PANORAMA DA EVOLUÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL ENTRE 2006 E 2017

PANORAMA DA EVOLUÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL ENTRE 2006 E 2017 CÉSAR DE OLIVEIRA FERREIRA SILVA1; FERNANDO FERRARI PUTTI2 E RODRIGO LILLA MANZIONE3 1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista", Avenida Universitária, n° 3780, Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua. Domingos da Costa Lopes, nº 780, Jardim Itaipu, 17602-496, Tupã, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected]. 3 Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua. Domingos da Costa Lopes, nº 780, Jardim Itaipu, 17602-496, Tupã, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O presente estudo buscou contribuir no debate sobre a situação da irrigação no Brasil, dando ênfase na região Sudeste. Buscou-se entender, a partir dos dados dos Censos Agropecuários do IBGE de 2006 e 2017, quais direções a agricultura irrigada tomou no Sudeste do Brasil durante esse período. Houve aumento na área irrigada no Brasil em todas as regiões geográficas, atingindo 6,9 milhões de hectares (Mha) em 2017. No período 2006-17 a expansão da área irrigada no estado de Minas Gerais foi de 616 mil hectares, em São Paulo foi de 321 mil hectares e de 155 mil hectares no Espírito Santo. Na região Sudeste a irrigação por gotejamento é majoritária em área, com 25% da área irrigada, seguida de forma acirrada pela irrigação por aspersão (24%) e por pivô central (23%). A área irrigada na região Sudeste, segundo o Censo 2017, é destinada majoritariamente para cultivo de lavouras temporárias (48%), lavouras permanentes (29%), horticultura e floricultura (14%) e pecuária (10%). Essas informações são importantes para o planejamento do crescimento sustentável da agricultura irrigada e o uso eficiente dos recursos hídricos. Palavras-chave: área irrigada, Censo Agropecuário; métodos de irrigação. SILVA, C. O. F.; PUTTI, F. F.; MANZIONE, R. L. OVERVIEW OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE EVOLUTION IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL BETWEEN 2006 AND 2017 2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to contribute to the debate about the current situation of irrigation in Brazil, with emphasis on the Southeast region. Based on data from the IBGE Agricultural Censuses of 2006 and 2017, we aimed to understand which directions irrigated agriculture has taken in Southeastern Brazil during this period. There was an increase in the irrigated area in Brazil in all geographical regions, reaching 6.9 million hectares (Mha) in 2017. In the period 2006-17, the expansion of the irrigated area in the state of Minas Gerais was 616,000 hectares, in São Paulo it was 321,000 hectares and 155,000 hectares in Espírito Santo. In the Southeast region, drip irrigation is the majority in the area, with 25% of the area irrigated, followed by sprinkler irrigation (24%) and central pivot (23%). The irrigated area in the Southeast region, according to the 2017 Census, is mostly for temporary crops (48%), permanent crops (29%), horticulture and floriculture (14%), and livestock (10%). These information are important for planning the sustainable expansion of irrigated agriculture and efficient water use. Keywords: irrigated area, census of agriculture, irrigation methods.

Analysis of the racial profile of women with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study about evolution to death of black women in the southeast region of Brazil

Introduction: The first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case in Brazil was registered in December 2019. Since then, an important social situation has been highlighted. Black women correspond to the highest death rate, by group, in the Southeast even not occupying the highest percentage of diagnosis. This scenario was also experienced in other places around the world. Therefore, some questions must be highlighted, such as social and economic vulnerability of black population in brazilian territory, less access to health service and testing for Covid-19. Objective: This study analyzed the clinical picture and evolution - cure or death-of black women with COVID-19 in the Southeast region. In addition, consolidating knowledge about the factors that precede death in black women and comparing them with other race groups. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the Ministry of Health's Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) from March to November 23, 2020, with a total number of women classified as level 5, with SARS caused by the virus SARS-Cov-2, equal to 33,991, being 21,551 white and 12,063 black. Results and Conclusion: Therefore, black women present themselves as a vulnerable group in relation to COVID-19. This group was less present in the ICU, but both groups, white and black women, had dyspnea as an aggravating factor. Considering those facts, it's possible that black women had less access, this would explain a greater number of deaths among this group compared to white women, which could signify a failure in the health care of this population. When analyzing deaths by age group, it is evident that white women followed the literature pattern - severe forms occur in patients over 65 years of age with comorbidities, while there was a rejuvenation of deaths among black women. It is a limitation of our study not to include comorbidities in the analysis. This situation becomes relevant for directing public policies that aim to reverse the factors associated with this situation. More studies are needed to elucidate the socioeconomic issues that support this outcome, seeking to reduce the number of deaths from COVID-19 in black women.

Students' perspectives on sexual harassment of genders in public places in the Southeast region

Sexual harassment in public places is a matter of concern in Vietnam. The purpose of this article is to understand and explain gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment in public places, which is based on Brooks Gardner's gender interaction perspective. The study used both quantitative analysis based on the Chi-square test procedure and analysis of in-depth interview data coded by NVivo software. Research results showed that there were gender differences in the perceptions of students in the Southeast region in terms of the forms, causes, and consequences of sexual harassment in public places. To improve understanding and reduce gender differences, it is necessary to organize communication activities to raise awareness and skills to prevent this evil in universities.

Molecular epidemiology of Paracoccidiodes spp. recovered from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis in a teaching hospital from Minas Gerais State of Brazil

Introduction Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by several species of the Paracoccidioides genus which can be differentiated by interspecific genetic variations, morphology and geographic distribution. Intraspecific variability correlation with clinical and epidemiological aspects of these species still remains unclear. This study aimed to sequence the loci GP43, exon 2 and ARF of 23 clinical isolates of Paracoccidioides spp. from patients in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Methodology and main findings GenBank was used to compare the present (23) with previous described sequences (151) that included ARF and GP43. It was identified a high polymorphism rate among the 23 isolates in comparison to the other 151. Among the isolates, 22 (95,66%) were S1/P. brasiliensis and 1 (4,34%) was identified as PS2/P. americana. A total of 45 haplotypes were found as follows: 19 from S1/P. brasiliensis (13 from the present study), 15 from P. lutzii, 6 from PS2/P. americana (1 from the present study), 3 from PS3/P. restrepiensis and 2 from PS4/P. venezuelensis. Moreover, exclusive haplotypes according to clinical origin and geographical area were found. S1/P. brasiliensis (HD = 0,655 and K = 4,613) and P. lutzii (HD = 0,649 and K = 2,906) presented the highest rate of polymorphism among all species, from which 12 isolates of the present study were clustered within S1b/P. brasiliensis. The GP43 locus showed a higher variability and was found to be the main reason for the species differentiation. Conclusions The results herein decribed show a high intraspecific genetic variability among S1/P. brasiliensis isolates and confirm the predominance of this species in the Southeast region of Brazil. The finding of exclusive haplotypes according to clinical origin and geographical area would suggest correlation between the molecular profile with the clinical form and geographic origin of patients with PCM.

ACUTE APPENDIX- STATISTICS ON PATIENTS IN SOUTHEAST REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2015 TO 2020

In this research the analyzed data were obtained from the Department of Social Medicine of the Center for Public Health at PHI General Hospital - Strumica for patients with acute appendicitis from Strumica and from the department for Statistics of the Center for Public Health at PHI General Hospital - Gevgelija for patients with acute appendicitis from Gevgelija. 361 people diagnosed with acute appendicitis were analyzed in the period from 2015 to 2020. According to the results most of the patients were hospitalized in 2015 (20.2%) and 2016 (20.2%). The majority of respondents are aged 0-24 years (67.5%), while males have a higher risk of developing this disease (55, 9%). in 2017 the number was 40 (14.9%), in 2018, 43 (16%), and in 2019 the number of hospitalized with acute appendicitis was 40 (14.9%), equal to that in 2017. The average age at hospitalization is 23.4 years, 22.8 years for men and 24 years for women. In the number of hospitalized people belonging to the first three age groups from 0 - 24 years, 25-44 years and 45-54 years (0-54), there is a higher prevalence of male (57.4%) compared to female patients (42.6%), while the number of hospitalized patients belonging to the age groups of 55-64, 65-74 and over 74 years there is a higher representation of female (58.3%) compared to male patients (41.7%). The average morbidity rate per 10,000 inhabitants in the Southeast region is 4.1, with an average rate of 3.5 in Gevgelija and an average rate of 4.8 in Strumica per 10,000 citizens. The incidence of acute appendicitis is highest in children, adolescents and young adults, and continuously decreases with age.

North Atlantic Oscillation and Rainfall Variability in Southeastern Nigeria: A Statistical Analysis of 30 Year Period

This study analyzed rainfall variability in Southeast region of Nigeria using graphical models, as well as using statistical approach to investigate any significant relationship between the global North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index and the regional rainfall variability in region. The study was conducted in three States of Southeastern Nigeria namely, Abia, Ebonyi and Imo States that lie between Latitudes 40 40’ and 80 50’N and Longitudes 60 20’ and 80 50’E. Data for the study included 30 years (1988 - 2017) archival time-series monthly rainfall values for the three study States, acquired from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), offices in the states, and Standardized values of NAOI (North Atlantic Oscillation Index) for the same period, which were collected from a website, on the NOAA Data Center, USA. In the data analyses, the first method was adopted by using graphs to illustrate mean annual rainfall values for thirty years. Coefficient of variability was employed in evaluating the degree of variability of values from the mean rate. The second analysis was accomplished using correlation models to ascertain any relationship between NAOI and rainfall in Southeast Nigeria. The results showed a significant variability of rainfall in the region from January to December (mean monthly) within the study period. A negative correlation value of 0.7525 was obtained from the correlation analysis, showing that the global NAO index and rainfall variability deviate in the opposite direction. Coefficient of multiple determinations (CMD) subsequently showed value of 0.031%, being the variation in rainfall as influenced by the global teleconnectivity, and this means that the NAO index has zero or no influence on rainfall variability in Southeast region of Nigeria.