immune organs
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

219
(FIVE YEARS 62)

H-INDEX

27
(FIVE YEARS 5)

2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Mo ◽  
Bowen Hu ◽  
Qihong Zhang ◽  
Zhuohao Ruan ◽  
Wangyu Li ◽  
...  

AbstractTo understand the differences in immune responses between early feathering (EF) and late feathering (LF) chickens after infection with avian leukosis virus, subgroup J (ALV-J), we monitored the levels of prolactin, growth hormone and the immunoglobulins IgG and IgM in the serum of LF and EF chickens for 8 weeks. Moreover, we analysed the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and the expression of PRLR, SPEF2 and dPRLR in the immune organs and DF-1 cells by qRT–PCR. The results showed that ALV-J infection affected the expression of prolactin, growth hormone, IgG and IgM in the serum. Regardless of whether LF and EF chickens were infected with ALV-J, the serum levels of the two hormones and two immunoglobulins in EF chickens were higher than those in LF chickens (P  < 0.05). However, the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen of positive LF chickens was higher than that in the spleen of positive EF chickens. In the four immune organs, PRLR and SPEF2 expression was also higher in LF chickens than in EF chickens. Furthermore, the dPRLR expression of positive LF chickens was higher than that of negative LF chickens. After infection with ALV-J, the expression of PRLR in DF-1 cells significantly increased. In addition, overexpression of PRLR or dPRLR in DF-1 cells promoted replication of ALV-J. These results suggested that the susceptibility of LF chickens to ALV-J might be induced by dPRLR.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
P. Ardiansyah ◽  
E. Suprijatna ◽  
S. Kismiati

This study aims to evaluate the use of cassava peels added with lactic acid bacteria on the immune organ weight of super native chickens. The material used in this study was 144 Day Old Chick (DOC) super unsex native chicken with an average body weight of 34 ± 3,14 gram. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a dose of liquid feed additive in the form of a combination of cassava peel flour and lactic acid bacteria mixed with rations. The treatments in this study included T0: basal ration, T1 (basal ration + 10% feed additive ml/kg), T2 (basal ration + 15% feed additive ml/kg) and T3 (basal ration + 20% feed additive ml/kg). The parameters observed were body weight, the relative weight of lymph, thymus, and bursa Fabricius superficial chicken stock exchange. The result showed that the combination of cassava peel and lactic acid bacteria had no significant effect (P>0.05) on body weight, the relative weight of the lymph organs, thymus, and bursa Fabricius of super native chickens. This research concludes that the combination of cassava peel and lactic acid bacteria as a feed additive can maintain chickens' health by not increasing the relative weight of the super native chicken immune organs to the level of 200 ml/kg.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ha-Rim Kim ◽  
Ye-Seul Kim ◽  
Dong-Ryung Lee ◽  
Bong-Keun Choi ◽  
Kang-Beom Kwon ◽  
...  

Echinacea purpurea (EP) has been widely used to treat upper respiratory infections, influenza, and the common cold. It can also exert various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. However, the potential of EP to modulate immune reactions remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of EP in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressed mice. In this study, EP extract (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg) was orally administered to cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Then, indexes of immune organs, including the spleen and thymus, were recorded. Splenocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activities were measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Subsets of T cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+, were measured by flow cytometry, and immuno-cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The immunosuppressed mice showed decreased thymus and spleen indexes and immune cell activities. Treatment of EP elevated the indexes of immune organs, splenocyte proliferation, and NK cell activities in CP-induced immunosuppressed mice. Simultaneously, administration of EP reversed the CP-induced decrease in T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) and immunocytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Taken together, these findings suggest that EP could be used to enhance health and immunity in immunosuppressed conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5754
Author(s):  
Keiichi Yamanaka

The skin is one of the largest immune organs that involve innate and acquired immune systems, and is able to respond to internal and exogenous stimuli, producing a large amount of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in systemic inflammation [...]


Author(s):  
A Sikandar ◽  
H Zaneb ◽  
A Nasir ◽  
A Rehman ◽  
M Kashif ◽  
...  

The effect of Bacillus subtilis on the immune responses and morphometry of the immune organs was evaluated in broilers challenged with S. gallinarum.  For this purpose, Salmonella-free birds (n = 240) were split into four groups with six replicates of ten birds each. Groups included an NC (negative control, non-infected + non-medicated), a PC-S (positive control, Salmonella-infected + non-medicated), an AT-S (Salmonella-infected + medicated with enrofloxacin), and a BS-S (Salmonella-infected + B. subtilis (2.0 × 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/g; 0.1 g/kg) group. On day 21, the thickness of the thymus cortex and medulla, germinal centre area of the spleen, bursal follicular length and bursal follicular area increased (P &lt; 0.05) in the BS-S when compared to the NC and PC-S groups. On day 35, the BS-S group exhibited a higher (P &lt; 0.05) antibody titre against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and cortex of the thymus was thicker (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the other groups. A decrease in the thymus medulla thickness, germinal area of the spleen and bursal follicular number were noted in the PC-S group when compared to the other treatment groups. In conclusion, the prophylactic use of B. subtilis type probiotics alleviated the stress resulting from a Salmonella gallinarum infection and improved the immune organs development and function in infected broilers.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon Parker

<p>In this study the ontogeny of the hapuka (Polyprion oxygeneios) immune system was studied during larval development. In teleost fish, the head kidney, thymus, and spleen are generally regarded as important immune organs. The head kidney was observed at 4 days post hatch (dph), the spleen at 16 dph and lastly the thymus at 20 dph and all 3 lymphoid organs were relatively well developed by 45 dph. The immune genes CSF1R, C3, MHCIIα, TCRα, TCRβ, RAG1, IgM and IgZ were examined by RT-PCR to investigate the leucocyte development. Macrophages appear to be present from hatch with both CSF1R and MHCIIα expression from 1 dph, while IgM is expressed at 9 dph. T-cells appear later in hapuka with TCRβ expression first detected at 32 dph whereas TCRα was not expressed until after 63 dph. Immunostaining using a monoclonal antibody against fish IgM detected IgM in the head kidney at 12 dph, the spleen at 32 dph, the intestinal tract at 45 dph and lastly the thymus at 50 dph. Comparison of the leucocyte populations in juveniles and adults indicated that innate cell populations are late to develop, while the adaptive cells mature earlier in hapuka than expected. Finally, the maternal transfer of immunity was examined and while lysozyme and IgM appear to be transferred, complement does not. Overall this study provides insight into the developmental sequence of immune organs and cells and will be useful in understanding the timing of immune competence in juveniles and adult hapuka.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon Parker

<p>In this study the ontogeny of the hapuka (Polyprion oxygeneios) immune system was studied during larval development. In teleost fish, the head kidney, thymus, and spleen are generally regarded as important immune organs. The head kidney was observed at 4 days post hatch (dph), the spleen at 16 dph and lastly the thymus at 20 dph and all 3 lymphoid organs were relatively well developed by 45 dph. The immune genes CSF1R, C3, MHCIIα, TCRα, TCRβ, RAG1, IgM and IgZ were examined by RT-PCR to investigate the leucocyte development. Macrophages appear to be present from hatch with both CSF1R and MHCIIα expression from 1 dph, while IgM is expressed at 9 dph. T-cells appear later in hapuka with TCRβ expression first detected at 32 dph whereas TCRα was not expressed until after 63 dph. Immunostaining using a monoclonal antibody against fish IgM detected IgM in the head kidney at 12 dph, the spleen at 32 dph, the intestinal tract at 45 dph and lastly the thymus at 50 dph. Comparison of the leucocyte populations in juveniles and adults indicated that innate cell populations are late to develop, while the adaptive cells mature earlier in hapuka than expected. Finally, the maternal transfer of immunity was examined and while lysozyme and IgM appear to be transferred, complement does not. Overall this study provides insight into the developmental sequence of immune organs and cells and will be useful in understanding the timing of immune competence in juveniles and adult hapuka.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Jiuzhou Song ◽  
Yanghua He ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Fei Tian ◽  
Keji Zhao ◽  
...  

Abstract Marek’s disease (MD) is one of the top priority diseases in chicken. The mechanisms through which immune cells react to virus infection and pathway signals represent the fundamental cell biological question to defeat MD. We hypothesized epigenetic status in immune organs and cells is directly associated with how the Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection influences intrinsic transcriptional and regulatory networks in MD. To investigate the epigenetics in CD4+ T cells induced by MDV infection, we assembled a multifaceted approach with epigenetics, deep sequencing, and computational methods together to explore the roles of epigenetics in unique inbred lines of chickens. First, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis in the immune organs from resistant line 63 and susceptible line 72 chickens was performed to explore disease resistance mechanisms. MDV infection influences both cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and cellular development in resistant and susceptible chickens. Second, we examined the epigenetic status of CD4+ T cells induced by MDV infection, including DNA methylations, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structures. Our results revealed more than 5,000 epigenetic modification changes (FDR&lt; 0.01) and methylation changes (&gt;15,000, FDR&lt; 0.01) caused by MDV infection. Only resistant line 63 chickens could initiate robust adaptive immune responses at the transcription level (&gt;200 genes, FDR&lt; 0.05). The increase in chromatin accessibility (P &lt; 0.001) and chromosome reorganization represented by A/B compartment flipping were related to up-regulated genes induced by MDV infection ten days post-infection in line 63 chickens. Our findings provided a deeper insight into the CD4+ T cell commitment and responses toward viral infection. In particular, the identifications of cis-acting and trans-acting regulations and lipid pathways will improve our understanding of the sequence, structural basis of RNA-protein, and RNA-DNA interactions and serve as the impetus for mechanistic studies to refine the genomic and epigenetic control of MD resistance in poultry.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document