gallbladder mucosa
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2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukai Xiang ◽  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Chuanqi He ◽  
Jingli Cai ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Pancreaticobiliary reflux (PBR) causes chronic inflammation of the gallbladder mucosa and changes in the bile components, which are known to promote gallstone formation. This study aimed to investigate the bile biochemistry changes in gallstone patients with PBR and provide new clues for research on the involvement of PBR in gallstone formation. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for gallstones between December 2020 and May 2021 were eligible for inclusion. The bile biochemistry (including amylase, lipase, triglyceride, cholesterol, free fatty acids [FFAs], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and γ-glutamyl transferase [γ-GT]) of the included gallstone patients was analysed to determine correlations with PBR. Results In this study, 144 gallstone patients who underwent surgery were enrolled. Overall, 15.97 % of the patients had an increased bile amylase level, which was associated with older age and significantly higher bile levels of ALP, lipase, triglyceride, and FFAs. Positive correlations were observed between amylase and lipase, triglyceride, FFAs levels in the gallbladder bile. However, the bile levels of triglyceride, FFAs, and lipase were positively correlated with each other only in the PBR group and showed no significant correlation in the control (N) group. In addition, elevated bile FFAs levels were found to be an independent risk factor for gallbladder wall thickening. Conclusions In conclusion, PBR-induced increase in FFAs and triglyceride in the gallbladder bile is a cause of gallstone formation, and an increase in bile ALP suggests the presence of cholestasis in PBR.


2020 ◽  
pp. 106689692096081
Author(s):  
Arun Gopinath ◽  
Ahmad Alkhasawneh ◽  
Aysha Mubeen ◽  
Raafat Makary ◽  
Ibraheem Mohammed ◽  
...  

Multiple groups have recently reported involvement of the gallbladder mucosa of immunocompetent patients by cystoisospora organisms. However, this has recently been disproved with the support of molecular and ultrastructural studies. Here we present a summary of these events, recounting how this pseudo-Cystoisospora epidemic began and ended. This review also highlights the important role played by ancillary techniques in supplementing the morphologic diagnosis of pathogens.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Öfner

Summary A gallbladder polyp (GP) is defined as an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps (GPs) have an estimated prevalence in adults of 0.3–12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered “true” GPs that have malignant potential or are even already cancerous. The most important imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up of GPs is transabdominal ultrasound, but it fails to discriminate between true and pseudo polyps at a clinically relevant level. Although gallbladder cancer (GBC) arising from polyps is a rare event, malignancy is significantly more common among polyps from a size of 10 mm. In light of this, the consensus, which is reflected in current guidelines, is that surgery should be considered for polyps of 10 mm or greater. However, 10 mm is an arbitrary cutoff, and high-quality evidence to support this is lacking. Lowering the threshold for cholecystectomy when patients have additional risk factors for gallbladder malignancy may improve the cancer detection rate in polyps smaller than 10 mm. Nevertheless, the evidence behind this is also weak. This review shows the shortcomings in the available evidence and underlines the decision-making process regarding the surgical indication, surveillance, or both.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1753-1762
Author(s):  
Shamshad Bano ◽  
Lal Bakhsh ◽  
Gulshad Wagan ◽  
Asad Ali Zardari ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Bangulzai ◽  
...  

Cholelithiasis is known to produce diverse histopathological changes in the gallbladder mucosa. Objectives: To observe the morphological changes in the gall bladder mucosa associated with cholelithiasis. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Anatomy, Jamshoro with collaboration of Department of Pathology, LUMHS, Jamshoro. Period: April 2016 to October 2016. Material and Methods: All the cases after diagnosis of cholelithiasis with all age groups (20 to 50 years) in male and female were included. Gallstones were assessed for various parameters, i.e., number, size, and morphological type. Gallbladder mucosa was subjected to histopathological examination. Sections of the body, the fundus and the bottom of the gallbladder were drawn. 01 cm of the body, the body, and the bottom of the gallbladder were drawn from the funduse and prepared for histological research. Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) version 22.0. Results: Total 87 cases were selected and average age of 49.95±6.14 years of male was seen in a gall bladder width and length in the gallbladder and gallbladder length in both sex of P-value 0.07 while male of female average were 41.30añ6.62, age range from 30 to 52 years. Sixty-seven (77.0%) cases had multiple stones. 29 (33.3 percent) patients had congested the serological layer, while 58 (66.7 percent) were usually impacted. Mucosa hemorrhagic in 22(25.3%) cases, atrophic in 51(58.6%) cases and nodular in 4(4.6%) cases. 36(41.4%) gall bladders reported normal results, 41(47.1%), 1(1.1%), and 3(3.4%) were identified with Fibrosis, and 2(2.3%) are found with Fibrosis. Many cases were linked to fibrosis, dysplasia, and hyperplasia, compared to single calculus (P value 0.048). There was no substantial difference between normal and thickened gall bladders in the microscopic tests (P value 0.26). Fibrosis, dysprasia and hyperplasia are correlated mainly with internal mucus detections (P value 0.002). Hemorrhagic mucous membranes are found mainly. Conclusion: Hemorrhagic and fibrotic changes were the most common mucosal findings, and significantly associated with multiple cholelithiasis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Nanako Ushio ◽  
James K. Chambers ◽  
Ken-ichi Watanabe ◽  
Takuya E. Kishimoto ◽  
Takanori Shiga ◽  
...  

Primary epithelial tumors of the gallbladder are rarely reported in animals. In this study, 9 aged pigs (6–12 years old) were histopathologically examined for gallbladder proliferative lesions. At necropsy, a large gallstone occupied the lumen of the gallbladder of 3 pigs. Histopathological examination revealed chronic cholecystitis in all 9 pigs, mucosal hyperplasia in 2 pigs, adenoma in 1 pig, and adenocarcinoma in 2 pigs. Bacilli were detected in the gallbladder lumen of 6 pigs by Warthin-Starry stain. Mucosal hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were characterized by papillary projections of the mucosa with occasional acinar structures. Tumor invasion of the surrounding tissue was observed in the cases of adenocarcinoma. On Alcian blue and periodic acid–Schiff double-stained sections, the acinar structure of gallbladder mucosa in chronic cholecystitis and mucosal hyperplasia was stained in a mosaic pattern, indicating pyloric gland metaplasia. The results of immunohistochemistry revealed a CD10-positive epithelial brush border and mucin (MUC) 2–positive goblet cells in chronic cholecystitis, adenoma, and adenocarcinomas, indicating intestinal metaplasia. Immunoreactivity of MUC5 AC and cytokeratin 19 was weaker in adenoma and adenocarcinomas compared with the normal and hyperplastic gallbladder mucosa. The number of p53-positive nuclei and the Ki-67 index were higher in adenocarcinomas compared with benign lesions. These results suggest that chronic cholecystitis associated with gallstones and/or bacterial infections may contribute to metaplastic changes and development of gallbladder tumors in aged pigs. Alteration of mucin, cytokeratin, and p53 profiles in gallbladder proliferative lesions in pigs were similar to that in humans, suggesting a common pathogenesis in tumor development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. PT01-PT03
Author(s):  
Seema Gupta ◽  
◽  
Shweta Khandelwal ◽  
Vandana Porwal ◽  
Deepali Jain ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Sing ◽  
Guramritpal Singh ◽  
Kanwardeep Kaur ◽  
Gagandeep Goyal ◽  
Girish Saini ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215265671986960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Kuwahara ◽  
Yoshiki Kobayashi ◽  
Yasutaka Yun ◽  
Akira Kanda ◽  
Mikiya Asako ◽  
...  

Background Eosinophilic cholecystitis (EC) is a rare condition that presents in a manner comparable to acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis is based on classical symptoms of cholecystitis with excessive eosinophilic infiltration within the gallbladder. EC has been reported alone or in combination with manifestations, such as eosinophilic gastrointestinal tract inflammation. However, association with airway inflammation in patients with EC is rare. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65-year-old man who had refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with bronchial asthma. A second endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was performed as treatment for recurrent nasal polyps. EC occurred while inhaled corticosteroids were reduced after ESS. Pathologic examination of the excised gallbladder demonstrated submucosal infiltration with a number of eosinophils. Furthermore, immunohistostaining revealed many galectin-10-positive cells in both the gallbladder mucosa and the paranasal sinus mucosa. Galectin-10 is a major constituent of human eosinophils, also known as the Charcot–Leyden crystal protein, which has been linked with eosinophilic inflammation. Interestingly, nasal polyps were reduced without any additional treatments 1 month after the cholecystectomy. Conclusions We experienced a rare case wherein EC onset occurred in a patient with refractory eosinophilic airway inflammation during inhaled corticosteroid tapering. Galectin-10 might help diagnose rare cases of eosinophilic inflammation in multiple organs.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2194
Author(s):  
Prabakar Gunasekaran ◽  
Izhar Vinson

Background: The relation of Helicobacter pylori and its presence in gallbladder mucosa in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis has been a topic of various studies. In order to establish this relation, this study has been performed so as to bring to light the capability of the organism to harbor in the gallbladder.Methods: The patients underwent gastroscopy for specimens of gastric mucosa followed by laparoscopic/open cholecystectomy and histopathological examination of gallbladder specimen.Results: The results showed H. pylori in 16 (40%) in gastric mucosa specimens and 4 (10%) in gallbladder mucosa specimens.Conclusions: This revealed a significant correlation of H. pylori colonization in gallbladder mucosa with respect to gastric mucosa colonization. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S60
Author(s):  
Pratima Baisakh ◽  
M. Baisakh ◽  
B. Mohanty ◽  
S. Panda ◽  
S. Das ◽  
...  

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