Scalable OneM2M IoT Open-Source Platform Evaluated in an SDN Optical Network Controller Scenario

Software Defined Networking represents a mature technology for the control of optical networks, though all open controller implementations present in the literature still lack the adequate level of maturity and completeness to be considered for (pre)-production network deployments. This work aims at experimenting on, assessing and discussing the use of the OneM2M open-source platform in the context of optical networks. Network elements and devices are implemented as IoT devices, and the control application is built on top of an OneM2M-compliant server. The work concretely addresses the scalability and flexibility performances of the proposed solution, accounting for the expected growth of optical networks. The two experiment scenarios show promising results and confirm that the OneM2M platform can be adopted in such a context, paving the way to other researches and studies.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding the Prevention of Smartphone Addiction among Nursing Students

Smartphone addiction is also known as nomophobia. (Nomophobia means a fear of being detached from mobile connectivity.) Smartphone addiction is mostly seen in students and its affects the health in both aspects physically and psychologically. Method and Material: The study was a one group pre test and post test design (quasi experimental research design) and population for the study was GNM nursing students. The sample consists of 60 GNM nursing student. In this study, the sampling technique used was non-probability convenient sampling and the reliability of questionnaire was done by carl Pearson formula. Results: In pre-test 23.33% of GNM nursing students were having inadequate level of knowledge score, 61.66% of GNM nursing students were having moderate level of knowledge score and only 15% of GNM nursing students were having adequate level of knowledge score. In post-test 8.33% of GNM nursing students were having inadequate level of knowledge score, 20.66% of GNM nursing students having moderate level of knowledge score and 70% of GNM nursing students were having adequate level of knowledge score. The pre-test mean score was found 14.60 (24.33%) and mean score for post-test 21.65 (36.08%). Conclusion: The study reveals that there was deficit knowledge regarding prevention of Smartphone addiction in pre-test. The post-test knowledge was increased which reveals that structured teaching programme was effective on knowledge regarding prevention of Smartphone addiction. Key words: Effectiveness, Structured teaching, Knowledge, Prevention, Smartphone addiction, Nursing students.

LABOR ECONOMICS AND LABOR LAW: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CORRELATION

The article reveals the features of solving the problems of labor activity, proceeding from the study of the foundations of labor economics (as a direction of economic science, directly dealing with such problems) and the provisions of labor law (which regulate the process of ensuring everyone the right to work), taking into account the methodological aspects of correlation. It has been established that labor activity is a special form of professional activity of individuals, which is due to the use of scientific and technical means. It has been determined that one of the main problems of labor economics is the problem of a low level of labor productivity, the solution of which is possible through the development of scientific and technological progress, improvement of existing or development and implementation of new resource-saving technologies, improvement of the production process of product, automation of the production process, taking into account aspects of social processes and guarantees of ensuring the optimal level of remuneration and an appropriate level of social protection, the development of education and science, ensuring an adequate level of health care, guaranteeing labor safety, continuous improvement of qualifications and professionalism by employees. It has been proved that the efficiency of an individual's labor activity depends on his motivation. It was found that one of the problems underlying the economic science of labor is the problem of regulating the personal life and work activities of young professionals in the labor market, in particular – at the expense of ensuring decent working conditions and the right to an adequate level of remuneration. It was determined that in the implementation of strategically established tasks and priorities for the development of labor activity, a special role is played by the observance of the provisions of labor law. Labor law should provide for the proper regulation of relations in labor activity is provided, based on society's perceptions of aspects such as fairness and the framework of freedom. It has been established that changes in labor law for the better in accordance with the needs of the labor market will contribute to an increase in the level of labor productivity, an increase in the level of employment among the population, influence an increase in the level and efficiency of production, an increase in the level of wages, etc. It is noted that the prospects for further research in this direction should be the research of the features and practical aspects of the correlation of professionalism, professional culture, professional competence and professional training in labor activity.

A Reality Check of the Schrems Saga

From an enforcement point of view, the revocation of the European Commission’s two adequacy decisions on the federal US system of data protection raises many questions regarding the interrelations between the EU data protection regime and the Union’s legal frameworks for data ‘transfers’. Whereas data uploaded in the Union was once upon a time wired over the Atlantic to be downloaded in the US and vice versa, data packets are nowadays often exchanged over various radio spectra. As online resources around the world can be used to store data, and the data is made available and retrieved from domains rather than ‘exported’ and ‘imported’, the idea that the EU data protection regime would no longer apply when data is ‘transferred’ from the Union easily leads astray. In fact, the location of data or data processing equipment is irrelevant for the applicability of EU law as its territorial scope is determined by the location of the data subjects or undertakings concerned. Whereas the EU legislation applies with regard to legal entities overseas with affiliated undertakings in the Union, the Union seeks to guarantee the EU data subjects an adequate level of protection also in cases of onward transfers of data to non-affiliated organisations and unwarranted interceptions. Furthermore, the European Commission promotes a level of protection in non-EU Member States that is essentially equivalent to that enjoyed under the EU data protection regime since the authorities and courts may refrain from applying EU law pursuant to private international law. However, the Cases which resulted in the revocation of the two adequacy decisions concerned an Austrian citizen filing complaints against an undertaking established in Ireland and its US parent company. Hence, it must be called into question whether the EU data protection regime should at all have been substituted by the US system irrespective of whether it provided an adequate level of data protection. An argument could be made that the adequacy decisions applied beyond the substantive scope of EU law, but that brings questions to fore about the competence of the Union to adopt such decisions. In addition, the procedural system introduced in the first Case regarding Mr. Schrems is rather problematic as it requires national authorities and courts to assess the validity of adequacy decisions. Besides the distortion of the right for national courts to request preliminary rulings into an obligation to do so, most data subject are reluctant to get involved in disputes about the entire legal regime. In many instances, the data subject may rather rely on her or his procedural rights as a consumer. In this article, a systematic analysis of these aspects of the EU privacy safeguards is provided.

CONOCIMIENTOS Y PRÁCTICAS DE LAS GESTANTES SOBRE LA PREVENCIÓN DEL COVID-19

Introducción: Las embarazadas deben tener conocimientos y cumplir con todas las medidas preventivas para reducir el riesgo de infección de SARS-CoV-2 y evitar el parto prematuro y la mortalidad materna. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimientos y las prácticas sobre medidas de prevención de COVID-19 de las gestantes. Métodos: investigación de tipo observacional, descriptiva y trasversal realizada en el Centro de Salud Tipo C “Velasco Ibarra”, Machala-Ecuador, con una muestra censal de 100 embarazadas de la consulta de gineco-obstetricia, se utilizó una encuesta con cuatro dimensiones: grado de instrucción, conocimientos de la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2, utilización correcta de: mascarilla, técnica del lavado de las manos y distanciamiento social. Resultados: En las gestantes predominó el grado de instrucción bachillerato en 57 (57%), 53 (53%) presentaron un nivel de conocimiento adecuado de la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2, 84 (84%) con un nivel adecuado de conocimiento de las medidas de prevención de COVID-19, 74 (74%) aplicaban las medidas de prevención, 83 (83%) utilizan en forma correcta la mascarilla, 60 (60%) aplicaban la secuencia de los pasos de la higiene de las manos y 55 (55%) el distanciamiento social. Conclusiones: a pesar del predominio de un nivel adecuado de conocimiento de las medidas de prevención de COVID-19, con aplicación en forma correcta de la mascarilla, higiene de las manos y distanciamiento social, un importante grupo de embarazadas presentaron conocimientos inadecuados de las medidas de prevención, resaltando el incumplimiento del distanciamiento social, que es la mejor forma para disminuir la propagación del virus. Palabras Clave: COVID-19, Embarazo, Conocimientos, Bioseguridad. ABSTRACT Introduction: Pregnant women must be knowledgeable about and comply with all preventive measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and avoid premature birth and maternal mortality. Objective: Identify the level of knowledge and practices on COVID-19 prevention measures in pregnant women. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research carried out at the Velasco Ibarra Type C Health Center, Machala-Ecuador, with a census sample of 100 pregnant women from the gynecological-obstetric consultation, a survey with four dimensions was used: degree of instruction, knowledge of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, correct use of: mask, hand washing technique and social distancing. Results: In pregnant women, the baccalaureate degree of instruction predominated in 57 (57%), 53 (53%) had an adequate level of knowledge of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, 84 (84%) with an adequate level of knowledge of the COVID-19 prevention measures, 74 (74%) applied the prevention measures, 83 (83%) used the mask correctly, 60 (60%) applied the sequence of hand hygiene steps and 55 (55%) social distancing. Conclusions: despite the prevalence of an adequate level of knowledge of the prevention measures for COVID-19, with the correct application of the mask, hand hygiene and social distancing, an important group of pregnant women presented inadequate knowledge of the measures prevention, highlighting the breach of social distancing, which is the best way to reduce the spread of the virus. Keywords: COVID-19, Pregnancy, Knowledge, Biosafety.

A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program in Promoting Knowledge Regarding Sexual Health Among Adolescent Girls at Selected School of Jhajjar Haryana

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. This transition involves biological (i.e. pubertal), social and psychological changes. Sexual Health of adolescence is the foundation of a healthy adult and this therefore becomes an important phase to concentrate upon by all the concerned stakeholders. The statement of problem is, “a quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program in promoting knowledge regarding sexual health among adolescent girls at selected school of Jhajjar Haryana”, and the objectives were • To assess the level of pretest knowledge regarding sexual health among adolescent girls, • To assess the level of posttest knowledge regarding sexual health among adolescent girls • To find out the association between the level of post test knowledge regarding sexual health among adolescent girls and selected demographic variables. A quasi experimental approach and research design was non-randomized control group were used. 150 adolescent girls were selected as sample through Non probability convenient sampling method, 75 samples are from experimental group and 75 samples are from control group. A self-structured questionnaire on knowledge was administered. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The pre-test result of experimental group showed that 4% of adolescent girls had inadequate level of knowledge, 93.3% of adolescent girls had moderate level of knowledge and 2.67% of adolescent girls had adequate level of knowledge, and in control group, 6.67% of adolescent girls had inadequate level of knowledge, 92% of adolescent girls had moderate level of knowledge and 1.33% of adolescent girls had adequate level of knowledge. In post test result of experimental group showed that 28% of adolescent girls had moderate level of knowledge and 72% of adolescent girls had adequate level of knowledge and in control group, 74.6% of adolescent girls had moderate level of knowledge and 25.33% of adolescent girls had adequate level of knowledge. Hence, the study concluded that the research hypothesis H1 was accepted due to significant difference between pre-test and posttest knowledge score of experimental group at 0.05 level of significance.

How much state ownership do hybrid firms need for better performance?

Hybrid ownership—sharing partial business ownership with the state—is a new form of political connections that entrepreneurs in developing countries may employ to improve their access to key resources. This study investigates hybrid ownership as a strategic decision of entrepreneurs running small businesses in Vietnam—a transition economy. Utilising the resource dependence theory and legitimacy viewpoint, we propose and evidently show that increased state ownership in hybrid firms leads to improved performance. However, increasing state ownership beyond a minority share threshold harms firm performance due to the presence of agency costs. Also, the involvement of the state in firm governance reduces the benefits gained from having state ownership. Plain English Summary Is the more the better? How much state ownership really matters for hybrid firms to enhance their performance? More state ownership means more access to resources and privileges; but too much state ownership may reduce firm efficiency due to its poor governance. Analysing more than one million observations of small businesses in Vietnam, this study offers three insightful implications. First, for academics, institutional conditions should be considered when investigating political connections, especially in an emerging market context. Second, for practitioners, political connections in the form of hybrid ownership when being held at an adequate level can boost firm performance. However, an exceeding level of state ownership in hybrid firms may become harmful. Third, for policymakers, we suggest that forming hybrid business ownership with the private sector helps firms make use of state-owned resources. This collaboration is a win-win solution as long as the state ownership remains at an adequate level.

Assessment of vitamin D supply at different age

Introduction. Carrying out studies on the supply of vitamin D in the Russian population is an important task in order to demonstrate the global nature of the problem of vitamin D deficiency.Objective of the study. To conduct a study of the level of vitamin D at different age periods and to assess the relationship of the 25(OH)D supply with the seasons of the year.Materials and methods. The study included 10707 people, 78.8% (n = 2323) women and 21.2% (n = 2266) men, mean age 49.86 ± 21.925 years (Me 56.00).Results. Only 17.1% (n = 1833) of the examined had an adequate level of 25(OH)D, 31.4% (n = 3362) people had an insufficient level of 25 (OH) D, 43.7% (n = 4681) of the examined – a deficiency of 25(OH)D and among 7.8% (n = 831) a severe deficiency of 25(OH)D was revealed. An adequate level of 25(OH)D was found only in the group of children under 3 years of age (mean value 40.55 ng/ml). From 4 to 7 years of age, there is a pronounced 2-fold decrease in the concentration of 25(OH)D in all seasons of the year. A consistently low content of 25(OH)D is observed in the period 8-10 years – 20.91 ng / ml, and in the period 11-18 years – 18.30 ng/ml. The lowest average values of 25(OH)D were found at the age of 11-18 years (18.30 ng/ml) and from 19 to 22 years (19.15 ng/ml), as well as in senile (76 years and above) age (19.05 ng/ml). The lowest median concentration of 25(OH)D is recorded in spring (17.70 ng/ml) and winter (18.80 ng/ml), with a slight positive trend in summer (20.40 ng/ml) and autumn (22.00 ng/ml) season.Conclusions. The optimal level of 25(OH)D was found in every fifth (17.1%) subject, vitamin D deficiency (20.01–30.00 ng/ml) was observed in every third (3362 people out of 10707 examined, 31.4%), a moderate calcidiol deficiency is recorded among 4681 people (43.7%), a severe deficiency of 25 (OH) D among the surveyed is 7.8%.

Loss of binding antibodies against rabies in a vaccinated dog population in Flores Island, Indonesia

Effective parenteral vaccines are available to control rabies in dogs. While such vaccines are successfully used worldwide, the period between vaccine boosters required to guarantee protection of the population against rabies varies between vaccines and populations. In Flores Island, Indonesia, internationally and locally produced rabies vaccines are used during annual vaccination campaigns of predominantly free-roaming owned domestic dogs. The study objective was to identify the duration of the presence and factors associated with the loss of adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) following rabies vaccination in a domestic dog population on Flores Island. A total of 171 dogs that developed an antibody titre higher or equal to 0.5 EU/ml 30 days after vaccination (D30), were repeatedly sampled at day 90, 180, 270, and 360 after vaccination. On the day of vaccination (D0), an interview was performed with dog owners to collect information on dog characteristics (age, sex, body condition score (BCS)), history of rabies vaccination, kind of daily food, frequency of feeding, and origin of the dog. Serum samples were collected and the level of antibodies was quantitatively assessed using ELISA tests. Dogs were categorized as having an adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) or inadequate level of binding antibodies (<0.5 EU/ml) at each time points examined. A total of 115, 72, 23, and 31 dogs were sampled at D90, D180, D270, and D360, respectively, with the highest proportion of antibodies ≥ 0.5 EU/ml (58%, 95% CI, 49–67%) at D90, which reduced gradually until D360 (35%, 95% CI, 19–52%). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that loss of adequate level of binding antibodies is significantly associated with dogs having no history of vaccination or vaccination applied more than 12 months before D0, being less than 12 months of age, and having a poor BCS. These results highlight the importance of BCS regarding the immune response duration and provide insights into frequency of vaccination campaigns required for the internationally available vaccine used on Flores Island. For dogs without vaccination history or vaccination being applied more than 12 months before D0, a booster is recommended within 3 months (a largest drop of antibodies was detected within the first 90 days) after the first vaccination to guarantee measurable protection of the population that lasts at least for one year.

Levels of Knowledge in Nursing Students on Hemodynamic Monitoring

Introduction. Hemodynamic monitoring is of great importance because it covers all vital organic systems and their functioning, and any error in the interpretation of the monitored parameters can lead to a drastic deterioration of the patient’s condition and cause death. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of knowledge about hemodynamic monitoring of full-time and part-time students of the first, second, and third year of the undergraduate study of nursing at the University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb. Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted. The survey subjects were students at the University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb (N=280) in the period between December 2020 and February 2021. For the purposes of the study, the authors created a questionnaire that students filled in using an online platform, and the results of the questionnaire were anonymous. Results. The research found that most students have an adequate level of knowledge in the field of hemodynamic monitoring. By determining differences in knowledge of part-time and full-time nursing students, it was observed that students with work experience showed statistically significantly better results (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. The conducted study showed an adequate level of knowledge of nursing studies, since a high number of students, outside of their faculty obligations, have not been in contact with hemodynamic monitoring. The specificity and complexity of work in the intensive care unit comes from a particularly vulnerable population of patients who require maximum care, which is why nurses need continuous education, skill improvement, and training regarding new monitoring methods.