Futuristic Research Perspectives of IoT Platforms

Future IoT innovation patterns will assist offices with getting the greatest proficiency and efficiency out of their hardware and assembling parts. IoT is an essential element of digital transformation enterprises in business and industrial sections. Service suppliers and utilities have also been taking on IoT to get pioneering services to keep competitive. Services with security, power management, asset presentation, healthcare effectiveness, and threat and agreement management must be resolved properly in order to enhance the IoT effectively and efficiently. As new tech turns up, hackers prepare to capture the benefits of its potential flaws, and this is precisely why enhancing the precautions of associated strategy is the top IoT technology development. Objectives of this chapter are to analyze and access the future of IoT in healthcare, security, education, and agriculture. This chapter will focus on edge computing, a hybrid approach to process the data that allows connected devices to distribute, compute, examine, and maintain data locally.

Public Libraries as Enablers of Sustainable Development

Stakeholders of development are engaging in the United Nations' call for global sustainable development. Consequently, this chapter examines how public libraries as development agents are enabling or powering sustainable development through the three dimensions of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Based on these three factors of sustainable development, objectives were raised to guide the study. The study, which is a conceptual review of literature, employed three major databases in library and information science (Emerald Insights, Taylor & Francis Online, and Library & Information Science Source) to search for literature complimented by Google Scholar. Results of the search were filtered by year (2011 to 2021), language (English), and source types (peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, short communications, and reports). The study therefore showed strong nexus between public libraries and the dimensions of sustainable development, which are economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

Realizing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Greener Remediation of Heavy Metals-Contaminated Soils by Biochar: Emerging Trends and Future Directions

The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is always an important topic, as environmental contamination by HMs is of serious concern. Numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the UN’s sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. The aim of this study was to address how the soil-science professions may best successfully utilize biochar for greener remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock, and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated soil, were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, and present good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview summarized the current advances in the application for the remediation of HMs-polluted soils. Future views on the usage and possibilities for deploying biochar-based nanocomposites in polluted soils were discussed.

Developing the approaches to monitoring of risks of failure to achieve the national development objective ‘Digital Transformation’ in the strategic planning system of the Russian Federation

Subject. The article investigates identification of risks that prevent the achievement of national development objectives and implementation of national projects, as the methodological approach to their assessment is still in the process of formation. Objectives. The purpose is to develop conceptual and methodological approaches to monitoring of risks of missing the national development targets in the strategic planning system of the Russian Federation. Methods. The research methodology rests on the theoretical basis of indicative analysis. In its logic, the risks of failure to achieve the targets of national development of the Russian Federation can be tracked through monitoring the achieved and predicted values of target indicators within their valid values. Results. The paper specifies factors that have a significant impact on the achievement of the national target ‘Digital Transformation’, defines quantifiable values of the target indicator ‘The Share of Households with Broadband Internet Access’ and limits of its permissible values. We presented a forecast, showing the most likely behavior of the analyzed indicator in the strategic perspective until 2030, revealed that the target value of the indicator, defined at the level of 97%, significantly exceeds the results of trend forecasting, which is indicative of a high risk of non-achievement of target by the key date. Conclusions. Determination of risks of failure to achieve the digital transformation of national development objectives should become an essential stage in the procedure for monitoring the implementation of strategic planning documents in Russia.

A Systematic Literature Review of Partnership Development at the University–Industry–Government Nexus

The increasingly entrepreneurial intent of universities implies the commercialization of knowledge and innovation through the triple helix of interactions between universities, industry and government. However, there remains a lack of clarity concerning best practice partnerships for innovation. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides insights onto the development of partnerships at the university–industry–government nexus and builds on the existing top-down/bottom-up approach for the creation of intermediaries of innovation. The SLR describes the evolution of these intermediaries, which is driven both by criteria set by partners and the globalization of the knowledge economy. This SLR reveals that the partnership structure most likely to further economic and broader societal goals is the living lab with the inherent focus on open innovation and co-creation. This SLR reveals that the living lab structure (and including sustainability labs and urban living labs) is the partnership structure utilized for innovation that addresses economic, social and environmental goals. Two areas are recommended for further research. One concerns the development of a deeper understanding of the relationship between the evolution in the structures of partnerships for innovation and how it is influenced by the globalization of the economy, society and environment, and changing modes of knowledge production. The other is to better understand why the living lab approach to partnership creation is best suited to the delivery of sustainable development objectives and how this learning can be applied to other models of partnership development at the university–industry–government nexus.

Analysis of application development needs and discussion on the platform architecture of the Internet of Things

To improve the development efficiency of Internet of Things applications and meet the needs of innovative projects. In this paper, two methods are used to analyze the application development requirements of the Internet of Things, namely, modularization analysis and development characteristics analysis. In modular analysis, development objectives are divided into a series of modules with strong robustness based on the functional requirements in the project. In the analysis of development characteristics, development suggestions are put forward according to the difference of development characteristics between the node side and server-side of the Internet of Things. After the analysis, specific suggestions for the application development of the Internet of Things are put forward, including the simple selection of the hardware of the Internet of Things node, an architecture scheme of the Internet of Things platform, and the application scenarios are discussed.

Strategic Procurement Planning: Guidance Note on Procurement

This guidance note aims to assist borrowers in developing a procurement strategy and procurement plan for projects financed in whole or in part by an ADB loan or grant, or by ADB-administered funds. Effective and strategic procurement planning helps ensure that fit-for-purpose procurement approaches are developed to achieve value for money and the project’s development objectives. The note enables borrowers to take a flexible approach to developing a procurement strategy and procurement plan, applying tools and techniques widely used across public and private sector organizations to provide the necessary intelligence to make sound procurement decisions.

The relevance of vocational education to the livelihoods of rural youth, Luang Prabang Province, Laos

<p>Poverty reduction is a top global development priority. Among Least Developed Countries (a United Nations measurement which includes Laos), poverty reduction has been set as the highest development priority for governments, especially since the early 2000s. Scholars and researchers argue that raising national human capital through the provision of equitable access and quality of education could not only reduce poverty, but also increase economic growth, promote democracy, and ensure the sustainability of development. This research examines specifically the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in supporting the livelihoods of rural people, especially the Indigenous youth in Luang Prabang province, situated in northern Laos. A sustainable livelihood approach, with an emphasis on human capital and human capabilities, was employed to examine this relationship. Qualitative and ethnographic research methodologies were employed, with interviews, a focus group and transect walks used as methods for data collection and analysis. Results show that the current TVET policy and interventions have concentrated primarily on achieving (income) poverty reduction and economic development objectives, neglecting the importance of other multiple dimensions of human development. This research also reveals that the livelihood aspirations of rural youth are diverse and extend beyond economic prospects. They aspire for general wellbeing, democracy (self-agency and freedom) and social justice. If these dimensions of human development are to be promoted, the government may need to reshape its policy direction by incorporating a human capabilities approach in TVET, or more broadly in the national education system, while still fulfilling the desire for economic development objectives.</p>

The relevance of vocational education to the livelihoods of rural youth, Luang Prabang Province, Laos

<p>Poverty reduction is a top global development priority. Among Least Developed Countries (a United Nations measurement which includes Laos), poverty reduction has been set as the highest development priority for governments, especially since the early 2000s. Scholars and researchers argue that raising national human capital through the provision of equitable access and quality of education could not only reduce poverty, but also increase economic growth, promote democracy, and ensure the sustainability of development. This research examines specifically the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in supporting the livelihoods of rural people, especially the Indigenous youth in Luang Prabang province, situated in northern Laos. A sustainable livelihood approach, with an emphasis on human capital and human capabilities, was employed to examine this relationship. Qualitative and ethnographic research methodologies were employed, with interviews, a focus group and transect walks used as methods for data collection and analysis. Results show that the current TVET policy and interventions have concentrated primarily on achieving (income) poverty reduction and economic development objectives, neglecting the importance of other multiple dimensions of human development. This research also reveals that the livelihood aspirations of rural youth are diverse and extend beyond economic prospects. They aspire for general wellbeing, democracy (self-agency and freedom) and social justice. If these dimensions of human development are to be promoted, the government may need to reshape its policy direction by incorporating a human capabilities approach in TVET, or more broadly in the national education system, while still fulfilling the desire for economic development objectives.</p>

Climate Change and the Green Transition in South Africa

Climate change is one of the most complex challenges facing South Africa as the country designs plans and policies for future economic growth and development. Higher temperatures and more variable rainfall are already affecting the economy and are expected to continue for decades. The degree to which climate change affects different regions in South Africa is likely to vary significantly, characterized by wide ranges in the direction and magnitude of change in key climate variables, especially precipitation. These uncertainties interact with South Africa’s growth and development challenges and complicate planning and policy formation in support national development objectives. This chapter presents key research on changes in climate experienced in South Africa in recent years, along with projected changes in years to come. It illustrates the uncertainties related to climate change and the key channels through which climate change affects the economy. The economic and developmental impacts of such changes are presented along with the lessons for adaptation policy. As energy will be a key focus area for mitigation efforts in the country, this chapter also outlines the implications of such a transition and the factors that need to be accounted for in limiting the impacts on vulnerable populations.