lower bowel
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2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. S543
Author(s):  
V. Li Marzi ◽  
S. Morselli ◽  
F. Di Maida ◽  
S. Musco ◽  
L. Gemma ◽  
...  
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2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-232
Author(s):  
Mark T Whary ◽  
Chuanwu Wang ◽  
Catherine F Ruff ◽  
Mallory J DiVincenzo ◽  
Caralyn Labriola ◽  
...  

Helicobacter bilis (Hb) causes hepatitis in some strains of inbred mice. The current study confirmed that Hb directly causes portal hepatitis in outbred gnotobiotic Swiss Webster (SW) mice, as we previously reported for conventional SW mice. Hbmonoassociated SW mice also developed mild enterocolitis, expanded gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and tertiary lymphoid tissue in the lower bowel. At 1 and 10 mo after infection, Hb-induced GALT hyperplasia exhibited well-organized, ectopic germinal centers with increased mononuclear cell apoptosis, MHC class II antigen presentation, and pronounced endothelial venule formation, consistent with features of tertiary lymphoid tissue. In the lower bowel, Hb induced mainly B220+ cells as well as CD4+ IL17+, CD4+ IFNγ+, and CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and significantly increased IL10 mRNA expression. This gnotobiotic model confirmed that Hb causes portal hepatitis in outbred SW mice but stimulated GALT with an antiinflammatory bias. Because Hb had both anti- and proinflammatory effects on GALT, it should be considered a 'pathosymbiont provocateur' and merits further evaluation in mouse models of human disease.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ulin Nuri Mauludiyah

The study aims to lower bowel behavior in the pants (soiling) of children. The subject is 9 year old boy. Researchers intervene using the challenge board as a medium to lower the behavior. The Challenge board is a medium that is developed by the rules of the response cost technique. This therapy is preceded by providing explanation to the subject about how to defecate well and correctly. Then proceed by making a deal that the behavior of defecation in the pants (soiling) must be changed, before enters in the stage of completing the given challenges. The method used in research is qualitative with a case study approach. The results of this study show that the use of the Challenge Board is effective to lower bowel behavior in the pants (soiling) on the subject.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Digby ◽  
Judith A. Strachan ◽  
Craig Mowat ◽  
Robert J. C. Steele ◽  
Callum G. Fraser

Abstract Background Many patients present in primary care with lower bowel symptoms, but significant bowel disease (SBD), comprising colorectal cancer (CRC), advanced adenoma (AA), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is uncommon. Quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT), which examine faecal haemoglobin concentrations (f-Hb), assist in deciding who would benefit from colonoscopy. Incorporation of additional variables in an individual risk-score might improve this approach. We investigated if the published f-Hb, age and sex test score (FAST score) added value. Methods Data from the first year of routine use of FIT in primary care in one NHS Board in Scotland were examined: f-Hb was estimated using one HM-JACKarc FIT system (Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with a cut-off for positivity ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces. 5660 specimens were received for analysis in the first year. 4072 patients were referred to secondary care: 2881 (70.6%) of these had returned a FIT specimen. Of those referred, 1447 had colonoscopy data as well as the f-Hb result (group A): 2521 patients, also with f-Hb, were not immediately referred (group B). The FAST score was assessed in both groups. Results 1196 (41.7%) of patients who returned a specimen for FIT analysis had f-Hb ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces. In group A, 252 of 296 (85.1%) with SBD had f-Hb > 10 μg Hb/g faeces, as did 528 of 1151 (45.8%) without SBD. Using a FAST score > 2.12, which gives high clinical sensitivity for CRC, only 1143 would have been referred for colonoscopy (21.0% reduction in demand): 286 of 296 (96.6%) with SBD had a positive FAST score, as did 857 of 1151 (74.5%) without SBD. However, one CRC, five AA and four IBD would have been missed. In group B, although 95.2% had f-Hb < 10 μg Hb/g faeces, 1371 (53.7%) had FAST score ≥ 2.12: clinical rationale led to only 122 of group B completing subsequent bowel investigations: a FAST score > 2.12 was found in 13 of 15 (86.7%) with SBD. Conclusions The performance characteristics of the FAST score did not seem to enhance the utility of f-Hb alone. Locally-derived formulae might confer desired benefits.


2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 1042-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongming Ge ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
Alexander Sheh ◽  
Sureshkumar Muthupalani ◽  
Guanyu Gong ◽  
...  
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Author(s):  
Jayne Digby ◽  
Robert JC Steele ◽  
Judith A Strachan ◽  
Craig Mowat ◽  
Annie S Anderson ◽  
...  

Background Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin have been recommended to assist in assessment of patients presenting in primary care with lower bowel symptoms. The aim was to assess if, and which, additional variables might enhance this use of faecal immunochemical tests. Methods Faecal immunochemical test analysis has been a NHS Tayside investigation since December 2015. During the first year, 993 patients attending colonoscopy were invited to complete a detailed questionnaire on demographic background, symptoms, smoking status, alcohol use, dietary fibre, red and processed meat intake, physical activity, sitting time, dietary supplement use, family history of colorectal cancer, adenoma, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. Significant bowel disease was classified as colorectal cancer, advanced adenoma or inflammatory bowel disease. Results A total of 470 (47.3%) invitees agreed to complete the questionnaire and 408 (41.1%) did. Unadjusted odds ratios for the presence of significant bowel disease compared with undetectable faecal haemoglobin increased with increasing faecal haemoglobin and for faecal haemoglobin 10–49, 50–199, 200–399 and ⩾400 μg Hb/g faeces were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.16–5.63), 2.47 (0.55–1.03), 6.30 (1.08–36.65) and 18.90 (4.22–84.62), respectively. Rectal bleeding and family history of polyps were the only other variables with statistically significant ( P < 0.05) odds ratios greater than 1.00, being 1.88 (1.13–3.17) and 2.93 (1.23–6.95), respectively. Odds ratios adjusted for all other variables showed similar associations, but only faecal haemoglobin and family history of polyps had significant associations. Conclusions Faecal haemoglobin is the most important factor to be considered when deciding which patients presenting in primary care with lower bowel symptoms would benefit most from referral for colonoscopy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Aadal ◽  
Jesper Mortensen ◽  
Simone Kellenberger ◽  
Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen

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