Correlations of Geometry and Infill Degree of Extrusion Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Components

This study focuses on the effect of part geometry and infill degrees on effective mechanical properties of extrusion additively manufactured stainless steel 316L parts produced with BASF’s Ultrafuse 316LX filament. Knowledge about correlations between infill degrees, mechanical properties and dimensional deviations are essential to enhance the part performance and further establish efficient methods for the product development for lightweight metal engineering applications. To investigate the effective Young’s modulus, yield strength and bending stress, standard testing methods for tensile testing and bending testing were used. For evaluating the dimensional accuracy, the tensile and bending specimens were measured before and after sintering to analyze anisotropic shrinkage effects and dimensional deviations linked to the infill structure. The results showed that dimensions larger than 10 mm have minor geometrical deviations and that the effective Young’s modulus varied in the range of 176%. These findings provide a more profound understanding of the process and its capabilities and enhance the product development process for metal extrusion-based additive manufacturing.

Simulation Upper Bound Theorem to Prediction Extrusion Load

A metal extrusion was process that extrusion puncture perforate surface of material to throw and flow across outlet of die. This operation was a complex process in extrusion while penetration occurred at same time. This process can be seen in many production operations, like in forming of making portion of metal strip, and forming of extruded portion in a complex fineblanking with extrusion operation. Also exhibit the operation properties and give the method of numerical solution. So increasing load to 610KN with increased friction factor to 0.7 and increased with increasing the reduction ratio and stroke of operation. For the results and mesh distortion, with allocations of strains may be predicted. Analyzing results was submitted of metal extruded may be classified into two zones for the different lineaments deformation. moreover, energy in the zones of deformation may be classified into two parts for their different lineaments of internal zone and contact zone with the die . Fracture location has been found from simulations. Keyword Load, Extrusion, upper bound, numerical solution

Manufacturing of three-layered sandwich composite of AA1050/LZ91/AA1050 using cold roll bonding process

In this paper, for the first time, dual-phase Mg-Li alloy is used to produce a three-layered Al/Mg/Al composite with the use of the cold roll bonding process. The low density and high ductility are known as the essential advantages of the Mg-Li alloys, while a couple of important problems should be taken into account, namely low corrosion resistance and low strength. It has been tried to deal with the mentioned problems by performing cold work and cover the Mg sheet with the Al similar plates. To investigate the Mg-Al layers bonding quality, mechanical properties and microstructure were examined for different thicknesses reduction ratio. The peeling test results showed that with increasing rolling pressure, the size and number of cracks on the brittle surfaces due to brushing, surface expansion, and metal extrusion between the cracks were improved by rising the reduction thickness ratio, bond strength enhanced, sharply. The UTS of 33.33% thickness reduction three-layered Al/Mg sample was obtained 186.5 MPa, which was more than 2.1 and 1.3 times higher than the initial Al1050 and MgLZ91 samples, respectively. However, because of increasing the amount of thickness reduction, roll-bonded layers’ quality, the tensile strength of the composite, and the microhardness of both layers increased. Furthermore, the elongation has reduced, and the maximum ultimate tensile strength and microhardness were achieved at 66.67% thickness reduction.

An Automated Open-Source Approach for Debinding Simulation in Metal Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

As an alternative to powder-bed based processes, metal parts can be additively manufactured by extrusion based additive manufacturing. In this process, a highly filled polymer filament is deposited and subsequently debindered and sintered. Choosing a proper orientation of the part that satisfies the requirements of the debinding and sintering processes is crucial for a successful manufacturing process. To determine the optimal orientation for debinding, first, the part must be scaled in order to compensate the sinter induced shrinkage. Then, a finite element analysis is performed to verify that the maximum stresses due to the dead load do not exceed the critical stress limits. To ease this selection process, an approach based on open source software is shown in this article to efficiently determine a part’s optimal orientation during debinding. This automates scaling, debinding simulation, and postprocessing for all six main directions. The presented automated simulation framework is examined on three application examples and provides plausible results in a technical context for all example parts, leading to more robust part designs and a reduction of experimental trial and error. Therefore, the presented framework is a useful tool in the product development process for metal extrusion additive manufacturing applications.