GAMBARAN JAMUR PENYEBAB TINEA UNGUIUM PADA SEDIAAN KEROKAN KUKU KAKI BURUH PERUSAHAAN EKSPOR IMPOR KEPITING

Tinea unguium adalah penyakit infeksi jamur yang disebabkan oleh Tricophyton rubrum dan Tricophyton mentagrophytes. Infeksi ini diketahui menyebabkan kuku menjadi rusak seperti mulai menghitam dan sedikit terangkat. Kelompok masyarakat yang paling sering terkena infeksi ini adalah masyarakat yang mempunyai kegiatan di daerah yang lembab. Tujuan penelitian ingin mengetahui gambaran jamur yang menjadi penyebab penyakit Tinea unguium pada sediaan kerokan kuku kaki buruh perusahaan ekspor impor kepiting yang ada di kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian bersifat observasi laboratorik, dengan mengambil kerokan kuku kaki buruh perusahaan ekspor impor kepiting sebanyak 10 orang dengan kriteria kuku rusak dan menguning atau menghitam. Penelitan ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2019. Pemeriksaan sampel menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung menggunakan KOH 40% dan dilanjutkan dengan kultur sampel pada media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Sampel yang tumbuh diamati di bawah mikroskop untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jamur berdasarkan ciri morfologi. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis, ditemukan 1 sampel positif jamur penyebab tinea unguium yaitu Trichophyton interdigitale dari 10 sampel yang ada.

In Vitro Combination Effect of Topical and Oral Anti-Onychomycosis Drugs on Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale

To evaluate the combination effects of anti-onychomycosis drugs, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of topical (efinaconazole, luliconazole, and tavaborole) and oral (itraconazole and terbinafine) drugs for Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale (8 each, with a total of 16 strains) were determined using the microdilution checkerboard technique based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. No antagonism was observed between the topical and oral drugs against all the tested strains. Efinaconazole with terbinafine exerted a synergistic effect on 43.8% of the strains tested (7/16 strains) and efinaconazole with itraconazole on 12.5% (2/16 strains). Conversely, luliconazole showed no synergistic effect with terbinafine but was synergistically effective with itraconazole against 31.3% of the strains (5/16 strains). Tavaborole showed no synergistic effect with terbinafine and was synergistically effective with itraconazole against 18.8% of the strains (3/16 strains). The results suggest that a combination of topical and oral drugs could be a potential clinical option for onychomycosis treatment, and overall, the efinaconazole and oral drug combination would be the most advantageous among the tested combinations.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Comparison to Conventional Antifungal Drugs Against Trichophyton Interdigitale, Trichophyton Rubrum and Epidermophyton Floccosum

Background: Dermatophytosis is a globally distributed fungal infection. Treatment failure and relapse is common in this disease. Silver nanoparticle are known for their promising antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of these nanoparticles against common dermatophyte species. Methods: A set of 30 molecularly identified dermatophytes including Trichophyton interdigitale (n=10), Trichophyton rubrum (n=10), and Epidermophyton floccosum (n=10) were used in this study. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles using chicory (Cichorium intybus) were tested for their antifungal activity in comparison to fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine. Interspecies differences in minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal drugs and silver nanoparticles were tested using Kruskal–Wallis test in SPSS software version 21. Results: The highest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) among antifungal drugs were observed for fluconazole [range: 4–64 µg/mL, geometric mean (GM) =17.959 µg/mL], followed by itraconazole (range: 0.008–0.5, GM= 0.066) and terbinafine (range: 0.004– 0.25 µg/mL, GM=0.027 µg/mL). Silver nanoparticles showed potent antifungal activity against all dermatophyte isolates with MICs (range: 0.25–32 µg/mL, GM=4.812 µg/mL) higher than those of itraconazole and terbinafine, but lower than fluconazole. MIC values of silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant differences between species (P=0.044), with E. floccosum having the highest MICs (GM=9.849 µg/mL) compared to T. interdigitale (GM=3.732 µg/mL) and T. rubrum (GM=3.031 µg/mL). Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles demonstrated promising anti-dermatophyte activity against the studied dermatophytes. Due to their widespectrum activity against other fungal and bacterial pathogens, they could be a potential choice, at least in the case of cutaneous and superficial infections.