surplus energy
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Author(s):  
V.V. Pavlovskyi ◽  
◽  
A.V. Prykhodko ◽  

The analysis and estimation of advantages from implementation of HVDC systems in parallel to the loaded alternating current lines as a means of solving the problem of power output from surplus energy regions of the IES of Ukraine was presented. Such regions arise with the active development of new Renewable Energy Resources (RES). Two variants of installation of such systems are proposed and the corresponding analysis of electrical modes of IES of Ukraine with reliability criteria "N-1" was executed. References 11, figures 4, table 1.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Bahrami

Zero Energy Building or Nearly Zero Energy Building or Net Zero Energy Building-roughly means the same thing. ZEB for short is a building that has approximately zero energy consumption. The Zero Energy Consumption does not literally mean that the building does not consume any energy at all, on the contrary it is based on conservation of energy law in Physics. In a nutshell the building also generates energy from renewable resources, which is not just used to meet energy requirements of the building, but the surplus energy is also transferred to a transmission station or other building. Thus, ZEB is achieved. Use of ZEB is very crucial to save non-renewable resources like coal which are used to generate electricity


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Ganeva ◽  
Koini Lim ◽  
Jerome Boulanger ◽  
Patrick C. Hoffmann ◽  
David B. Savage ◽  
...  

Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles responsible for storing surplus energy as neutral lipids. Their size and number vary enormously. In white adipocytes, they reach up to 100 μm in size, occupying >90% of the cell. Cidec, which is strictly required for the formation of such large LDs, is concentrated at interfaces between adjacent LDs and facilitates the directional flux of neutral lipids from the smaller to the larger LD. However, the mechanism of lipid transfer is unclear, in part because the architecture of interfaces between LDs has remained elusive. Here we visualised interfaces between LDs by electron cryo-tomography and analysed the kinetics of lipid transfer by quantitative live fluorescence microscopy. We show that transfer occurs through closely apposed intact monolayers, is slowed down by increasing the distance between the monolayers and follows exponential kinetics suggesting a pressure-driven mechanism. We thus propose that unique architectural features of LD-LD interfaces are mechanistic determinants of neutral lipid transfer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Hou ◽  
Chuanbo Hao ◽  
Fukun Xiao ◽  
Gang Liu

In order to explore the failure characteristics of sandstone under unloading conditions in deep zone with high stress, constant axial pressure and unloading confining pressure tests were conducted on a yellow sandstone sample under different initial confining pressures using the French ROCK600-50 triaxial tester, and the mechanical properties, energy conversion characteristics, and damage evolution law of sandstone failure under unloading conditions were obtained. The test results showed that the axial deformation, the confining pressure for failure, and the shear fracture energy during the failure process of sandstone under the unloading state were positively correlated with the initial confining pressure; the dilatancy amount and speed and the radial deformation were negatively correlated with the initial confining pressure, exhibiting the characteristics of dilatancy under low confining pressure and compression under high confining pressure. Before the unloading point, almost all the energy absorbed by the rock under low initial confining pressure was converted into elastic energy, while part of the energy absorbed under high initial confining pressure was converted into dissipated energy, and the higher the confining pressure, the greater the proportion of the dissipated energy converted. The higher the initial confining pressure, the greater the elastic energy, radial deformation energy, and dissipated energy at the rock fracture point. The larger the unloading confining pressure, the greater the postpeak failure energy and surplus energy of sandstone, and the greater the increase in the proportion of elastic energy converted into surplus energy. The higher the confining pressure, the larger the damage value at the unloading point; the damage speed in the unloading stage was significantly greater than that in the loading stage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Satyam Bhatti ◽  
Arthur Williams

A recent survey shows that a large percentage of people living in underdeveloped countries do not have access to electricity and are isolated from the rest of the world. Solar energy can help meet the energy demand; however, it has an intermittent nature and relatively high installation cost. The improvement in off-grid Solar Home Systems (SHS) helped many people get access to electricity. However, systems are sized to meet demand on cloudy days, which results in significant wastage of available energy on sunny days, reducing the energy return on investment. This research paper discusses the load requirement of the people living in rural locations. It uses data collected over the last year by collaborating organisations, providing detailed load and solar charging data for off-grid households in Odisha, India. This dataset is analysed to understand the working principle of the installed SHS and the typical daily load profile. Next, the solar data is compared with solar data from online accessible software on an hourly basis and on a 5-minute scale to evaluate the surplus energy. The data shows a significant surplus of solar energy for most of the year that could be used for other low-powered devices. Various methods are discussed to detect surplus energy available during the daytime based on the provided solar data.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6137
Author(s):  
Moiz Masood Syed ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison ◽  
James Darbyshire

Common property (CP) is a significant consumer of electricity in apartment buildings. Although some apartments in Australia have adopted shared microgrid configurations to offset grid consumption, the characteristics and load patterns of CP are rarely discussed due to lack of available data. As common areas normally constitute part of owner corporations, energy distribution in these premises requires attention. This paper presents empirical analysis of the CP load connected to shared solar and battery storage for three apartment complexes located in Perth Australia. Load patterns for CP over a defined dataset period were analyzed, and grid usage reduction was examined by implementing and comparing three energy allocation strategies based on surplus energy utilization. The findings indicated significant grid usage reduction for CP load in different apartments after implementation of three strategies. Instantaneous consumption decreased 72%, and surplus allocation strategy reduced 91%, while consumption-based allocation reduced 76%, of grid electricity. Moreover, consumption-based allocation offered improved cost benefits compared to the other two strategies. The results further revealed the usefulness of energy allocation and effectiveness of surplus energy utilization. Based on outcomes, the strategies provide consolidation with conventional energy trading mechanisms and broadly link to the virtual power plant concept for coordinating energy flows between multiple generators.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gun Wook Gil ◽  
Minjae Kang ◽  
Younghyun Kim ◽  
Ikjune Yoon ◽  
Dong Kun Noh

In solar-powered wireless sensor networks (SP-WSNs), the best use of harvested energy is more important than minimizing energy consumption since energy can be supplied periodically. Meanwhile, as is well known, the reliability of the communication between sensor nodes is very limited due to the resource constraints of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an efficient forward error correction (FEC) scheme which can give solar-powered wireless sensor networks more reliable communication. First, the proposed scheme provides energy-adaptive operation for the best use of solar energy. It calculates the amount of surplus energy which can be used for extra operations and then determines the number of additional parity bits for FEC according to this amount of surplus energy. At the same time, it also provides a link quality model that is used to calculate the appropriate number of parity bits for error recovery required for the current data communication environment. Finally, by considering these two parity sizes, it is possible to determine the number of parity bits that can maximize the data reliability without affecting the blacking out of nodes. The evaluation of the performance of the approach was performed by comparing the amount of data collected at the sink node and the number of blackout nodes with other schemes.


Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eklas Hossain ◽  
Hossain Mansur Resalat Faruque ◽  
Md. Samiul Haque Sunny ◽  
Naeem Mohammad ◽  
Nafiu Nawar

Driven by global concerns about the climate and the environment, the world is opting for renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar. However, RESs suffer from the discredit of intermittency, for which energy storage systems (ESSs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Surplus energy obtained from RESs can be stored in several ways, and later utilized during periods of intermittencies or shortages. The idea of storing excess energy is not new, and numerous researches have been conducted to adorn this idea with innovations and improvements. This review is a humble attempt to assemble all the available knowledge on ESSs to benefit novice researchers in this field. This paper covers all core concepts of ESSs, including its evolution, elaborate classification, their comparison, the current scenario, applications, business models, environmental impacts, policies, barriers and probable solutions, and future prospects. This elaborate discussion on energy storage systems will act as a reliable reference and a framework for future developments in this field. Any future progress regarding ESSs will find this paper a helpful document wherein all necessary information has been assembled.


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