animal body
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2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
T. V. Sevastianova ◽  
B. V. Usha

The article provides an overview of the global situation related to the problem of antibiotic resistance, the search for rational ways to solve the problem and proposals for the imperative introduction of functional feed additives into the nutritional plan of animals in order to increase the resistance of the animal body and reduce the toxic load on the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Thu Ha ◽  
Chalalai Rueanghiran ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huong Giang ◽  
Doan Phuong Thuy ◽  
Doan Hoang Phu ◽  
...  

There is a pressing need to establish surveillance systems for antimicrobial use (AMU) intended for animal production particularly in many low- and middle-income countries. This is an extremely challenging task, notably due to the wide range of animal species, production types and antimicrobials available in the market. In Vietnam, farmers commonly buy antimicrobials from veterinary drug shops. Therefore, veterinary drug shops are a potential target for data collection on AMU. We collected antimicrobial sales data at veterinary drug shops and estimated the amount of AMU in different animal species by antimicrobial active ingredient (AAI) class using different measurement metrics. We compiled information on all antimicrobials licensed in Vietnam and used this information to develop a mobile application to capture sales of antimicrobials intended for use in poultry, pig, and ruminant. We provided tablets with this application to 60 veterinary drug shops in two provinces of the country (Bac Giang in the north, Dong Thap in the south; three districts and 30 shops per province) for data collection over 3 weeks. Total sales of antimicrobials were extrapolated to 1 year, and these amounts were related to three different denominator estimates in each province including standing animal body weight, animal biomass, and Population Correction Unit (PCU). A total of 3,960 transactions [2,577 (median 75.5 per shop) in Bac Giang; 1,383 (median 28.5 per shop) in Dong Thap] of 831 different antimicrobial-containing products were recorded in the 3-week period. Sales of 57 AAIs belonging to 17 classes were recorded. In the three Bac Giang districts, we estimated that 242.0 kg of AAI were hypothetically sold over 1 year. Of those, 202.2 kg (83.6%) were intended for poultry, 19.8 kg (8.1%) for pigs, and 20.0 kg (8.3%) for ruminants. In Dong Thap, an estimated 48.4 kg of antimicrobials were sold, including 28.9 kg (59.7%) for poultry, 16.0 kg (33.1%) for pigs, and 3.5 kg (7.2%) for ruminants. After standardized by different animal population denominators, AMU in Bac Giang amounted to 1129.2 mg/kg standing animal body weight, 480.2 mg/kg biomass, and 636.1 mg/kg PCU. In Dong Thap, AMU figures were 1211.0 mg/kg standing animal body weight, 595.8 mg/kg biomass and 818.5 mg/kg PCU. We discuss the observed differences between species, location and metrics, as well as the potential advantages and limitations (including potential sources of bias) of this methodology and its applicability at country level. Retail level data collection can effectively be integrated into AMU surveillance systems that help identify priority AMU management areas (species, regions, and antimicrobial classes), establish national benchmarks and reduction targets.


2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-111
Author(s):  
Martin R. Smith ◽  
Alavya Dhungana

Exceptionally preserved fossils are key to reconstructing the origin of the modern animal body plans in the Cambrian radiation. The Panarthropod phyla Euarthropoda, Onychophora and Tardigrada have roots in a ‘lobopodian’ grade typified by broadly cylindrical organisms with sclerotized dorsal plates and paired ventral projections. A similar anatomical configuration has been taken to link certain palaeoscolecid worms with the earliest ecdysozoans. Shi et al. (2021) contend that these similarities evolved convergently, and that palaeoscolecids are priapulan relatives with little bearing on the panarthropod evolution.Here we show that this conclusion holds only under a particular treatment of inapplicable character states with known shortcomings. When inapplicable tokens are handled more rigorously, palaeoscolecids are most parsimoniously reconstructed as stem-group panarthropods with homologous dorsal plates and ventral projections – highlighting the degree to which the treatment of inapplicable data can influence fundamental evolutionary conclusions. As the position of palaeoscolecids depends so strongly on the underlying methodology, and is highly uncertain under a Bayesian approach, we consider it premature to exclude the possibility that panarthropods evolved from a grade of palaeoscolecids with dorsal plates and ventral projections.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16419522


Author(s):  
Gina Matteo

While extensive research has been done by animal rights activists, philosophers, and interdisciplinary academics on the animal body in moments of crisis, there is little analysis and exploration of this topic in the comics form. Through engaging in the comics form (both as a maker and scholar), I argue that comics offer a unique perspective to consider body and space, especially regarding human-animal relationships in our current moment in time. The comics form offers the ability for scholarship and theory to unfold and layer beyond textual analysis; with the use of both text and image, comics not only explore topics, but reposition them to cultivate new meanings. For this project I aim to not only unpack human-animal relationships through themes of body and space, but to also demonstrate why the comics form is especially useful when understanding these topics. In employing the comics form, I aim to explore questions like: How does the comics form allow the reader to engage with theory? Why is the comics form pertinent to understanding human-animal relationships today? How are animal bodies and identities considered as living beings during the COVID-19 crisis? How are their bodies constructed and dismantled in spaces that have been created and defined by the COVID-19 crisis? My source material consists of interdisciplinary modern, spatial, and animal theory, as well as comic analysis and theory. In using the comics form and theoretical approaches to explore body and space, this project aims to add a new intervention into the comics realm, demonstrates how the comics form must be a considered approach in animal rights and spatial academia, and offers a new lens in understanding how we can use comics as a method to approach body, space, and the COVID-19 crisis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Nóbrega ◽  
Maria Aires Pereira ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Isabel Brás ◽  
Ana Cristina Mega ◽  
...  

Veterinary physiology is a basic curricular unit for every course within the veterinary field. It is mandatory to understand how the animal body works, and what to expect of a healthy body, in order to recognize any misfunction, and to be able to treat it. Classic physiology teaching involves wet labs, much equipment, many reagents, some animals, and a lot of time. But times are changing. In the 21st century, it is expected that the teaching and learning process can be more active and attractive, motivating students to learn better. It is necessary to understand what students like, and to introduce novelties into the school routine. The use of a game-based learning, using “new” technologies, creating virtual experiences and labs, reducing the costs of reagents, equipment, and especially reducing the use of animals, will be the future for physiology teaching.


Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852110497
Author(s):  
Chris Shilling

The sociology of the body developed as a reaction against Cartesian conceptions of homo clausus that haunted disciplinary thought in the late 20th century but exhibited anthropocentric tendencies in neglecting non-human animals. Building upon recent attempts to address this situation, I develop a transactional approach towards body pedagogics that explores how the shifting borders governing human–animal relations influence people’s embodied identities. Transactions between humans and (other) animals have been an historic constant across contrasting societies, but the patterning of these exchanges is framed by specific cultural body pedagogics. Focusing on the institutional means, characteristic experiences and corporeal outcomes of ‘civilising’ and ‘companionate’ human–animal body pedagogics, I explore the identity-shaping impact of these different modalities of inter-species inter-corporeality and demonstrate the sociological utility of this transactional approach.


Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Olev Vinn

Polychaete annelids are a very important group of calcifiers in the modern oceans. They can produce calcite, aragonite, and amorphous phosphates. Serpulids possess very diverse tube ultra-structures, several unique to them. Serpulid tubes are composed of aragonite or calcite or a mixture of both polymorphs. The serpulid tubes with complex oriented microstructures, such as lamello fibrillar, are exclusively calcitic, whereas tubes with prismatic structures can be composed either of calcite or aragonite. In serpulids, the calcareous opercula also have complex microstructures. Evolutionarily, calcitic serpulid taxa belong to one clade and the aragonitic taxa belong to another clade. Modern ocean acidification affects serpulid biomineralization. Serpulids are capable of biomineralization in extreme environments, such as the deepest part (hadal zone) of the ocean. The tubes of calcareous sabellids are aragonitic and have two layers, the inner irregular spherulitic prismatic layer and the outer spherulitic layer. The tube wall of cirratulids is composed of aragonitic lamellae with a spherulitic prismatic structure. In some other polychaetes, biominerals are formed in different parts of the animal body, such as chaetae or body shields, or occur within the body as granule-shaped or rod-shaped inclusions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 364-364
Author(s):  
Joseane Padilha ◽  
Arthur Fernandes ◽  
Joao R Dorea ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
Guilherme J Rosa

Abstract Computer vision has been proposed as an alternative to monitor livestock growth, for example using 3D cameras to estimate body weight and condition. However, implementing this technology outdoors and with unrestrained animals poses a great challenge, because of harsh conditions for the equipment, as well as varying lighting and animal movement. Here we propose an automated system to acquire 3D images of individual animals, integrate the animal ID in the image file, and process images. This comprises a fundamental step for implementing a real-time assessment tool of growth of animals grouped in pens, to aid optimal feed management and marketing decision. The study comprised 50 beef cattle of Nellore breed during a finishing phase at DSM Innovation and Applied Center, in Brazil. Animals were tagged with RFID eartags, and 5 Intel RealSense D435 cameras were installed on the top of the water sources in each pen. For each animal approaching the water tank, an RFID antenna read the animal ID and triggered the camera to acquire a top-down view image. Images were then sent to a central computer using Wi-Fi, and later to the cloud. A decision tree algorithm was trained to sort images as usable or unusable, where the retained images had one single animal on the frame, with full body and relatively straight position. Selected frames were then processed using a threshold Otsu’s method to segment the animal body and obtain the necessary biological features, including body length, multiple width and height values, body area and volume. A total of 16,000+ images were collected, from which 3,100 were deemed usable. The algorithm successfully extracted the animal body from each image and obtained the biological features (cross-correlation values above 0.90). The proposed system was demonstrated to be extremely promising and the next stage of the study will be devoted to individual body weight prediction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Ibar Anugrah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Ahmad Yani

Humans utilize various biological resources to fulfill their daily needs, such as food, medicines, traditional ritual, mystical, regional arts, and hunting. Dayak Benyadu, located in Untang Village, Banyuke Hulu District, Landak Regency, is a Dayak tribe with cultural values inherited from their ancestors by generation. One of the cultures that still run until now is animals as medicine, traditional ritual, and mystical. This research aims to obtain data on animal species used as medicine, traditional ritual, and mystic, the animal body parts used, how to process, and how to use them. The method used in this research is the survey method, the selection of respondents conducted by snowball sampling techniques, and data collection used the questionnaire. Fourteen respondents obtained this research, eight animal species from 8 families used as a medicine, three species from 3 families used as traditional ritual, and three species from 3 families used as mystical by Dayak Benyadu community. The animal body parts used for treatment are flesh, spines, bile, legs, and blood. Variation of processing animals was scraped, dried, broken, roasted, boiled, and cooked. How to use the animal's body parts are drunk and eaten. The parts used for traditional rituals are the whole body and blood. The parts that are used for mystical values are the voice and the whole body.Keywords: Dayak Benyadu, Traditional ritual, Untang Village.AbstrakPemanfaatan berbagai sumber daya alam hayati dilakukan oleh manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya sehari-hari.  Pemanfaatan yang digunakan yaitu sebagai makanan, obat-obatan, ritual adat, mistis, kesenian daerah, dan berburu. Suku Dayak Benyadu, yang terletak di Desa Untang, Kecamatan Banyuke Hulu, Kabupaten Landak, adalah Suku Dayak yang masih menjalankan nilai-nilai budaya yang diwariskan dari leluhur mereka secara turun-temurun. Salah satu budaya yang masih berjalan hingga sekarang adalah memanfaatkan satwa sebagai obat, ritual adat dan mistis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data jenis satwa yang digunakan sebagai obat, ritual adat dan mistis, bagian-bagian yang digunakan, cara pengolahan dan cara penggunaannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Penelitian ini diperoleh 14 responden terpilih dan diperoleh 8 jenis satwa dari 8 famili yang digunakan sebagai obat, 3 jenis satwa dari 3 famili yang digunakan sebagai ritual adat dan 3 jenis satwa dari 3 famili yang digunakan  untuk mistis oleh masyarakat Dayak Benyadu. Bagian tubuh yang digunakan untuk pengobatan adalah daging, duri, empedu, kaki, dan darah. Cara pengolahan satwa tersebut bervariasi, ada yang dikikis, dikeringkan, dipecah, dibakar, direbus, dan dimasak. Cara menggunakan bagian tubuh satwa tersebut diminum dan dimakan. Bagian yang digunakan untuk ritual adat adalah  seluruh badan dan darah. Bagian yang dimanfaatkan untuk nilai mistis adalah suara dan seluruh badan.  Kata Kunci: Dayak Benyadu, Desa Untang, Ritual Adat.


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