Frequency-domain seismic data transformation from point-source to line-source for 2D viscoelastic anisotropic media

We present a simple yet effective transform function to convert 3D point-source seismic data to equivalent 2D line-source data, which is required when applying efficient 2D migration and full-waveform inversion to field data collected along a line. By numerically comparing the 3D and corresponding 2D Green’s tensors in various media, the phase shift around 45° and the offset amplitude compensation factor, as well as small fluctuations of the amplitude ratios are observed in all nonzero components of the wave-equation solutions. Based on these observations, we derive a transform function comprised of (1) a simple filter for compensating amplitude and phase shift, and (2) stretching scalars for scaling amplitude differences for different components. We employ the 3D and 2D analytical wave solutions in various homogeneous media to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed transform function, and then apply it to a heterogeneous, viscoelastic, anisotropic model and a modified Marmousi model. All of these results indicate that the proposed transform function is applicable for the conversion of point-source data to equivalent line-source data for imaging 2D subsurface structure.

Comparison study between the elevation and datum statics in NC 210, western Libya

This research compares the results of each method to solve problems caused by sand dunes, In the southwestern region of Libya, the Murzuq basin is covered with sand dunes, which are a significant source of noise in land seismic data, which caused issues in seismic processing, also sand dunes cause increases of travel time of reflected events in seismic data, procuring false structures this problem caused by residual static errors. The presence of extensive sand dunes causes logistic and technical difficulties for seismic reflection prospecting, Due to the steep angle of repose of the sand dunes faces and the low seismic velocity within them, which causes significant time delay to the reflected waves. In this research, three seismic lines (202, 207, 209), of total length 12 km, have been completely reprocessed at Western Geco processing center (Tripoli) using omega software. the methods of gain corrections: time function gain and geometric spreading. Spreading amplitude compensation, has been proceed the results will be compared to another method of gain corrections called residual amplitude analysis compensation (RAAC) which is has better results for static problems the conventional method of computing field statics has been implemented and the result is compared with elevation static. It is obtained by using uphole method (conventional method) yielded a significant improvement over the elevation method.

Application of Velocity Analysis Picking for 2D Seismic Data Processing in West An-Najaf Are

In the current study, 2D seismic data in west An-Najaf (WN-36 line) were received after many steps of processing by Oil Exploration Company in 2018. Surface Consistent Amplitude Compensation (SCAC) was applied on the seismic data. The processing sequence in our study started by sorting data in a common mid-point (CMP) gather, in order to apply the velocity analysis using Interactive Velocity Analysis Application (INVA) with Omega system. Semblance of velocity was prepared to preform normal move-out (NMO) vs. Time. Accurate root mean square velocity (VRMS) was selected, which was controlled by flatness of the primary events. The resultant seismic velocity section for the study area shows that the velocity analysis became smother and provided an accurate seismic section.

Research on Frequency-Selective Output Constraint Algorithm for Active Vibration Control

An algorithm is proposed to implement the frequency-selective output constraint control for active vibration control at target sub-frequencies. The main idea lies in that the Narrowband Filtered-X Least Mean Square (NFXLMS) algorithm is used for the frequency-selective active vibration control, after which a modified rescaling algorithm is applied to simultaneously implement the output constraints at target sub-frequencies. Besides, an amplitude compensation method is employed to accelerate the convergence rate at different frequencies. Eventually, numerical simulations are carried out, in which the results show that the proposed algorithm can be effectively used for frequency-selective output constraint control with much more accuracy and flexibility, less distortion and harmonics.

Speed Sensorless Control of Linear Ultrasonic Motors Based on Stator Vibration Amplitude Compensation

In some applications of linear ultrasonic motors (LUSMs), not installing speed/position sensors can reduce the size and cost of the system, changes in load will cause fluctuations in the speed of the LUSM. To eliminate the influence of load changes on speed, a speed sensorless control scheme based on stator vibration amplitude compensation (SSCBVC) is proposed. This scheme is implemented under the framework of the stator vibration amplitude-based speed control (VBSC) and frequency tracking. Based on the stator vibration amplitude-speed and the output force-speed curves of the LUSM, the relationship between the load changes and stator vibration amplitude (SVA) to be compensated is established, realizing a speed sensorless control of the LUSM under variable load conditions. The experimental results show that the maximum fluctuation of the speed is about 2.2% when the output force changes from 0 to 6 N with SSCBVC. This scheme can effectively reduce the influence of load changes on the speed of the LUSM without using speed/position sensors.

Echolocating bats exhibit differential amplitude compensation for noise interference at a sub-call level

ABSTRACTFlexible vocal production control enables sound communication in both favorable and unfavorable conditions. The Lombard effect, which describes a rise in call amplitude with increasing ambient noise, is a widely exploited strategy by vertebrates to cope with interfering noise. In humans, the Lombard effect influences the lexical stress through differential amplitude modulation at a sub-call syllable level, which so far has not been documented in animals. Here, we bridge this knowledge gap with two species of Hipposideros bats, which produce echolocation calls consisting of two functionally well-defined units: the constant-frequency (CF) and frequency-modulated (FM) components. We show that ambient noise induced a strong, but differential, Lombard effect in the CF and FM components of the echolocation calls. We further report that the differential amplitude compensation occurred only in the spectrally overlapping noise conditions, suggesting a functional role in releasing masking. Lastly, we show that both species of bats exhibited a robust Lombard effect in the spectrally non-overlapping noise conditions, which contrasts sharply with the existing evidence. Our data highlight echolocating bats as a potential mammalian model for understanding vocal production control.