(Re)Production of Inequality in the School System? A Comparison of Croatia’s and Austria’s Concepts of Plurilingualism

In Croatia‘s and Austria’s educational systems, plurilingual students have long had the status of a priority group, and thus give us the impression of readiness in facing the "problem" of dynamics of society as the greatest challenge of all – whether as national minorities or students who, as refugees in accompanied or without parents, come to one of these countries in search of a better life. In both countries, concepts have been developed and laws aimed at integrating plurilingual children into regular classes as soon as possible, encouraging them to learn the language of the majority population first, while neglecting their backgrounds and the potential they carry. By reviewing and comparing concepts, laws, and regulations that deal with all aspects of the phenomenon of plurilingualism – from the structure and manner of distribution of plurilingual children in classrooms, through the training of teachers who teach them, to the image of them in society, the paper will try to answer the question to what extent these states are ready for the multi- and plurilingual reality that surrounds us.

Ageism Predicts Prioritizing COVID-19 Vaccines for Older Adults and LTC Residents

Ageism and ageistic stereotypes regarding older adults have become widespread and influence many policies and practices. Benevolent ageism includes attitudes or behaviors that appear overtly positive but are actually patronizing (Cary et al., 2017). Hostile ageism, usually expressed through negative stereotypes, highlights older adults' poor physical and mental functioning (Cary et al., 2017). The aim of the current study was to examine the role of benevolent and hostile ageism on perceptions of vaccination priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger longitudinal study on perceptions of aging, measures of benevolent and hostile ageism were collected in January 2020, before the pandemic began in the US. In March 2021, the same participants were asked to identify top vaccine priorities by ranking groups (e.g., adults 65 and older, school teachers, etc.). Participants who put older adults in the lowest priority group expressed more benevolent ageism before the pandemic than those who put older adults in the top priority group, F(2, 88) = 3.93, p < .05. Participants who put older adults in the lowest priority group expressed more hostile ageism prior to the pandemic, compared to those who put older adults in the top priority group, F(2, 88) = -3.34, p < .05. Similar to Vale and colleague (2020) findings, our results suggest that ageism influences people's ideas about triage for the vaccine. Notably, neither form of ageism related to prioritization for other high-risk groups, including members of racial/ethnic minority groups or health care workers.

Comparison of Polydrug Use Prevalences and Typologies between Men Who Have Sex with Men and General Population Men, in Madrid and Barcelona

This study compares the prevalence of drug use and the typologies of polydrug use (PDU) in men who have sex with men (MSM) and general population men (GPM). Participants were men aged 16–64, living in the provinces of Madrid and Barcelona: 1720 were recruited in a GPM survey, and 2658 were HIV-negative MSM from HIV/STIs diagnosis services. Lifetime and last-year prevalence of drug use and prevalence ratios (PRs) of MSM to GPM for the different drugs were calculated using Poisson regression. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify typologies of PDU. Lifetime use of the drugs considered was higher in MSM, and even higher for drug use in the last-year: PRs for cannabis, hallucinogens and cocaine ranged from 2–5; for amphetamine, ecstasy and methamphetamine 12–16; and above 60 for ketamine, GHB/GBL, inhalants and mephedrone. In the LCA for lifetime PDU four classes arose from the GPM (No-PDU (79.6%); Conventional PDU (13.8%); Intensive conventional PDU (4.9%); Heavy PDU (1.8%)) and four among MSM (No-PDU (57.7%); Conventional PDU plus poppers (18.8%); PDU preferring chemsex drugs (6.4%); Heavy PDU (17.2%)). For PDU during the last-year, three classes arose in the GPM: No-PDU (94.7%); Conventional PDU (4.3%); Heavy PDU (0.9%). For MSM, we identified four classes: No-PDU (64.7%); Conventional PDU plus poppers (15.6%); PDU preferring chemsex drugs (6.2%); Heavy PDU (13.5%). MSM should be considered a priority group for the prevention of the use of all drugs but the heterogeneity of PDU typologies regarding users’ preference towards conventional and/or sexualised drugs needs to be taken into account.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a priority group representative of bacteria with multiple antibiotic resistance

The aim: the aim of the research is an analytical review of the scientific literature on Рseudomonas aeruginosa as a priority group representative of bacteria with multiple antibiotics resistance. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V. I. Vernadsky and others. Results. The problem of antibiotic resistance is rightly called the “apocalypse of the XXI century”. P. aeruginosa bacteria are characterized by a very high natural ability to form resistant forms to antimicrobial drugs due to the formation of specific resistance genes, the ability to resist the entry of antibiotics into the cell or remove antibiotics from the cell, and form biofilms. A characteristic feature of the epidemic and epizootic processes of P. aeruginosa, as an opportunistic ubiquitous microorganism is host-pathogenic interaction - the interaction of the pathogen with the host organism. The peculiarity of this bacterium is opportunism and long-term persistence in the body of the host and in the environment. The global trend towards the spread of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, underscores the need to develop comprehensive response strategies targeting all sectors of health. Conclusions. Bacteria P. aeruginosa is classified in 1th Critical Group of the WHO list of resistant to antibiotics "priority pathogens". Among the main reasons that contribute to the emergence of resistance are irrational antibiotic therapy in both humans and animals, and the use of antibiotics as growth stimulants in animal husbandry. While more R&D is vital, alone, it cannot solve the problem. To address resistance, there must also be better prevention of infections and appropriate use of existing antibiotics in humans and animals, as well as rational use of any new antibiotics that are developed in future. New methods of combating antibiotic resistance and antibacterial substances, alternatives to antibiotics (biofilm-destroying drugs, antimicrobial peptides (AMP), bacteriophages, nanopreparations, etc.) can make a positive contribution to overcoming the multiple drug resistance of gram-negatives

European Association of Urology COVID intermediate prioritisation group is poorly predictive of pathological high- risk among patients with renal tumours

Introduction The purpose of prioritisation is to minimise harm while safeguarding access to health care in times of reduced resources. The EAU Guideline Office Rapid Reaction Group (GORRG) issued priority recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated if the clinical prioritisation for suspected renal cell carcinoma (RCC) planned for surgery matched final pathological risk. Methods From 23 March 2020 until 10 October 2020, patients with suspected RCC were prioritised according to GORGG recommendations. To increase statistical power, GORGG prioritisation was also retrospectively assigned to pre-lockdown RCC surgical cases. The priority group was assessed according to GORGG guidelines, and postoperative risk was assessed according to 2003 Leibovich scores. We evaluated concordance between GORGG prioritisation and post-operative risk, and if stratification could be further improved by subgrouping of size. Results 351 patients with suspected RCC were prioritised and underwent surgery. The intermediate priority group showed poor concordance, with 25.7% and 16.4% being pathological low and high risk, respectively. The low priority group harboured 14.9% intermediate and 1.06% high risk RCC. Within the EAU intermediate group, 34.2% of cT1b tumours were low risk, and 32.3% of cT2a tumours high risk. Analysing at 1 cm increments, 45.1% of 4-5cm tumours were low risk. Conclusions The recommended prioritisation system can be error prone and should be prudently applied based on the centre’s needs. Particularly amongst the intermediate group, centres with clinical capacity should not defer intervention of cT2a tumours for longer than absolutely necessary and in severely limited resources may consider intermediate priority tumours < 5cm as low priority.

HEALTH HAZARDS AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITY OF SUGARCANE CUTTER WOMEN MIGRANTS OF MAHARASHTRA STATE

According to the Maharashtra Economic Survey Report 2018-19, about 36% of the country's sugar factories are in Maharashtra. Every year thousands of women from the asset poor regions migrate to the sugar belt of Maharashtra and Karnataka to cut cane with their husband in the form of Koyata owing to the practice of hiring couples. Migrant cane cutters especially women are most vulnerable and continue to suffer from a number of health and security risks. The vulnerable working conditions and demand of hard labour work affects the health of women. The study will throw a spotlight to reveal a range of health hazards and social vulnerability in migrants’ life. It will aid for a better inclusion of sugarcane cutter women migrants in India. It will help society to rethink about this underprivileged group and insist government and policymakers to recognize this population as a priority group for ensuring rights and entitlements. It will present coping strategies to reduce occupational health hazards and social vulnerability of women migrants.