Study on Motion Management of Lung Cancer Treated by CyberKnife: Based on Tumor Position

Purpose: We investigated the movement characteristics of lung cancers and the clinical accuracy of tracking lung tumors with Synchrony Respiratory Tracking System (SRTs) during the CyberKnife treatment. We also explored the influencing factors of accuracy. These data provided the appropriate expansion margins of patients with different respiratory characteristics, which was helpful to realize the personalized design of treatment plans of CyberKnife. Methods and Materials: 73 patients with lung cancer treated with CyberKnife SRTs were selected retrospectively for this study. The patient's age, gender, respiratory characteristics and tumor datas (tumor size, anatomical position and geometric position) were recorded. During treatment, the deviation was checked every 45 s and compensated by the synchronous respiratory tracking system.Results: The total mean motion amplitudes and standard deviations of lung tumors in superior-inferior (SI), left-right (LR), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were 4.15 ± 3.47 mm, 3.98 ± 3.21 mm and 3.79 ± 2.73 mm, respectively. The overall mean correlation errors and standard deviations were 0.86 ± 0.45 mm, 1.04 ± 0.76 mm and 0.70 ± 0.47 mm, respectively. The overall mean prediction errors and standard deviations were 0.18 ± 0.17 mm, 0.35 ± 0.39 mm and 0.35 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. The correlation errors of LR direction were less correlated with the geometric position of the tumor (r = 0.38), and not correlated with the anatomical position of the tumor (r < 0.3). The prediction errors were moderately correlated with the respiratory amplitude (r = 0.588), and less correlated with the baseline drift and the motion amplitude of the tumor (r = 0.407 and 0.365, respectively).Conclusions: The patient’s respiratory amplitude, the tumor motion amplitude, the tumor baseline drift and geometric position were the main factors affecting the tracking accuracy. Tumors at different geometric positions should be treated differently to ensure sufficient dose coverage of the lung tumor target.

The Anatomical Position and Size of Greater Palatine Foramen and Canal in an Iranian Sample Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

IntroductionDetection of exact location of greater palatine foramen and its anatomical variations are vital prior to posterior maxillary surgeries and gingival grafts. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical position and size of the greater palatine canal (GPC) and foramen (GPF) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.Materials and methodsIn this descriptive-analytic study, CBCT images of 148 patients were assessed. To determine the anatomical foramen position, the posterior maxilla area was divided into five regions on the axial view (A: from the mesial surface of the second molar to the center of the second molar, B: from the center of the second molar to its distal, C: from the mesial surface of the third molar to the center of the third molar, D: from the center of the third molar to the distal of the third molar, E: distal to the third molar.). The length of the canal was investigated on both coronal and sagittal views. Independent and paired T-test were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong 80 females -68 males, the anatomical position of the GPF was mainly located in region E on the left (55%) and the right (50%), and then, respectively, in region D and region C. The mean diameter of GPF was 4/48 mm on the left and 4/63 mm on the right side (P-value = 0/01). The average length of the canal on the coronal view was 29.46 mm on the left side and 29.75 mm on the right (P-Value = 0/005). The average length of the canal on the sagittal view was 29.62 mm on the left and 30.02 mm on the right (P-value = 0/001).ConclusionThe anatomical position of the GPF was primarily located distal to the third maxillary molar. CBCT is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluation of vital anatomic landmarks in the maxillofacial region prior to surgeries and interventions.

Imaging of Subcutaneous Ovarian Transposition and Its Rare Complications—A Pictorial Assay

Ovarian transposition, as the name implies, is transpositioning the ovary from its normal anatomical position to another location. This procedure is usually done to preserve the ovarian function. The most common indication of ovarian transposition is early cervical cancer in young premenopausal women to preserve fertility. Subcutaneous ovarian transposition can also be done for benign conditions such as adenomyosis and severe endometriosis in young premenopausal women. We discuss our experience with ovarian transposition in 9 cases, normal ultrasound and CT imaging findings in transposed ovaries, and rare complications which occurred in 2 cases.

Posture-Transformed Monkey Phantoms Developed from a Visible Monkey

A monkey phantom is of significant value for electromagnetic radiation (EMR) dosimetry simulations. Furthermore, phantoms in various postures are needed because living beings are exposed to EMR in various postures during their daily routine. In this study, we attempted to produce monkey phantoms based on three daily postures of a rhesus monkey. From our Visible Monkey project, we selected surface models with 177 monkey structures. In the surface models, 52 virtual joints were created to allow for changes from the anatomical position to quadrupedal and sitting positions using commercial software. The surface models of the three positions were converted into monkey voxel phantoms. These phantoms were arranged in three positions, and the number of voxels and mass of each structure were analyzed. The phantoms in anatomical, quadrupedal, and sitting positions have a total of 5,054,022, 5,174,453, and 4,803,886 voxels, respectively. The mass of 177 structures in three positions were also calculated based on the number of voxels. By comparing the monkey phantom with the phantom of a female human, we confirmed thicker skin, less fat, heavier muscle, and a lighter skeleton in monkeys than those in humans. Through posture-transformed monkey phantoms, more precise EMR simulations could be possible. The ultimate purpose of this study is to determine the effects of EMR on humans. For this purpose, we will create posture-transformed human phantoms in a following study using the techniques employed herein and the human phantoms from our previous study.

Three Observations on Filming Tactility and Movement in Crafts-based Practice

This film makes three observations on the filming of tactility and movement in order to adequately convey tacit knowledge in embodied ways. The author, Wuon-Gean Ho, studied the craft of traditional woodblock printmaking in Japan, and demonstrates planning, carving and printing of a woodblock print. The first observation is that an alteration of the time-base of the film and subsequent manipulation of the soundscape can provide embodied affects. Secondly the film refers to the effect of mirror-touch-synaesthesia with close macro shots and intimate angles. Thirdly, the use of a birds’ eye point of view, with the hands of the artist in the same anatomical position as the viewers’ hands, enables the gaze of the viewer to mimic that of the maker, conveying haptic knowledge through poetic means.The voiceover to the film is made with deliberate reference to ASMR videos that engender a sense of intimacy. The non-objectivity of the recording process is commented upon. The conclusion is that constructed scenarios might convey more than real-time truthful indexical footage.

Functional and radiographical results of asymmetrically reconstructed total hip arthroplasty in patients with bilateral dysplastic arthritic hips with one hip Crowe II–III and the other Crowe IV: a retrospective cohort study

Background The study aimed to evaluate the functional and radiographical results of asymmetrically reconstructed total hip arthroplasty in patients with bilateral dysplastic arthritic hips with one hip Crowe II–III and the other hip Crowe IV. Materials and methods From April 2006 to April 2019, we evaluated 23 patients who had a reconstruction of one Crowe II–III hip with high hip center (HHC) and the other Crowe IV hip at the anatomical position (H group). The radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared with those of a control group of 19 patients with bilateral dysplasia who had one Crowe IV hip and the contralateral hip both reconstructed in the anatomical position (A group). Medical records and radiographs were reviewed, and a complete follow-up was conducted for all patients. Results The mean vertical center of rotation (V-COR) and horizontal center of rotation (H-COR) in the H group were 30.6 ± 5.8 mm and 30.0 ± 5.5 mm, respectively. In the A group, the corresponding values were 14.0 ± 4.3 mm and 23.0 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. A significant difference was found in terms of V-COR and H-COR between the two groups, and no significant difference was shown regarding the cup inclination, abductor lever arm (ALA), ALA ratio, and leg length discrepancy (LLD). Three patients of the H group and four patients of the A group exhibited LLD > 10 mm. All seven patients who had LLD > 10 mm underwent the shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy (SSTO) of the Crowe IV hip. Subgroup analysis based on the presence and absence of SSTO showed that the LLD of the SSTO group was greater than that of the non-SSTO group in both groups, but the difference was only statistically significant in the A group. At the last follow-up, the mean Harris Hip Scores significantly improved in the two groups, and there was no revision during the follow-up period. In the H group, four patients presented with a slight limp and three patients with a moderate limp, while it was six patients and one patient in the A group, respectively. Conclusions Asymmetrical reconstruction in patients with bilateral dysplastic arthritic hips with one hip Crowe II–III and the other Crowe IV is acceptable and comparable when compared with bilateral anatomical reconstruction. Level of evidence III, retrospective observational study. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trail Registry. ChiCTR2000033848