MALAY DIALECT VARIANTS IN LANGKAWI: A DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Background and Purpose: Dialectical studies scrutinised the closeness, kinship or genealogy of dialects derived from a language. Previous scholars divide Malay dialects in Peninsular Malaysia into four main clusters. The first cluster are the Johor-Melaka-Selangor and Central Perak. The second cluster is a group that spreads from the Patani region covering the Patani-Kelantan-Terengganu dialect. The third is the Negeri Sembilan cluster, and the fourth is the Kedah dialect. Generally, the Kedah dialect is divided into seven groups, covering Kedah (including Langkawi), Perlis, Penang and northern Perak Taiping. This study aims to investigate the Malay dialect variants in Langkawi Island via the Historical Linguistics approach and qualitative comparison research design. Methodology: This study utilised the qualitative research method. A total of 23 native speakers of Langkawi Malay dialect participated in this study. These informants were selected using NORM (an acronym for non-mobile, older, rural and males). Data collection mainly used several techniques such as interviews, recordings, and observations. The data were analysed based on the scope of comparative linguistics. Findings: The findings show that there are five characteristics of separated innovation between the Kuah and Air Hangat variants in one group and the Kedawang variant in other groups. Furthermore, there are nine innovations that separate the Langkawi Malay dialect from the Proto Malayik language. This study indicates that the Kedawang variant is an earlier variant apart from the Kuah and Air Hangat variants. Contributions: In addition to further strengthen the research on the various dialects spoken in Malaysia, this study attempts to highlight the complete description of the Kedah dialect varieties. This study also contributes to the science of Malay language variants and Malay Dialectology studies. Keywords: Historical linguistics, reconstruction, innovation, Langkawi Island, Malay dialect. Cite as: Ab. Hamid, N., Shahidi, A. H., Aman, R., Ramli, N., Zakaria, Z., & Iswary, E. (2022). Malay dialect variants in Langkawi: A diachronic perspective analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 142-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp142-167

A replication and expansion of the exposure effects of online model photos and social comparison goals on planned behaviors and self-efficacy to lose weight

This study replicated and expanded social comparison theory predictions in regard to how exposure to online models and explicit comparison goals affected planned behaviors and self-efficacy to lose weight in men and women. A 2 (models’ attractiveness: more attractive vs less attractive) × 2 (models’ weight status: lower vs higher) × 2 (explicit social comparison instructions: present vs absent) × 2 (gender: female vs male) factorial design was adopted ( N = 418). Women and men exposed to online photos of more attractive models reported higher planned behaviors to lose weight relative to those who were exposed to photos of less attractive models, thus replicating previous research. Participants exposed to more attractive and higher weight models reported higher self-efficacy to lose weight relative to those exposed to more attractive and lower weight models. Contrary to the prediction, women who did not receive social comparison instructions showed higher planned behaviors to lose weight relative to women who were instructed to explicitly compare themselves against the models. The study discusses implications for social comparison research and avenues for future inquiry.

The impact of external academic accreditation of undergraduate medical program on students’ satisfaction

Background The external academic accreditation is a quality assurance and auditing process that focuses on the structure, process, and outcome of the education. It is an interrupting and highly demanding process in terms of effort, time, financial, and human resources. However, it is unclear in the literature how much of these external quality assurance practices impeded in the accreditation processes would reflect on the other end of the learning pathway, including student satisfaction. Methods A retrospective quantitative secondary data analysis, with a before-after comparison research design, was performed to evaluate external accreditation’s impact on students’ mean satisfaction score within two accreditation cycles at King Saud University (KSU)-Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program. Results The overall average students’ satisfaction scores pre-and-post the first accreditation cycle were 3.46/5 (±0.35), 3.71 (±0.39), respectively, with a P-value of < 0.001. The effect of post first accreditation cycle was sustainable for a couple of years, then maintained above the baseline of the pre-first accreditation cycle until the pre-second accreditation cycle. Similarly, the overall average students’ satisfaction scores pre-and-post the second accreditation cycles were 3.57/5 (±0.30) and 3.70 (±0.34), respectively, with a P-value of 0.04. Compared to the first accreditation cycle, the improvement of the mean score of students’ satisfaction rates was not sustained beyond the year corresponding to the post-second accreditation cycle. Conclusion Both accreditation cycles were associated with an increased score in students’ satisfaction. The preparatory phase activities and navigation through the self-study assessment while challenging the program’s competencies are essential triggers for quality improvement practices associated with accreditation.

Difference In The Lower Blood Pressure Of Primary Hypertension Patients Participating In Prolanis And Non Prolanis In The Cipayung District Health Center

Changes in human development at this time greatly affect lifestyles it is a cause of an increase in non- communicable diseases (PTM) one of which is hypertension. Hypertension control has been pursued by the government by implementing a chronic disease prevention program (PROLANIS) through collaboration with BPJS. This study aims to determine the difference in blood pressure reduction in primary hypertension patients who follow prolanis and non prolanis in the Cipayung District Health Center. Pre-experimental research design with static group comparison research. The study population was primary hypertension patients who followed prolanis and non prolanis in the Cipayung District Health Center. Samples were taken by purposive sampling and found 40 people. The collected data is tested statistically by T-test. The results of the study of primary hypertension patients who follow Prolanis have better blood pressure. Statistical test results showed there were differences in blood pressure reduction in primary hypertension patients who followed prolanis and non prolanis (p = 0,000, p <0.05). Nurses provide education to primary hypertension patients who have not yet joined the program to participate in the PROLANIS program.Keyword: Hypertension, Blood Pressure, PROLANIS

PHOTOBIOREACTOR FOR MICROALGAE-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Purpose and Objectives of the Work. This scientific article is devoted to creation of an advanced photobioreactor design for wastewater treatment from biogenic compounds. Research Methods are based on a systematic analysis of theoretical research, synthesis, anology and comparison. Research Results. As a result, the improved photobioreactor design was proposed, in which the application of new elements and connections reduces the required area for its placement, immobilization of microalgae in the working area and, as a result, reducing the working area, the ability to quickly replace the sleeves of the working area, covered with sediment inside, and, as a result, reduce labor costs and downtime of the photobioreactor. Discussion. The problem is solved by the fact that the photobioreactor is made in the form of a transparent flowing rectangular open-topped tank, inside of which are vertically attached to the bottom of the tank by quick-release fasteners transparent flowing flexible hoses, to which at the bottom by means of non-return valves are connected pipelines for wastewater and microalgae supply and tubes for carbon dioxide supply and are connected by means of shut-off valves pipelines for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater, and in the upper hermetic part, where there are valves for drainage of accumulated gases , while the pipeline for the purified wastewater discharge is connected to a guide tray purified wastewater supply inside of a flowing rectangular open-topped tank, and at the outlet of the pipeline for drainage of a mixture of microalgae with residual wastewater is a microalgae separator to separate return and excess biomass. Conclusion. The proposed construction of photobioreactor can have good perspectives to be use in communal services for sewage water purification from biogenic compounds.

The Role of Millennials in the Formation of the Hotel and Restaurant Business Brand

The topicality. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the latest technologies to stimulate business development are becoming important. The source of change is millennials, which determine the prospects for development and contribute to the formation of competitiveness in the market. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of millennials in the formation of the hotel and restaurant business brand in the conditions of COVID-19. Research methods. The study used general scientific methods: analysis, abstraction, induction, deduction, synthesis, inference, generalization, comparison. Research results. The peculiarities of the concept of “millennials” have been defined. It has been established that millennials are young people aged 18-35 who have a positive impact on the development of the hotel and restaurant business and are generators of change. An expert assessment of the impact of millennials on the hotel and restaurant business was conducted. It identifies the main technologies preferred by millennials by gender and age group. The scheme of formation of the brand model by millennials in the conditions of COVID-19 has been developed. Conclusions and discussions. It is determined that millennials are the main driving force of strategic changes in the hotel and restaurant business and contribute to the development and competitiveness of organizations.

Numerical Investigation of the Use of a New Nano-Particle in Microchannel

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the use of Boron nitride (BN) as nano-particle on pressure drop and heat transfer in a microchannel. The governing equations for the fluid flow were solved by using Fluent CFD code and artificial neural network (ANN). Computational results acquired from Fluent CFD code and artificial neural network (ANN) for alumina (Al2O3) as nano-particle were compared with numerical values obtained in the literature for validation. On the basis of a water-cooled (only water, water+alumina and water+boron nitride) smooth microchannel were designed, and then the corresponding laminar flow and heat transfer were studied numerically. Results derived from the numerical tests (NT) and artificial neural network (ANN) show good agreement with the values mentioned in the literature and these results also show by the comparison research which was conducted considering the heat transfer and pressure loss parameters between BN and widely used alumina that BN is more convenient nano-particle.