Speech Error In “Get Real Giving Thanks With Sam Kim Ep #22 By Dive Studios” Video Podcast

The aim of the study is to describe the speech errors and to find out the causes of the speech errors that occurred in the video podcast Get Real Givingthanks with Sam Kim Ep 22. The researchers collected data using the documentation method and applied qualitative analysis. The data for this research were the utterances from video podcast Get Real Givingthanks with Sam Kim Ep 22. The source of the data was a video between the hosts, Ashley and BM, and the guest, Sam Kim, which was downloaded from the official DIVE Studios YouTube Channel with durations of 46 minutes. The data were described based on the theory of Common Speech Errors by Clark Clark (1977). According to the results, it was shown that Ashley made 9 types of errors totaling 47 errors, but BM made 8 types so he did not made errors in types of stutters totaling 80 errors, and Sam made 9 types totaling 106 errors. For the causes of the speech errors are due to internal and external factors such as nervousness, hesitation, haste, and lacking concentration. The total number of speech errors made by the speakers 233 mistakes. As a result of speech errors, 52 repetitions occurred because it happened the most and Sam did it the most. Filled pause occurred 46 mistakes, both Sam and BM produced the most errors. For Silent pause, 41 mistakes, and all speakers made the error. Interjections occurred 37 mistakes but Ashley made the fewest mistakes. False Starts (unretraceed) occurred 14 mistakes, not only BM did 4 mistakes but Ashley also did 4 mistakes. Corrections occurred 13 mistakes but BM only made 2 mistakes. For Stutters happened 13 mistakes, both Asley and Sam made the most mistakes but BM didn't exist. Slip of the tongue happened 11 mistakes and Ashley only made one mistake. False starts (retraced) occurred 6 mistakes and this is the least common type.

Structural Disconnection of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Reduces Speech Error Monitoring

Optimal performance in any task relies on the ability to detect and repair errors. The anterior cingulate cortex and the broader posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) are active during error processing. However, it is unclear whether damage to the pMFC impairs error monitoring. We hypothesized that successful error monitoring critically relies on connections between the pMFC and broader cortical networks involved in executive functions and the task being monitored. We tested this hypothesis in the context of speech error monitoring in people with post-stroke aphasia. Diffusion weighted images were collected in 51 adults with chronic left-hemisphere stroke and 37 age-matched control participants. Whole-brain connectomes were derived using constrained spherical deconvolution and anatomically-constrained probabilistic tractography. Support vector regressions identified white matter connections in which lost integrity in stroke survivors related to reduced error detection during confrontation naming. Lesioned connections to the bilateral pMFC were related to reduced error monitoring, including many connections to regions associated with speech production and executive function. We conclude that connections to the pMFC support error monitoring. Error monitoring in speech production is supported by the structural connectivity between the pMFC and regions involved in speech production and executive function. Interactions between pMFC and other task relevant processors may similarly be critical for error monitoring in other task contexts.

SLIP OF THE TONGUE IN BARACK OBAMA INTERVIEW AT THE AXE FILE

This study examines the type of slip of the tongue in Barack Obama's interview at The Axe Files. It also analyzes the possible factors causing the error in speech production in the context of political discourse. It used Fromkin’s and Clark’s theories to investigate the audio data on The Axe File episode 108 and 288 published in 2016 and 2018. The result shows that Obama employed anticipation, perseveration, transposition, substitution, blend, and haplologies. The dominant type produced in the interview is substitution. In addition, the factors influencing slip production are cognitive difficulty, situational anxiety, and social factors. These findings can be a reference for EFL teachers to show the various type of speech error produced in political discourses by native speakers. Further researchers are expected to use other relevant theories to classify a slip of the tongue in several other contexts.

Simulating Speech Error Patterns Across Languages and Different Datasets

Children’s speech acquisition is influenced by universal and language-specific forces. Some speech error patterns (or phonological processes) in children’s speech are observed in many languages, but the same error pattern may have different effects in different languages. We aimed to explore phonological effects of the same speech error patterns across different languages, target audiences and discourse modes, using a novel method for large-scale corpus investigation. As an additional aim, we investigated the face validity of five different phonological effect measures by relating them to subjective ratings of assumed effects on intelligibility, as provided by practicing speech-language pathologists. Six frequently attested speech error patterns were simulated in authentic corpus data: backing, fronting, stopping, /r/-weakening, cluster reduction and weak syllable deletion—each simulation resulting in a “misarticulated” version of the original corpus. Phonological effects were quantified using five separate metrics of phonological complexity and distance from expected target forms. Using Swedish child-speech data as a reference, phonological effects were compared between this reference and a) child speech in Norwegian and English, and b) data representing different modes of discourse (spoken/written) and target audiences (adults/children) in Swedish. Of the speech error patterns, backing—the one atypical pattern of those included—was found to cause the most detrimental effects, across languages as well as across modes and speaker ages. However, none of the measures reflects intuitive rankings as provided by clinicians regarding effects on intelligibility, thus corroborating earlier reports that phonological competence is not translatable into levels of intelligibility.

A Study of Speech Error Phenomena T.O.T Experienced by Advanced EFL Speakers

This work is inspecting the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, as a sample of advanced EFL users would experience it. It is grounded on the hypothesis that since speaking is a universal process for all human beings, then production models and theories should be universal too, for describing and explaining any phenomenon in any language used whether that language is a native or a foreign language and the occurrence T.O.T. (tip-of-the-tongue) phenomenon in specific. For this reason, advanced EFL users could experience such a phenomenon when using the English language for their every day or their academic life. This paper consists of a theoretical part in which it is considered the basis for defining and explaining the T.O.T. phenomenon and understanding the discussion of the study's expected results. However, in the discussion part, the researcher sheds light on the practical side that contains the questionnaire work analysis, the discussion of the results, and the conclusion that would be expected to be achieved. Based on the above hypothesis while, there were a restricted number of the T.O.T.s; conversely, in such cases, nearly most of the production of speech models and theories that explain the T.O.T. phenomenon is applicable. Concerning the identified T.O.T.s cases, they occurred more with deficient neighbourhoods than words that have sufficient neighbourhoods.

SLIPS OF THE TONGUE IN INDONESIAN DAILY CONVERSATION: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC VIEW

This research aims at analyzing speech errors, also known as slips of the tongue madeby adult Indonesians as native speakers. Those errors were analyzed regarding types andbackground of the occurence with Meringer’s theory of slips of the tongue as the framework ofthe research. This research is mainly qualitative with a descriptive approach within thepsycholinguistics view. The results show that slips of the tongue occurred by adult Indonesian asnative speakers were: 1. Exchange, 2. Anticipation, 3. Postposition, 4. Contamination, and 5.Substitution. Researchs about slips of the tongue can provide input to the language process whichis very important for language teaching. Language teachers can interact better with students if theproblems as the sources of the students' errors are identified. Above all, by comprehending varioustypes of speech errors we can increase our understanding of the acquisition, production, andperception of our language thoroughly.Key Words: speech error; slips of the tongue; psycholinguistics

Monitorowanie wypowiedzi a realizacja intencji w procesie mówienia

Speech production is complex and high organized process. It starts with some intention, which in following steps is transformed into articulated and audible form. Sometimes speech production fails and results in a speech error (or a slip of the tongue), which changes meaning of the utterance and disturbs the process of the realization of intention. However, speech monitoring helps to detect and repair the error with respect to the original intention of the speaker. Thus the speaking appears as a way of the realization of intention and the intention plays integrational function in relation to the process of speaking. According to Frydrychowicz (1999), the process of the realization of intention can be divided into several phases, distinguished by psychophysical features of speaking. He found that voice intensity is highest when the speaker is close to fully realizing the intention. The aim of the current study is to examine this voice intensity effect in relation to speech error repairs as speaking units which re-establish the process of the realization of intention. The question is, howthese corrections of the course of speech are reflected in the voice intensity? The results obtained from errors and repairs induced in the dual task paradigm show that voice intensity rises when the speaker makes a self-repair by speaking a correct word.

The cerebellum is involved in internal and external speech error monitoring

An fMRI study examined how speakers inspect their own speech for errors. In a word production task, we observed enhanced involvement of the right posterior cerebellum for trials that were correct, but on which participants were more likely to make a word-as compared to a non-word error. Furthermore, comparing errors to correctly produced utterances, we observed increased activation of the same cerebellar region, in addition to temporal and medial frontal regions. Within the framework associating the cerebellum to forward modelling of upcoming actions, this indicates that forward models of verbal actions contain information about word representations used for error monitoring even before articulation (internal monitoring). Additional resources relying on speech perception and conflict monitoring are deployed during articulation to detect overt errors (external monitoring). In summary, speech monitoring seems to recruit a network of brain regions serving domain general purposes, even for abstract levels of processing.