significance calculation selected to get a total of 99 samples, data collection was carried out by giving a questionnaire to all samples and there were as many as 93 people that returned it. The technique used to evaluate the Lecturer Information System is the PIECES method which focuses on 6 variables; Performance, Information, Economic, Control, Efficiency, and Service. This technique is more suitable to use and can focus on measuring the accuracy of each variable. To measure the level of user satisfaction from each variable, the questionnaire had 17 statements using a Likert scale to determine the value of the user's opinion on the system. The results of the analysis were obtained from the calculation of the questionnaire value of all respondents using the satisfaction calculation formula developed by Kaplan and Norton. From the reference criteria for the assessment of satisfaction, the results of the analysis show that the average value is 3.4 - 4.91, which means that users are satisfied using the Lecturer Information System with details of the scores on the variables Performance 4.19, Information 4.16, Economic 4.26, Control 3.85, Efficiency 4.23, and Service 4.21. It can be concluded that the use of Lecturer Information Systems statistically shows that it is quite effective. After getting the results of the value of each variable, a summary of recommendations will be given based on the smallest value in the sub-variables in each variable that received dissatisfied and very dissatisfied responses from the average questionnaire value.

Optimal Design of Combined Sewer Overflows Interception Facilities Based on the NSGA-III Algorithm

The interception facility is an important and frequently used measure for combined sewer overflow (CSO) control in city-scale drainage systems. The location and capacity of these facilities affects the pollution control efficiency and construction cost. Optimal design of these facilities is always an active research area in environmental engineering, and among candidate optimization methods, the simulation-optimization method is the most attractive method. However, time-consuming simulations of complex drainage system models (e.g., SWMM) make the simulation-optimization approach impractical. This paper proposes a new simulation-optimization method with new features of multithreading individual evaluation and fast data exchange by recoding SWMM with object-oriented programming. These new features extremely accelerate the optimization process. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is selected as the optimization framework for better performance in dealing with multi-objective optimization. The proposed method is used in the optimal design of a terminal CSO interception facility in Wuhan, China. Compared with empirically designed schemes, the optimized schemes can achieve better pollution control efficiency with less construction cost. Additionally, the time consumption of the optimization process is compressed from days to hours, making the proposed method practical.

Preliminary evaluation of the control effect of two predatory mite species on Eotetranychus sexmaculatus in rubber trees in Hainan Province, China

In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of predatory mites on controlling the rubber tree pest mite Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley) and explored basic application of the biocontrol technology “using predatory mites to control pest mites” to rubber trees. We selected two commercial species with high predation capacity from five species of predatory mites for further field-release tests. The results showed that among the five predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias‐Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) showed the highest and lowest daily average predation amounts on E. sexmaculatus, respectively, and that the commercial predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii (Athias‐Henriot) and Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) were demonstrated relatively high predation capacities on E. sexmaculatus and represent the ideal species for field release. Additionally, we found that field release by a hanging release sachet was suitable for a low field-population density of pest mites, and that predatory mites could be released at a dose of one sachet per tree and/or every other row or every other tree according to the actual situation of the pest mites. If the field population of E. sexmaculatus is at the peak egg-laying period, the release of A. swirskii should be top priority, which will lead to high control efficiency within 2 to 3 weeks. In case of low field-population density of E. sexmaculatus or a rainy season, top priority should be given to the release of N. barkeri, which might lead to high control efficiency within 3 to 4 weeks. The results showed that the release of A. swirskii had a more fast-acting effect with a higher control efficiency than N. barkeri at the early stage of release, whereas N. barkeri exhibited a better release effect with greater persistence than A. swirskii at the late stage of release.

ANALISIS BISNIS CENDERAMATA DAN JASA PERJALANAN WISATA MENGGUNAKAN BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS (BMC) DAN METODE PIECES

The use of information technology in the marketing of souvenirs and travel services based on the e-commerce concept can reach a wider market share via the internet. In the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, the dynamics of entrepreneurship are holistic, so they need to be studied contextually. This article aims to analyze the business processes of Souvenirs and Travel Services that are carried out conventionally using the Business Model Canvas to determine the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. Then analyze the aspects of Performance, Information, Economic, Control, Efficiency, and Services in Souvenirs and Travel Services businesses. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews, observation, and document study. Meanwhile, data processing uses triangulation techniques. This study indicates that the adoption of information technology can support the operations of MSMEs in reducing marketing costs and providing convenience in terms of transactions and communication via digital platforms. Adopt the e-Commerce concept through the WordPress application, especially using the WooCommerce plugin and 3CX Live Chat on the website has made the transaction process and communication easier between sellers and consumers. The convergence between traditional and digital businesses can improve the performance of MSMEs.Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dalam pemasaran bisnis cenderamata dan jasa perjalanan wisata berdasarkan konsep e-commerce dapat menjangkau pangsa pasar yang lebih luas melalui internet. Dalam konteks Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM), dinamika berwirausaha bersifat holistik sehingga perlu dikaji secara konstekstual. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis proses bisnis cenderamata dan jasa perjalanan wisata yang dilakukan secara konvensional menggunakan Business Model Canvas (BMC) untuk mengetahui kelebihan, kelemahan, ancaman dan peluang. Kemudian mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis aspek Performance, Information, Economic, Control, Efficiency, and Services (PIECES) pada usaha cenderamata dan jasa perjalanan wisata yang telah mengadopsi konsep e-commerce. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adopsi teknologi informasi dapat mendukung operasional UMKM dalam mereduksi biaya pemasaran serta memberikan kemudahan dalam hal transaksi maupun komunikasi melalui platform digital. Adopsi konsep e-commerce melalui aplikasi WordPress, khususnya penggunaan plugin WooCommerce dan 3CX Live Chat dalam website CV. Xindotour telah memudahkan proses transaksi dan komunikasi antara penjual dan konsumen.