The Unified Combatant Command System: Centerpiece of the 1986 U.S. Armed Forces Reforms

This article highlights the pivotal nature of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 regarding reforms made in the armed forces of the United States. The unified combatant command system is often seen as the centerpiece of these reforms. The goal of this study is to examine whether the unified combatant command system, which consists of 11 Joint combatant commands within the U.S. Department of Defense, indeed constitutes the centerpiece of these reforms. To fully answer this research question, the study presented here first examines the modern reforms of the U.S. armed forces to provide a solid foundation for subsequent research. It will be concluded that Goldwater-Nichols was the reform most directly relevant to this study. The majority of the article is then devoted to an examination of the 11 combatant commands, identifying how each contributes to the achievement of the goals laid out by Goldwater-Nichols. The author concludes that these 11 unified combatant commands constitute the centerpiece of, and provide the most essential toolset for, the achievement of Goldwater-Nichols.

The Phenomenon of Bilingualism in Slovakia

The present chapter deals with the phenomenon of bilingualism in Slovakia in general and the concept of so-called intentional bilingualism in particular. This approach has been gaining popularity and has been implemented in monolingual countries of Europe, with the Slovak Republic being no exception. Several studies on successful implementation of intentional bilingualism in monolingual settings in Slovakia have been published in the literature. First, the theoretical background is presented and the relevant literature is reviewed. Intentional bilingualism is defined, the forms of bilingualism in Slovakia are depicted, possible benefits of bilingualism and some prejudices against it, as well as methods of bilingual upbringing in families, are described. The subsequent research part presents a narrative family case study on intentional bilingualism. The bilingual upbringing of a child in a monolingual culture is described and conclusions are outlined.

COLLATING EVIDENCE FOR A UNIVERSAL METHOD OF STABILITY ASSESSMENT OR GUIDANCE

This paper reviews two related projects conducted for the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, and collates their findings with additional casualty data, in an attempt to promote a simple method of safety assessment. The method was developed by the author during research conducted for the Maritime and Coastguard Agency. It was evaluated in a subsequent research project, where the recommendations were that it was not worthy of adoption or further development for regulatory purposes. Contrary to that evaluation, the method has received supportive comments from a number of naval architects, and this paper is offered as a means of presenting it more widely to the industry. Individuals may wish to use the method to assess their own designs, or to provide some simple safety guidance to operators.

Postprandial hypotension: lessons from Sir Roger Bannister's textbook

In the fourth and final article of the Neurocardiology series, Helen Cowan looks at postprandial hypotension as described in Sir Roger Bannister's textbook and subsequent research.

MACROPHYTIC DIVERSITY OF SOME WETLANDS OF JAMMU REGION, J&K, INDIA

The present ecological investigation communicates the macrophytic diversity of six wetlands of Jammu region comprising of three lacustrine wetlands viz. Surinsar, Mansar and Sanasar and three riverine wetlands i.e., Gharana, Kukarian and Pargwal. A total of 43 macrophytic species belonging to 34 genera and 24 families with 30 monocot species and 13 dicots were recorded, thereby showing the dominance of monocot flora. Among various ecological groups, emergent with 22 species showed qualitative dominance over submersed (13 species) and rooted floatingleaved types=free-floating types (4 species each). The present study revealed that there is no well-marked variation in the macrophytic groups among the studied wetlands and mostly mixed distribution was observed. Maximum macrophytic diversity was recorded in Mansar wetland (26) followed by Pargwal (22), Surinsar (16), Gharana (14), Kukarian (14) and Sanasar (11). The present study provides a baseline information on the macropytes of wetlands for subsequent research on the vital aspects of these aquatic ecosystems and would be helpful in planning management strategies.

MAPPING POLITICAL THEORY USING BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Politics is a discipline of science that is part of social science. What distinguishes political science from other social sciences is the object studied. The development of research on the theory of political science and politics becomes a question in this paper. Topic mapping and topic classification based on keywords, countries, and themes discussed were the main focus of this research, including visual density based on keywords, showing the level of saturation political science theory. In this study, the data used were data that had been downloaded from the Scopus database with several limitations to limit and be more specific to the results of the discussion. After the documents to be reviewed and analyzed are bibliographical using the VOSViewer and NVivo 12 Plus software, the data is exported .CSV and .RIS formats. This study aims to provide insights into subsequent research on the theory of political science

Translation policy

The translation policy model by González Núñez (2013, 475) comprises three elements, namely “translation management”, “translation practices”, and “translation beliefs”. While the first two elements of this model are straightforward and easy to study in top-down approaches, translation beliefs can relate both to policymakers and policy receivers. However, the distinction has not been clearly made in this model and the element of translation beliefs has been chiefly treated in the literature as though it comes from the top levels of policymaking, hence overlooking the bottom-up aspects of it (see González Núñez 2014, 2016; Li et al. 2017). In order to improve this model, the present paper draws on the audience reception theory (Hall 1973), and shows that the current translation policy model requires a fourth element that I would call ‘translation reception’. The paper draws on the findings of a reception-oriented case study on translation policies in provincial broadcasting in Iran. This study argues that a more inclusive model of translation policy should not only include the authority-level elements of translation management, translation practices, and translation beliefs, but also the element of translation reception on the part of policy receivers. This way, I hope, the end users’ involvement in and contribution to the translation policy network will not be overlooked in subsequent research.

Development of an instrument to measure opportunities for imagination, creativity, and innovation (ICI) in schools

This article describes the development of an instrument for examining schools as institutions where teaching practices and school structures provide opportunities and support for student imagination, creativity, and innovation, as well as initial comparisons using the instrument, using a sample of n = 5020 students and n = 268 teachers ( n = 161 classes of students nested within teachers). The three five-item subscales show acceptable reliability across groups (.73–.90). Paired sample t tests indicate that, on average, students reported significantly more opportunities for creativity as compared to imagination or innovation. There were also significant differences between actual student reports and teachers’ predictions only for creativity and innovation. Students reported more opportunities for creativity and innovation than their teachers predicted. However, students reported significantly less opportunity for imagination, creativity, and innovation than their teachers’ ideals. Implications for subsequent research and practice are also discussed.

Traditional Medicinal plants Used for the Treatment of Cancer in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Medicinal plants have aided in the establishment and expansion of the modern healthcare system. Plants with medicinal potential are still the only way forward, as their acceptance and recognition spread over the globe. Ethnobotany is an interdisciplinary field that studies how people use plants in their daily lives. Nigeria accounted for roughly 20% of Africa's population and slightly more than half of West Africa's projected 681,000 new cancer cases in 2008, accounting for roughly 20% of the continent's population and slightly more than half of West Africa's. For pharmaceutical exploration and conservation, it is important to document the use of medicinal plants in a specific region across time. The study's goal was to find out which plants were used to treat Cancer in Mubi, Northern eastern part of Nigeria. An open ended interview was employed with no sampling size selection. Used Value (UV), Fidelity level (FL) and Relative frequency of citation (RFC) were used to determine the most important and effective plants used for treatment of cancer. Ten plants were documented with Neolamarckia cadamba has 0.9, 1 and 100 % of UV, RFC and FL, respectively. The study will serve as a foundation for subsequent research into developing natural medicine or modern medications to prevent the extinction of the species.

First Molecular Superconductor with the Tris(Oxalato)Aluminate Anion, β″-(BEDT-TTF)4(H3O)Al(C2O4)3·C6H5Br, and Isostructural Tris(Oxalato)Cobaltate and Tris(Oxalato)Ruthenate Radical Cation Salts

Peter Day’s research group reported the first molecular superconductor containing paramagnetic metal ions in 1995, β″-(BEDT-TTF)4(H3O)Fe(C2O4)3·C6H5CN. Subsequent research has produced a multitude of BEDT-TTF-tris(oxalato)metallate salts with a variety of structures and properties, including 32 superconductors to date. We present here the synthesis, crystal structure, and conducting properties of the newest additions to the Day series including the first superconductor incorporating the diamagnetic tris(oxalato)aluminate anion, β″-(BEDT-TTF)4(H3O)Al(C2O4)3·C6H5Br, which has a superconducting Tc of ~2.5 K. β″-(BEDT-TTF)4(H3O)Co(C2O4)3·C6H5Br represents the first example of a β″ phase for the tris(oxalato)cobaltate anion, but this salt does not show superconductivity.