lion tamarin
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BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wanner ◽  
Peter A. Larsen ◽  
Adam McLain ◽  
Christopher Faulk

Abstract Background The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) is an endangered Platyrrhine primate endemic to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. Despite ongoing conservation efforts, genetic data on this species remains scarce. Complicating factors include limitations on sample collection and a lack of high-quality reference sequences. Here, we used nanopore adaptive sampling to resequence the L. rosalia mitogenome from feces, a sample which can be collected non-invasively. Results Adaptive sampling doubled the fraction of both host-derived and mitochondrial sequences compared to sequencing without enrichment. 258x coverage of the L. rosalia mitogenome was achieved in a single flow cell by targeting the unfinished genome of the distantly related emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) and the mitogenome of the closely related black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). The L. rosalia mitogenome has a length of 16,597 bp, sharing 99.68% sequence identity with the L. chrysopygus mitogenome. A total of 38 SNPs between them were identified, with the majority being found in the non-coding D-loop region. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were directly detected using a neural network model applied to the raw signal from the MinION sequencer. In contrast to prior reports, DNA methylation was negligible in mitochondria in both CpG and non-CpG contexts. Surprisingly, a quarter of the 642 CpG sites exhibited DNA hydroxymethylation greater than 1% and 44 sites were above 5%, with concentration in the 3′ side of several coding regions. Conclusions Overall, we report a robust new mitogenome assembly for L. rosalia and direct detection of cytosine base modifications in all contexts.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wanner ◽  
Peter A. Larsen ◽  
Adam T. McLain ◽  
Christopher Faulk

Abstract The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) is an endangered Platyrrhine primate endemic to the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. Despite ongoing conservation efforts, genetic data on this species remains scarce. Complicating factors include limitations on sample collection and a lack of high-quality reference sequences. Here, we used nanopore adaptive sampling to resequence the L. rosalia mitogenome from feces, a sample which can be collected non-invasively. Adaptive sampling doubled the fraction of both host-derived and mitochondrial sequences compared to sequencing without enrichment. 258x coverage of the L. rosalia mitogenome was achieved in a single flow cell by targeting the unfinished genome of the distantly related emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) and the mitogenome of the closely related black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). The L. rosalia mitogenome has a length of 16,597 bp, sharing 99.68% sequence identity with the L. chrysopygus mitogenome. A total of 38 SNPs between them were identified, with the majority being found in the non-coding D-loop region. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were directly detected using a neural network model applied to the raw signal from the MinION sequencer. In contrast to prior reports, DNA methylation was negligible in mitochondria in both CpG and non-CpG contexts. Surprisingly, a quarter of the 642 CpG sites exhibited DNA hydroxymethylation greater than 1% and 44 sites were above 5%, with concentration in the 3’ side of several coding regions. Overall, we report a robust new mitogenome assembly for L. rosalia and direct detection of cytosine base modifications in all contexts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Francini de Oliveira Garcia ◽  
◽  
Bárbara Heliodora Soares do Prado ◽  
Edil de Jesus Souza ◽  
Valmir Machado ◽  
...  

The black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, is an endemic and endangered primate species from the Atlantic Forest of the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. Its mating system is characterized as monogamous and females give birth to two twin infants during each breeding season. They are known to mainly sleep in tree holes, which is considered as a pertinent strategy for increasing their protection from predators during the night. Artificial cavities, like nest boxes, have been installed for other species in areas where tree cavities are depleted, in order to replace them. In this study, we report (i) the use of nest boxes in the wild by a group of black lion tamarins and (ii) the first record of polygyny for this species.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-561
Author(s):  
Olivier Kaisin ◽  
Rodrigo Gonçalves Amaral ◽  
Felipe Soares Bufalo ◽  
Fany Brotcorne ◽  
Laurence Culot
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  

Primates ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-573
Author(s):  
Guilherme S. T. Garbino ◽  
Leonardo Henrique da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Gonçalves Amaral ◽  
Gabriela Cabral Rezende ◽  
Vinicius J. A. Pereira ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Andrea Ayala-Burbano ◽  
Pedro Manoel Galetti Junior ◽  
Dominic Wormell ◽  
Alcides Pissinatti ◽  
Mara Cristina Marques ◽  
...  

Primates ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
Guilherme S. T. Garbino ◽  
Leonardo Henrique da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Gonçalves Amaral ◽  
Gabriela Cabral Rezende ◽  
Vinicius J. A. Pereira ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Rocha Arakaki ◽  
Paula Andrea Borges Salgado ◽  
João Diego de Agostini Losano ◽  
Débora Rodrigues Gonçalves ◽  
Rodrigo del Rio do Valle ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Dietz ◽  
Sarah J. Hankerson ◽  
Brenda Rocha Alexandre ◽  
Malinda D. Henry ◽  
Andréia F. Martins ◽  
...  

Abstract The golden lion tamarin is an endangered primate endemic to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. Centuries of deforestation reduced numbers to a few hundred individuals in isolated forest fragments 80 km from Rio de Janeiro city. Intensive conservation action including reintroduction of zoo-born tamarins into forest fragments 1984–2000, increased numbers to about 3,700 in 2014. Beginning in November 2016, southeastern Brazil experienced the most severe yellow fever epidemic/epizootic in the country in 80 years. In May 2018, we documented the first death of a golden lion tamarin due to yellow fever. We re-evaluated population sizes and compared them to results of a census completed in 2014. Tamarin numbers declined 32%, with ca. 2,516 individuals remaining in situ. Tamarin losses were significantly greater in forest fragments that were larger, had less forest edge and had better forest connectivity, factors that may favor the mosquito vectors of yellow fever. The future of golden lion tamarins depends on the extent of additional mortality, whether some tamarins survive the disease and acquire immunity, and the potential development of a vaccine to protect the species against yellow fever.


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