Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students—A Systematic Review

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific evidence regarding physical activity and physical fitness among university students. The search and analysis of the studies were done in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic databases search (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus) yielded 11,839 studies. Subsequently, the identified studies had to be published in English between 2011 and 2021, the experimental study had to have included males and females attending a faculty, and the participants had to have been evaluated for physical activity and fitness. A total of 21 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, with a total of 7306 participants, both male and female. After analyzing the obtained results, it could be concluded that university students show a satisfactory level of physical activity and physical fitness. However, the results vary due to different factors involved, mostly related to the cultural differences and educational systems in different countries. As this study observes mediocre results of physical activity and physical fitness among university students, it is crucial to get their attention and awareness, to at least maintain a satisfactory level of physical activity and physical fitness.

POLITIČKA VOLjA KAO CONDICIO SINE QUO NON IMPLEMENTACIJE MEĐUNARODNIH ANTIKORUPCIONIH KONVENCIJA – OSVRT NA KONVENCIJU UJEDINjENIH NACIJA PROTIV KORUPCIJE

International anti-corruption conventions are of great importance for building universal standards aimed at combating corruption. Despite the fact that most countries have ratified regional anti-corruption conventions and the universal - UN Convention against Corruption, the implementation of conventions in developing countries is not at a satisfactory level. One of the biggest challenges is the lack of political will to fight corruption. This paper analyzes some systemic weaknesses of the United Nations Convention against Corruption regarding ambiguity, vagueness and optionality in the application of some norms of the convention, as well as weaknesses in the system of monitoring the implementation of the convention, which do not contribute to improving political will to fight corruption.

Peculiarities of response to basic anti-inflammatory therapy of schoolchildren with alternative inflammatory phenotypes of bronchial asthma

Purpose — to evaluate the effectiveness of long-term anti-inflammatory therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids in children with alternative inflammatory phenotypes of bronchial asthma (BA) for the development of individualized control treatment. Materials and methods. A comprehensive survey of 94 school-age children with BA was conducted. According to the results of cytological examination of sputum, 2 clinical observation groups were formed. The first group of patients was formed by 38 patients with non3eosinophilic (neutrophilic) nature of the inflammatory process of the bronchi (mean age — 11.1±2.9 years, the proportion of boys — 52.6±8.1%), and the second group — 56 children with eosinophilic type of airway inflammation (3% or more of eosinophilic granulocytes in sputum), ie eosinophilic asthma phenotype (mean age — 12.2±3.2 (P>0.05) years, the proportion of boys — 67.9±6.2%, P>0.05). According to the main characteristics of the observation group could be compared. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and paraclinical (spirographic) examination. Scoring control of BA symptoms was performed using a questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the course of anti-inflammatory basic therapy. The questionnaire included the clinical signs of BA reflected in the scores, which were evaluated by patients and their parents, as well as the scale of instrumental studies according to the spirographic examination of patients. Results. The paper shows that the best effect of long-term courses of basic therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) was observed in patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation. Thus, the share of patients with a relatively satisfactory level of clinical control of the disease and with close to normal spirographic indicators was in group II: before the course of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids 25.0% and 31.9%, and after treatment — 81.3% (P<0,01) and 69.0% (P<0.01), respectively. Thus, an increase of 69.3% in relative risk (IRR) and 56.3% in absolute risk (IAR) of BA control reflected a pronounced control effect of inhaled corticosteroids in the eosinophilic nature of airway inflammation. The minimum number of patients needed to treat (NNT) in order to obtain at least one positive result was 2. At the same time, in patients with neutrophilic inflammatory process, the proportion of patients with a relatively satisfactory level of clinical and paraclinical (according to spirography) disease control was: before the appointment of ICS — 30.8% and 30.8%, and after treatment — 50% (PFisher's exact test>0.05) and 76.9% (PFisher's exact test<0.01), respectively. This persistence of clinical manifestations of the disease indicated an insufficient level of control of non3eosinophilic BA in the treatment of inhaled corticosteroids and questioned the feasibility of monotherapy with this group of neutrophilic bronchitis. The insufficient effect of anti3inflammatory therapy with inhaled corticosteroids was evidenced by the fact that IRR of satisfactory level of clinical control was 38.4%, IAR — 19.2%, and NNT — 6 patients. Conclusions. In patients with the eosinophilic phenotype of BA, the use of long courses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids led to an increased chance of achieving disease control, while the chances of improving of the pulmonary function tests were also observed in the neutrophilic phenotype of the disease. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, basic anti-inflammatory therapy.

TO DEVELOP FORENSIC CRITERIA FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE OF TRAUMATIC AND NON-TRAUMATIC ORIGIN USING MUELLER-MATRIX MICROSCOPY OF LINEAR DICHROISM

Differential diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage due to traumatic and non-traumatic origin is a challenging issue, especially in the absence of visible body injuries and other signs of violence. For a forensic expert-practitioner, the main thing is objectivity, accuracy, and speed of obtaining the result, which could fully satisfy the methods of laser polarimetry in the case of differential diagnosis of hemorrhages of traumatic and non-traumatic origin in the human brain matter. The purpose: To develop forensic criteria for the differential diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage of traumatic and non-traumatic origin using Mueller-matrix microscopy of linear dichroism. Materials and methods: The object of the study was brain matter samples, collected in 115 corpses of both sexes aged 22 to 86 years with accurately known causes of death. The causes of death included coronary artery disease, traumatic brain hemorrhage, ischemic brain infarction, and non-traumatic brain hemorrhages. Brain matter samples have been frozen rapidly, and histological sections have been made using a freezing microtome. The slices have been evaluated using the method of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix microscopy, followed by mathematical and statistical processing of the results. Results: significant topographic heterogeneity of Mueller-matrix invariants of brain matter samples linear dichroism maps among all research groups have been found. Individual and significant variations of dispersion, asymmetry, and kurtosis magnitude have confirmed the heterogeneity of Mueller-matrix invariants. The difference of images and histograms among groups is explained by the presence of necrotic changes in the case of ischemic brain necrosis and blood cells in the brain matter samples. For the set of central statistical moments of the 1st, 3rd, and 4th orders, which characterize the distributions of circular dichroism, the method of MM-microscopy in the differentiation of samples of non-hemorrhage and hemorrhage groups reaches a satisfactory level - 78% - 84%. Conclusions: Brain matter samples Muller-matrix microscopy of linear dichroism is effective for solving diagnostic problems of forensic medicine related to evaluating the cause of death from intracerebral hemorrhage of various origins. Diagnostic efficiency of Mueller-matrix mapping of polarization manifestations of linear dichroism method for intergroup differentiation of samples of deaths from traumatic hemorrhage (Group 2) and ischemic cerebral infarction (Group 3) reaches a satisfactory level of 79 - 84%.

A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Reliance JIO SIM in Tirupattur District

Customer satisfaction is the overall essence of the impression of the supplier by the customers. This impression which a customer makes regarding the supplier is the total of all the processes he goes through, right from communicating with the supplier before doing any marketing to post-delivery options and services and managing queries or complaints post-delivery. During this process, the customer comes across the working environment of various departments and the type of strategies involved in the organisation. This helps the customer to make a strong opinion about the supplier, which finally results in satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Customer satisfaction is a business term that is used to capture the idea of measuring how satisfied an enterprise’s customers are with the organisation’s efforts in a marketplace.The use of Reliance Jio Sim has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It gives more concentration towards satisfying customers. This made the researcher study the satisfactory level of customers towards Reliance Jio Sim in Tirupattur District. The present study is about customer satisfaction with Reliance Jio services, factors influencing to prefer to go with Reliance Jio Sim. Percentage analysis, Freidman Rank Test is applied to find the satisfactory level of Reliance Jio services.

Revenues from agricultural tax in the context of the principle of financial independence of municipalities

Motivation: The presented study addresses the important and current problem of agricultural tax and the resulting revenues in the context of financial independence of local government units. The scope of financial independence held by a municipality is significantly influenced by the right to exercise limited fiscal power. It means that the state provides municipalities with a number of powers to shape the local tax system, to set tax rates, to introduce individual tax exemptions, allowances and amortizations. Aim: The main purpose of the article is to present the importance of agricultural tax as the source of generating own revenues by municipalities in Poland, in the years 2015–2019, in the context of the principle of financial independence of municipalities. The supplementary purpose is to analyse and assess exercising the rights in terms of shaping revenues from agricultural tax in municipalities. Results: The analysis covers the level and share of revenues from agricultural tax in total revenues and municipal own revenues as well as the amount of revenues lost on its account. The conducted research has shown that agricultural tax plays the greatest role as the source of own revenues in managing the budgets of rural municipalities. However, it can be noticed that the fiscal function of the tax under study is increasingly smaller in each municipal category. It should be indicated that the structure of agricultural tax, which is basically unrelated to profitability and the volume of production in agriculture, in turn, translates into a low level of own revenues potential in municipalities. The system of taxing agriculture with agricultural tax, from the perspective of financial independence of municipalities, remains ineffective and the degree of independence presented by municipalities in this respect is far from a satisfactory level. The conducted analysis addressing correlations resulting from various types of reductions in agricultural tax against revenues from this tax showed that the scale of reductions, as the effect of using various tools by municipalities, was minimal and did not exceed 1% (which makes approx. 0.5%). The exception is the possibility of reducing the upper tax rates by a municipality.

Effect of Self-Care Guidelines on Symptoms Burden for Patients with Lung Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

Context: Lung cancer is common cancer worldwide. Because of the high-symptoms burden and severe morbidity, effective symptoms management requires comprehensive self-care strategies. Aim: This study was aimed to assess the effect of self-care guidelines on symptoms burden for patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This study was conducted at the outpatient clinics in Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Center, affiliated to Ain Shams University. A quasi-experimental (pre/posttest) design was employed on a purposive sample of 50 adult patients were recruited for this study. The data were collected through a structured interview questionnaire to assess the patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, medical health profile, and knowledge about lung cancer. Lung Cancer and Chemotherapy Associated Symptoms Self-care Practices’ Assessment Questionnaire and M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer (MDASI-LC) were also used. Results: The present study revealed that 36% of the patients had a satisfactory level of knowledge pre-implementation of self-care guidelines, which improved significantly for 48% of the patients post-implementation at p 0.007. 26.3% of them exhibit a satisfactory level of self-care practice pre-implementation of self-care guidelines that improved significantly (57.9%) post-implementation at p 0.001. Also, lung cancer symptom burdens and symptoms' influence on patients' lives were significantly improved after the implementation compared with preintervention level at p 0.001. A non-significant difference between pre and post-implementation of self-care guidelines regarding symptoms interference with patients' life was revealed at p 0.801. There were statistically negative correlations between patients' total symptom severity and self-care practice pre- and post-self-care guidelines implementation. Conclusion: self-care guidelines have a statistically significant positive effect on decreasing the severity of lung cancer symptoms. While chemotherapy-associated symptoms were slightly improved, there were no significant differences between pre and post-self-care guidelines implementation regarding symptoms interference with patients’ life. Health education programs about the disease and its management should be provided for lung cancer patients.

Livelihoods of Otter fishers` in the South-Western zone of Bangladesh

Fishing with otters is an ancient fishing technique in Bangladesh, exists only in the south-western part of the country with smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata). The present study was carried out to portray this unique fishing technique and to investigate otter fishers` livelihood status in Narail District. Fishing with otters is carried out at night in the Chitra and the Nabaganga rivers, involving at least four people, a boat, a net, 2-3 adult tamed otters and 1-2 immature trainee otters. The socio-economic conditions and livelihood status of the otter fishers` were found as not-satisfactory level whereas about 75% of total 36 fishermen were termed as very poor and they don`t have their own boat and nets for fishing. All of the surveyed fishers belong to the Hindu religion and less access to education, pure drinking water, and a healthy sanitation system. Due to scanty income, and resultant low-living standard, 14 otter fishers were found changed their ancient profession. Therefore, direct interventions are essential to support improved and sustainable socio-economic condition of the otter fishing community. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 249-257, August 2021

Pengetahuan Dan Penerimaan Masyarakat Islam di Malaysia Terhadap Vaksin COVID-19

There are concerns among some Malaysians about the Pfizer vaccine to curb the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic. Aims and Objectives: This study is aimed at measuring the level of Muslim knowledge in Malaysia on their acceptance of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine brought in by the Malaysian government. Methodology: The study used quantitative methodology by disseminating questionnaires to 1745 respondents online. Results and Findings: The findings showed that the level of knowledge and acceptance of the Malaysian Muslim community on this issue is at a satisfactory level. Abstrak Terdapat kebimbangan segelintir masyarakat Malaysia tentang vaksin Pfizer bagi mengekang penularan pandemik Covid 19. Tujuan dan Objektif: Kajian tinjauan awal ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap pengetahuan penerimaan masyarakat Islam di Malaysia terhadap vaksin Pfizer COVID-19 yang dibawa masuk oleh kerajaan Malaysia. Metodologi: Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan borang soal selidik kepada 1745 responden melalui dalam talian. Hasil dan Dapatan: Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap pengetahuan dan penerimaan masyarakat muslim Malaysia mengenai isu ini di tahap memuaskan.

Development of Integrated Media for Promoting of Thai Cuisine to Global Market

The research aims to develop suitable integrated media for public relations of Thai food innovations created under the research project Thai Food to Global Market. The sample group is 257 tourists. The research tools are 1) integrated media for public relations of Thai food to Global Market including website, video, mobile application, and AR publication, 2) media evaluation form for Thai food and public relations media expert, and 3) satisfactory survey of tourist on the integrated media. The results indicate that 1) quality of the integrated media developed under the research has met the standard with a Very Good score level evaluated by media experts, and 2) tourists are satisfied with the integrated media with the highest satisfactory level, in which online media and mobile application are the most satisfied media by tourists both in term of content presentation and its accessibility. The research also illustrated that the convergent media concept can be performed in order to enhance its accessibility and target of the media itself. The procedure used to develop the media in the researches has indicated a significant outcome suggested from the quality of the media and satisfactory level of the media receivers.