Stratigraphic correlations between the Brabant Massif and the Stavelot, Rocroi and Givonne inliers (Belgium) and geological implications

The Caledonian basement crops out in the middle and southern part of Belgium in two major tectonic units: the Brabant Massif in the Brabant Parautochthon and the Stavelot-Venn, Rocroi, Givonne and Serpont inliers in the Ardenne Allochthon. The main aim of this work is to achieve a chronostratigraphic correlation between the Brabant Massif and the Ardenne inliers, from the lower Cambrian to the Middle Ordovician. Throughout his career, Michel Vanguestaine established an informal acritarch biozonation for this basement, which is only linked to the international stratigraphic scale in vigour at that time. Our first step was to correlate these informal biozones with the trilobite (Cambrian) and graptolite (Ordovician) biozonations which are currently well correlated with the chronostratigraphy. Then, compilation of the literature concerning each of these sedimentary units makes it possible to assign a chronostratigraphic position to their constituent formations. This work has permitted the establishment of a complete chart of the stratigraphic correlations between the Brabant Massif and the three main Ardenne inliers (Stavelot-Venn, Rocroi and Givonne). Geological implications are discussed: the Brabant Massif and the Ardenne inliers formed a single sedimentation basin with different and rheologically contrasting basements (rift and shoulder). New arguments confirm the presence of a Caledonian orogeny in the Ardenne.

Exploratory study of municipal wastewater primary sedimentation basin effluent treatment using an upflow anaerobic filter

This report describes the results of exploratory tests conducted using a 95-liter upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) bioreactor test unit fed raw primary sedimentation basin effluent at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The main objectives of the exploratory study were to obtain substrate conversion and hydraulic data for use in making full-scale projections, evaluate potential biofilm support materials, and to assess the suitability of the upflow anaerobic filter unit process as part of a new concept for a complete municipal wastewater treatment plant. The tests were conducted using available equipment with no effort made to optimize the system. The main findings of the tests are: COD loading rate: 2,1 kg COD/m3/day, hydraulic retention time: 3 hours, average influent energy conversion: 71% (Influent HHV -effluent HHV), biogas CH4 content up to 65%, stable operation at 16°C, evaluation of different biofilm support materials (see text), non-biodegradable ash and phenolic compounds account for at least 63% of the total solids contained in primary sedimentation basin effluent and they are the most important contributors to turbidity.

Facial features of the Paleocene-Eocene deposits of advanced units of the Skyba zone of Ukrainian Carpathians

There three main types of facies of Paleocene-Eocene complexes: sandy, siltstone and argillite distinguished within the study area by the nature of the distribution of the strata of the forming components were highlighted. Тhey accumulated avalanche at the foot of the continental slope and formed various facial parts of the foehn (Upper, Middle and Lower foehn). In the upper part of the Foehn was accumulated coarse-grained sediments (clusters of deep boulders and other psephyto-psammitic material containing edaphogenic rocks). Under the action of geostrophic and bottom currents, silt streams of pelitic and psammitic material moved in the direction to the south and south-east of the Carpathian sedimentation basin, forming sandy-clay and clay facies (Middle and Lower foehn). During the turbidite movement of a large amount of sediment from the first (shelf) to the second (foot of the continental slope) level of avalanche sedimentation, sorting and distribution of sediments on the continental slope took place. Based on the analysis of the material composition of Paleocene-Eocene sediments of the study area by such criteria as the size of the fragment, sedimentary textures and the ratio of different rocks, 7 facies were identified, which were deposited as gravitational flows down on the continental slope. Reconstructions of Paleocene-Eocene age flysch deposits showed that terrigene material in the studied sedimentation basin came from two sources – one of which was northwest of the study area and was characterized by a predominance of coarse-grained sandy sediments, while the source wear, which was in the central part of the studied basin was characterized by a predominance of clay silt and fine-grained psammitic material. This nature of the distribution of terrigenous material had a decisive influence on the further formation of Paleocene end Eocene sedimentary strata in the process of sedimentogenesis and post-sedimentary transformations of sediments, and on the formation of reservoir rocks and rocks with potential reservoir properties for hydrocarbon exploration. It has been established that the composition of the Psamitolites of the flysch formation of the Paleocene and Eocene ages of the Carpathians was formed on the passive continental margin or in the inland and boundary seas, and their genesis mostly corresponds only to the platform source of material wear.

Sedimentation in the Sturfjord straight (Svalbard) under climate change.

Study of the processes of modern sedimentation in the Sturfjord strait, a vast area of discharge of glacier runoff from the Svalbard archipelago, were carried out.The granulometric composition of bottom sediments was studied, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about changes in sedimentation conditions in the strait.It is shown that sedimentary material enters the strait due to fluvioglacial flows. The role of ice transport is weakened. Since the middle of the last century, the type of sediment in the sedimentation basin has changed.

The situation of studies of the Upper Paleozoic reefogenic formations on the Podcherem River (Bol'shaya Synya Depression, Pre-Urals Foredeep)

Different views on the Upper Paleozoic reefogenic limestones in the section of the Podcherem River during the period from 1960 to 2003 are presented. There are contradictory opinions of thickness, age, and section structure of the Upper Carboniferous (?) — Lower Permian reefogenic limestones of the Podcherem River. Underscore, a different interpretation of their paleogeographic position in the sedimentation basin and modern tectonic structure. To resolve controversial questions, focused research on theis reefogenic limestones is necessary.

Effect of the Horizontal Perforated Plates on the Turbidity Removal Efficiency in Water Treatment Plant of Tikrit University

The study aims to show effect of adding the circular perforated plates in sedimentation basin in horizontal position on the efficiency of the sedimentation basin as was the use of perforated panels with circular holes and placed inside the sedimentation basin and took two levels of turbidity of the water 125 and 150 NTU respectively in the Tigris river during the preparation of the study with variable hydraulic load and the efficiency was calculated at each case of plates in the basin where the variables that were adopted is the number of perforated panels so that the ratio of the area of holes/total area of panel is 20% , and also variation in water turbidity levels and the hydraulic load. The result showed a significant decrease in the output turbidity levels from sedimentation tank with the use of perforated panels at the raw water turbidity 150 NTU and hydraulic load between 0.9 and 1.2 m3/m2.hr were 95% higher efficiency when three panels were put and hydraulic load 0,9 m3/m2.hr, while there was fluctuation with some of hydraulic load levels at turbidity level of 125 NTU and same number of panels

Anoxia markers in the photic layer of the sedimentation basin in the oils of Tatarstan

It is established that the source rocks for the oils of Tatarstan was formed under similar conditions in the presence of anoxia in the photic layer of the sedimentation basin that existed during the whole time of accumulation of the initial organic matter at a considerable thickness of the layer infected with hydrogen sulphide. It is not excluded that disturbances in the existence of anoxia existed or thickness of the infected layer was reduced that resulted in decreasing of anoxia markers content for some oils. Biocenoses of microflora in the sedimentation layer contaminated by hydrogen sulfide demonstrate high stability. Transformation conditions of the buried organic matter in diagenesis and catagenesis were uniform, which manifests itself in approximately the same ratio between the depth of the complete hydrogenation and cyclization of the initial polyene aromatic carotenoids, the closeness of the molecular mass distributions of the C-C bond destruction products of components C40 and relatively small differences in the total concentration of monoaromatic compounds and the sum of hydrogenated analogs of the initial aromatic carotenoids. Analysis of content of the components – anoxia markers throughout the whole Devonian section is needed to establish the complexes that generated oils of Tatarstan.

Age and sources of detrital zircons from Jurassic conglomerates of the Strelka Depression (northern frame of the Mongol-Okhotsk fold belt)

The article presents the results of U-Th-Pb geochronological studies of clastic zircons from cement of the Jurassic conglomerates of the Strelka Depression extended in a sublatitudinal direction along the border between the southern margin of the Selengino-Stanovoy Superterrane and the Mongol-Okhotsk fold belt. It has been shown that Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean zircons dominate in the conglomerate cement. This indicates that the main demolition of the material to the sedimentation basin was carried out from the southeastern frame of the North Asian Craton (from the north in modern coordinates). In our view, the Strelka Depression formed after the completion of orogenic processes associated with the formation of the Mongolo-Okhotsk structure.