genus fusarium
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Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Izabela Podgórska-Kryszczuk ◽  
Ewa Solarska ◽  
Monika Kordowska-Wiater

The genus Fusarium is considered to be one of the most pathogenic, phytotoxic and toxin-producing group of microorganisms in the world. Plants infected by these fungi are characterized by a reduced consumer and commercial value, mainly due to the contamination of crops with mycotoxins. Therefore, effective methods of reducing fungi of the genus Fusarium must be implemented already in the field before harvesting, especially with alternative methods to pesticides such as biocontrol. In this study we identified yeasts that inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae. Tested yeasts came from different culture collections, or were obtained from organic and conventional cereals. The greater number of yeast isolates from organic cereals showed antagonistic activity against fungi of the genus Fusarium compared to isolates from the conventional cultivation system. Cryptococcus carnescens (E22) isolated from organic wheat was the only isolate that limited the mycelial growth of all three tested fungi and was the best antagonist against F. poae. Selected yeasts showed various mechanisms of action against fungi, including competition for nutrients and space, production of volatile metabolites, reduction of spore germination, production of siderophores or production of extracellular lytic enzymes: chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Of all the investigated mechanisms of yeast antagonism against Fusarium, competition for nutrients and the ability to inhibit spore germination prevailed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Е.Г. Юрченко ◽  
А.А. Лукьянова ◽  
И.В. Горбунов

Для понимания формирования закономерностей грибных сообществ и реакции ампелоценозов на усиление абиотических и антропогенных нагрузок изучение ассоциаций растений и грибов имеет важное значение. Целью исследований было установить количественный и качественный состав сообществ микромицетов, ассоциированных с однолетними побегами дикорастущих растений винограда в естественных условиях пойменных лесов Краснодарского края. В результате исследований было установлено, что на поверхности однолетних лоз численность грибных популяций достигала 837,6 КОЕ/г сухого вещества в образце, произрастающем на склоне и 1191,7 КОЕ/г сухого вещества в образце лозы произрастающей в пойме реки Псебепс. В комплексе микромицетов доля гифальных грибов составляла 93,7-95,9%, дрожжи занимали 3,7-5,9 и 0,4% - дрожжеподобные грибы. Гифальные микромицеты были представлены 7 видами и стерильной формой светлого мицелия. По частоте встречаемости первое место заняли грибы родов Phoma, Botryodiplodia, Cladosporium, Alternaria (100%), второе место - Coryneum (70%). Следующую группу микромицетов с частотой встречаемости 14% составили грибы из рода Fusarium и Aspergillus niger Tiegh. В качестве доминант на однолетней лозе дикорастущего винограда отмечены микромицеты родов Phoma (46,75%) и Botryodiplodia (43,15%). Доля видов рода Cladosporium spp. и Coryneum spp. в общем объеме микромицетов составляла 4,6 и 3,85 % соответственно. Различия в количестве и соотношении таксонов грибов, исследованных биообразцов связаны, вероятно, с различным режимом влажности. To understand the pattern formation of fungal communities and the reaction of ampelocenoses to increased abiotic and anthropogenic loads, the study of plant and fungal associations is important. The aim of the research was to establish the quantitative and qualitative composition of micromycete communities associated with annual shoots of wild-growing grape plants in natural conditions of floodplain forests of the Krasnodar Territory. As a result of the research, it was found that on the surface of annual vines, the number of fungal populations reached 837,6 CFU/g of dry matter in a sample growing on a slope and 1191,7 CFU/g of dry matter in a sample of a vine growing in the floodplain of the Psebeps River. In the micromycete complex, the proportion of hyphal fungi was 93,7%-95,9%, yeast - 3,7%-5,9% and yeast-like fungi - 0,4%. Hyphal micromycetes were represented by 7 species and a sterile form of light mycelium. According to the frequency index, the first place was taken by fungi of the genera Phoma , Botryodiplodia , Cladosporium , Alternaria (100%), the second place was taken by Coryneum (70%). The next group of micromycetes with a frequency index of 14% consisted of fungi from the genus Fusarium and Aspergillus niger Tiegh. Micromycetes of the genera Phoma (46,75%) and Botryodiplodia (43,15%) were registered as dominants on the annual vines of wild-growing grapes. The proportion of species of the genera Cladosporium spp. and Coryneum spp. in the total volume of micromycetes was 4,6% and 3,85%, respectively. The differences in the number and ratio of fungal taxa and the studied biological samples are probably related to the different humidity regime.


WARTA AKAB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Rachmy ◽  
Jenny Anna Margaretha Tambunan

Fungi dari genus Fusarium menghasilkan termasuk tricothecene yang merupakan jenis mycotoxin berbahaya karena sifatnya yang mampu menembus kulit hewan dan masuk ke dalam sistem tubuh (Miller, 2003). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak Fusarium equiseti yang diberikan secara akut melalui subkutan pada hewan mencit selama 48 jam pertama. Dalam percobaan ini digunakan dua puluh ekor mencit jantan strain SW sebagai hewan model dari toksisitas suatu senyawa pada manusia. Ekstrak Fusarium didedahkan kepada mencit secara subkutan. Setiap mencit diamati pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam, 8 jam, 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam setelah perlakuan. Pada setiap jam tersebut, diamati parameter dan kematian yang terjadi. Parameter yang diamati antara lain adalah diam, kejang-kejang, kehilangan koordinasi, menjulurkan lidah, dan feses yang cair. Setiap mencit yang mati selanjutnya ditimbang berat badannya dan dibedah dengan menggunakan alat bedah untuk ditimbang berat organ hati dan limfanya. Pemberian ekstrak Fusarium pada mencit yang diberikan secara akut melalui subkutan menyebabkan munculnya ketidakaktifan, kejang-kejang, kehilangan koordinasi, menjulurkan lidah, dan feses cair yang frekuensi terjadinya meningkat sesuai dengan konsentrasi perlakuan yang diberikan, hingga kematian. Selain itu, massa organ hati dan limfa relatif terhadap berat badan meningkat sesuai dengan konsentrasi perlakuan yang diberikan.


Author(s):  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
Piotr Ochodzki ◽  
Linda Kærgaard Nielsen ◽  
Dorota Walentyn-Góral

The aim of the study was to determine the presence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat grain from harvest in 2009 and 2010 in Poland. Samples from different locations were analyzed for the content of DNA of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. In 2009, DNA of F. graminearum and F. poae was present in all samples, F. culmorum in 82% of samples, and F. avenaceum in 55% of samples. In 2010, the highest content of DNA was found for F. graminearum followed by F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. langsethiae. The amount of F. culmorum DNA was very low. The most frequently occurring species were F. poae and F. graminearum, however, the amount of F. poae DNA was lower. In 2009, deoxynivalenol was detected in all samples. In 2010, the average content of deoxynivalenol was lower than in 2009. Nivalenol was detected at very low concentration in both years. Significant correlations between content of F. graminearum DNA and deoxynivalenol concentration in the grain and between content of F. poae DNA and nivalenol concentration in the grain in 2009 were found.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
L. M. Sokolova ◽  
A. A. Egorova ◽  
A. N. Hovrin

Currently, more than 10,000 species of fungi associated with plants have been found, and it is not surprising that fungal diseases cause a lot of harm. Most species of the genus Fusarium are soil protrophs that live on dead plant remains, in the rhizosphere of plants, on the surface of roots. They cause rot of roots, seeds, fruits, tubers, root crops. All forms of fusariums progress at high temperatures and humidity. The analysis of literary sources and experimental data allowed us to formulate the purpose of our research: “To analyze the species diversity of fungi of the genus Fusarium from the soil, table carrot plants, depending on the ecological and geographical zones of growth.” As a result, using PCR analysis, 13 samples attributed to F. langsethiae were identified; 2 samples of F. ochusrohim; 8 samples of F. roae; 2 of F. sporotrichioides; 1 sample attributed to F. sulmorum, this sample was collected in the Rostov region and the Moscow region. It was also revealed that the diversity of soil and climatic conditions in different zones leads to a change in the species composition of representatives of R. Fusarium: the species composition of fungi of R. Fusarium varies significantly depending on agro-climatic conditions. In wetter and warmer conditions (southern regions), specific species of F. culmorum, F. sporotrichiella, and F. oxysporum dominate. F. heterosporum, F. nivale are less common; F. graminearum species lives on plant residues, on plant roots or in the rhizosphere zone, but practically does not occur in the soil in its pure form. Thus, this direction is promising for the study of fungi of the genus Fusarium, since this microorganism lives in the soil and on plants. It is advisable to identify the pathogen from samples from different regions to significantly increas the representativeness of samples within the regions with further identification of diverse mycelium, thereby creating a scale of diverse mycelium.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Isra Halim ◽  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Asim Sarfraz ◽  
Prathyusha Kokkayil ◽  
Binod Kumar Pati ◽  
...  

Fusarium species are among the most commonly isolated causes of fungal keratitis. Most species of the genus Fusarium belong to Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). Fusarium lichenicola, a member of the FSSC complex, is a well-established plant and human pathogen. However, reports of fungal keratitis due to Fusarium lichenicola have not been frequently reported. To the best of our knowledge, only twelve cases of Fusarium lichenicola keratitis have been reported in the past fifty years. Clinical cases of Fusarium lichenicola may have most likely been misidentified because of the lack of clinical and microbiological suspicion, as well as inadequate diagnostic facilities in many tropical countries where the burden of the disease may be the highest. We report a case of fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium lichenicola and present a global review of the literature of all cases of fungal keratitis caused by this potentially blinding fungus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Michaela Havrlentová ◽  
Svetlana Šliková ◽  
Veronika Gregusová ◽  
Bernadett Kovácsová ◽  
Andrea Lančaričová ◽  
...  

Adverse environmental conditions, such as various biotic and abiotic stresses, are the primary reason for decreased crop productivity. Oat, as one of the world’s major crops, is an important cereal in human nutrition. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of inoculation with two species of the genus Fusarium on the selected qualitative parameters of oat grain intended for the food industry. Artificial inoculation caused a statistically significant decrease in the content of starch, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in oat grains compared to the control. Moreover, artificial inoculation had no statistically significant effect on the content of β-D-glucans, total dietary fiber, total lipids, palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids. An increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oat grains was observed after inoculation. The most important indicator of Fusarium infection was the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the grain. The content of β-D-glucans, as a possible protective barrier in the cell wall, did not have a statistically significant effect on the inoculation manifestation in the grain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (71) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Irina Leonidovna Astapchuk ◽  
◽  
Galina Valentinovna Yakuba ◽  
Andrei Ivanovich Nasonov ◽  
◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 848 (1) ◽  
pp. 012163
Author(s):  
Y A Litovka ◽  
P V Makolova ◽  
A A Leonenko ◽  
A A Vasilieva ◽  
A N Kokorin ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
M. A. Filyushin ◽  
O. A. Danilova ◽  
T. M. Seredin

Relevance and methods. Losses of agricultural crops are associated not only with the development of diseases during the growing season, but also during post-harvest storage. Garlic is a popular vegetable and aromatic crop in world. Significant losses in garlic yield during cultivation and storage are associated with fungal pathogens, the most harmful of which are representatives of the genus Fusarium. In the Moscow region, the defeat of garlic by Fusarium occurs annually, but with varying intensity. At the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC), it was shown that rot and wilting of garlic plants is caused by a complex of pathogenic fungi, including mainly different species of Fusarium. At the same time, the ratio of Fusarium species in the pathogenic complex changes from year to year, new Fusarium species and their races are registered. The aim of this study was to identify fungal phytopathogens causing dry rot of garlic cloves during post-harvest storage. To carry out the work, garlic bulbs of cultivars Dubkovsky and Strelets were taken from the FSVC storage.Results. As a result of visual examination, cloves with symptoms of dry rot were identified. The diseased cloves tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar to obtain fungal colonies. Analysis of the morphological and cultural characteristics of fungal isolates, as well as the nucleotide sequences of four DNA regions (ITS spacers, genes EF1α, RPB1, and RPB2) showed that the causative agent of dry rot of garlic cloves is the pathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum. In addition, in the field, identification was carried out based on the analysis of the sequences of spacers ITS and the EF1αgene of phytopathogenic fungi inhabiting the root zone of garlic plants. As a result, two species of fungi of the genus Fusarium (F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae), as well as the species Rhizoctonia solani, Volutella rosea, and Ceratobasidium sp. were found in the root zone of garlic cultivars.


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