Disposal of hazardous industrial waste in cement kiln – A pilot study of acid tar sludge

Acid tar sludge (ATS) is a hazardous waste generated in steel plants as a process by-product. ATS disposal is a major challenge for the steel industry around the world and specifically for developing nations. Hazardous wastes are usually disposed of in a dedicated expensive thermal treatment plant as per existing rules. Due to inadequate capacity of treating the total amount of hazardous waste, study of other economical options are required. India generates over 7.2 million metric tonnes of hazardous waste annually as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Government of India. Thus, co-processing of ATS in cement plant as an alternative means of disposal was studied based on a number of trials. During the five trials of 5 day each, feed rate of ATS was maintained at 0.4 tonne per hour (TPH) with an average coal feed rate of 10 TPH. No incremental variations in emissions were observed during the trials. The analysis further revealed insignificant impact on clinker quality, leach behaviour and cement property. The study also showed negligible impact on ambient air quality based on NO x, SO2, RSPM, SPM measurement at varying location around the cement plant. Thus, co-processing of hazardous waste such as ATS in cement plant can be an effective way to address the hazardous waste disposal problem in developing countries such as India.

Gamma-spectrometric measurement procedure for a clearance concept of radioactively contaminated mercury from nuclear facilities

Radioactive mercury waste constitutes a significant challenge, as no approved disposal concept yet exists for such waste in Germany. This work describes a decontamination and measurement procedure for a possible clearance of mercury from nuclear facilities and release into reuse or conventional hazardous waste disposal to reduce the amount of mercury in a nuclear repository. The measurement setup and procedure were developed and evaluated including Monte-Carlo N-Particle® Transport Code (MCNP® and Monte Carlo N-Particle® are registered trademarks owned by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, manager and operator of Los Alamos National Laboratory, (Werner 2018, Werner 2017)), simulations to ensure conservative assumptions during the measurements. Results from decontaminated mercury samples show that a clearance pursuant to the German regulations would be feasible.

Hazardous characteristics of dust waste from metal manufacturing industries in South Korea

The Ministry of Environment, South Korea, is involved in efforts to reduce safety-related accidents that could occur during hazardous waste disposal and minimise the environmental impacts of waste disposal. To reach such goals, new factors have been added that contribute to the hazardous characteristics of hazardous waste. The Ministry is also expanding regulations on inorganic and organic components present in hazardous waste for these factors and continues to correct the classification system to establish standards for waste components. Metallic dust, for example, is mostly generated during the operation of melting furnaces or precipitators and dangerous materials contained in this dust may cause accidents, such as explosions or fires. South Korean accident cases have confirmed that waste containing hazardous materials, such as Mg, Al and Mg–Al alloys, can cause such events. Therefore, this study analysed 28 dust samples collected from the dust accumulated in precipitators in 28 metal manufacturing facilities in South Korea. Nine samples were flammable and four samples were reactive to water. Two samples also exhibited leaching toxicities. The results applied to relevant laws in South Korea showed that the proportion of waste containing hazardous characteristics increased from 7.14% in the previous management category to 39.29% in the extended category, an overall increase of 32.15 percentage points.

Conditions of hazardous waste management in Poland in the context of circular economy

Along with the increase of disproportions between the rapidly growing demand for raw and essential materials and limited possibilities of obtaining them, the economy of raw and essential materials becomes the main problem of contemporary and future social and economic politics. One of the important areas of reducing this disproportion is the limitation of intensity of waste generation during production and more consistent management of accumulated waste and waste generated on a daily basis. At the same time it is a major problem of obtaining secondary raw materials and the environment protection. The selection of technology of hazardous waste disposal should take place according to the principle of circular economy. It means that the rational waste management, taking into account both ecological and economic factors, enforces the demand for maximizing the utilization of waste in all possible applications while limiting its negative impact on the environment at the same time. In the article legal acts regulating the management of hazardous waste have been analyzed. Economic and ecological criteria of the selection of technology of disposal of hazardous waste have been analyzed.

Gesture recognition vehicle using PIC microcontroller

<p>In this paper we introduce a hand controlled robotic vehicle. Hand control robotic vehicle consists of a transmitter module and a receiver module. The transmitter will be placed on a hand glove and the receiver will be placed on the motor drive along with PIC microcontroller and motor driver IC. The RF transmitter sends commands to the IC which then forwards the commands to RF receiver. The RF receiver then sends the commands to PIC microcontroller on the vehicle which processes the commands so that the vehicle moves in the specified direction. It is having proposed utility in field ofconstruction, hazardous waste disposal and field survey near borders etc. This project is developed as a travel buddy and industrial uses. Having future scope of advanced robotics that are designed and can be easily controlled using hand gesture only.</p>

Hazardous Waste Disposal Enterprise Selection in China Using Hesitant Fuzzy PROMETHEE

Because of the urgent need to protect the environment, it has become vital to deal with the dangers and particularities associated with the growth in hazardous industrial waste. Governments have begun to expand their investments in the environmental protection industry and have tightened enterprise environmental management requirements. The 13th Five-Year Plan period in China, in particular, increased the focus on the environmental supervision and enterprise environmental management. Because of the specific qualities of many types of hazardous waste, most enterprises do not have the ability to process hazardous waste and therefore must outsource the disposal to third-party contractors. However, choosing suitable hazardous waste disposal enterprises (HWDE) can be difficult. Therefore, to assist in the selection of appropriate hazardous waste disposal enterprises, this paper developed a comprehensive evaluation index system for hazardous waste disposal enterprises (EISHWDE). As multi-criteria decision-making problems involve qualitative evaluations that have semantic ambiguity, hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTS) were introduced to increase the accuracy of the evaluation process, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) used to determine the objective indicator weights, and PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) employed to determine the final order for the selected enterprises. This research developed a scientific evaluation model that industrial waste enterprises (IWE) and related organizations could use to objectively and systematically select suitable hazardous waste disposal enterprises. Then, the problems of uncertainty and fuzzy semantics in the evaluation process were solved, and the weight of each selection criteria and the ranking of alternative enterprises are given.