Residential Mobility of a Cohort of Homeless People in Times of Crisis: COVID-19 Pandemic in an European Metropolis

Most vulnerable individuals are particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study takes place in a large city in France. The aim of this study is to describe the mobility of the homeless population at the begin-ning of the health crisis and to analyze its impact in terms of COVID-19 prevalence. From June to August 2020 and September to December 2020, 1272 homeless people were invited to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and virus in and completed questionnaires. Our data show that homeless populations are sociologically dif-ferent depending on where they live. We show that people living on the street were most likely to be relocated to emergency shelters than other inhabitants. Some neighborhoods are points of attraction for homeless peo-ple in the city while others emptied during the health crisis, which had consequences for virus circulation. People with a greater number of different dwellings reported became more infected. This first study of the mo-bility and epidemiology of homeless people in time of pandemic provides unique information about mobility mapping, sociological factors of this mobility, mobility at different scales and epidemiological consequences. We suggest that homeless policies need to be radically transformed since actual model exposes people to infection in emergency.

RED W. SMITH NATIONAL LIBRARY FOR THE STUDY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, АS UNIQUE INFORMATION RESOURCE

Purpose. The article by Svetlana Polovyk and Natalia Morshny «Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington as a Unique Information Resource» reveals current issues of the Fred Smith National Library for the study of George Washington, which are analyzed in the context of history and creation of documentary fund as a set of information resources USA and the activities of the founder of the George Washington Institute of Presidential Power. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific principles of historicism, consistency, complexity, objectivity, comprehensiveness of knowledge. This was facilitated by the use of methods of analysis, abstraction, synthesis and generalization. Finding. Analysis of the composition and content of special collections stored in the library showed their important complementarity, because only together they form a single documentary and information space, which gives a real opportunity to join the historical context of an important state institution – the presidency. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the documentary heritage of D. Washington is studied as a single cultural and historical complex of the library. Practical value. Implementation of the experience Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington in the work of similar structures in Ukraine. Results. The study concludes that the history of the formation and development of the Fred Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington is closely linked to the history of the state, its ideological and sociocultural priorities. Among the main areas of use of the first president’s documentary heritage are scientific, cultural and educational projects aimed at understanding the cultural and political heritage of D. Washington and the conditions of formation and development of American statehood.

Kinds of Beauty and the Prefrontal Cortex

Much research has been done to show where in the brain there is similar activity for different kinds of beauty judgments. In the article under discussion, the authors set out to determine where in the brain unique information about different kinds of beauty is found. In their experiment, participants made beauty judgments of faces and landscapes while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). By using an analysis technique that focused on patterns of activity rather than overall activation, the authors showed that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contained unique information about each type of beauty. Understanding more about the neuroscience of how modern people evaluate beauty may help uncover larger truths about the history of human culture and art.

Mechanical metric for skeletal biomechanics derived from spectral analysis of stiffness matrix

A new metric for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of bone stiffness is introduced. It is based on the spectral decomposition of stiffness matrix computed with finite element method. The here proposed metric is defined as an amplitude rescaled eigenvalues of stiffness matrix. The metric contains unique information on the principal stiffness of bone and reflects both bone shape and material properties. The metric was compared with anthropometrical measures and was tested for sex sensitivity on pelvis bone. Further, the smallest stiffness of pelvis was computed under a certain loading condition and analyzed with respect to sex and direction. The metric complements anthropometrical measures and provides a unique information about the smallest bone stiffness independent from the loading configuration and can be easily computed by state-of-the-art subject specified finite element algorithms.

What Is Our Most Important Sense?

For most people, vision is their most important sense. Indeed, vision is crucial in many situations of our daily lives—like reading this article. Additionally, a large part of the human brain is dedicated to processing visual information, while information from the other senses is processed in much smaller brain regions. However, we should not forget about the importance of our other senses too quickly. Each sense provides us with unique information about ourselves and the world. In other words, each sense captures a different aspect of reality. If we understand this, we can start to appreciate the richness and diversity of our sensory abilities in a new way. We can be grateful that we have all of our senses and that they give us such a diverse access to the world.

Promoting Information Products and Services in Special Libraries for the Blind

Special libraries for the blind have become the unique information and cultural centres, key organizations in the formation of the inclusive society in Russia. Their activities are carried out within the framework of the inclusive paradigm, which assumes that a person with any needs can be included in public relations. New areas of interaction with users are being developed: diversity of special and inclusive programs and projects are being implemented, and innovative services are being introduced. Libraries act as focal points for working with blind people and users with other categories of disabilities, provide methodological and consulting assistance for cultural institutions of various profiles, conduct various professional development activities and provide information support to educational institutions in the field of defectology. The relevance of the article is due to the need for comprehensive promotion of unique information products and services created by libraries for the blind for people with different physical and mental special health characteristics: those suffering from dyslexia; who has suffered from severe diseases, with disabilities, etc. The promotion of information products and services becomes possible when implementing communication strategy based on integrated marketing communications, which are focused on establishing long-term relationships with various user groups.The article presents the results of the study conducted in January — February 2020 and aimed at identifying and evaluating the promotion channels used by special libraries for the blind and other organizations that provide services to people with disabilities and special needs for the purpose of socio-cultural rehabilitation. During the research, there were used the methods of expert survey and comparative analysis. There were analyzed the promotion channels of 47 Russian and foreign institutions (public and special libraries, museums, theatres, charitable foundations and public organizations). The results of the study make the basis for creating the universal model of communication strategy of special library for the blind, aimed at promoting activities among various target audiences: increasing the loyalty of the real contingent of users, expanding the contingent of users among people with disabilities of different nosologies and special needs, the contingent of partners among institutions in the area of culture, education and social services. The author proposes recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of various promotion channels.

Sharing Sensitive Information: A Hidden Profile Employee Selection Exercise

Employee selection and group decision-making skills are critical for ensuring hiring is valid, meets organizational goals, and considers ethical and legal limitations. This exercise has participants role-play members of a search committee reviewing job finalists using shared and unique information. A novel twist to traditional hidden-profile exercises is introduced by including unique information inappropriate for employment decisions (e.g., health information, an old misdemeanor charge). By uncovering unshared details and deciding whether to discuss potentially biasing information, learners practice group decision making and consider legal issues. While exploring professional guidelines and best practices, the exercise acknowledges that managers occasionally know sensitive or potentially biasing information. Although primarily an human resource activity, the exercise includes a traditional hidden-profile variant with organizational behavior learning goals. Both variants are appropriate for learners across the organizational spectrum. A teaching note for adapting the in-person exercise for synchronous or asynchronous online delivery gives detailed instructions for popular learning management systems.

Vovel metrics—novel coupling metrics for improved software fault prediction

Software is a complex entity, and its development needs careful planning and a high amount of time and cost. To assess quality of program, software measures are very helpful. Amongst the existing measures, coupling is an important design measure, which computes the degree of interdependence among the entities of a software system. Higher coupling leads to cognitive complexity and thus a higher probability occurrence of faults. Well in time prediction of fault-prone modules assists in saving time and cost of testing. This paper aims to capture important aspects of coupling and then assess the effectiveness of these aspects in determining fault-prone entities in the software system. We propose two coupling metrics, i.e., Vovel-in and Vovel-out, that capture the level of coupling and the volume of information flow. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Vovel metrics in determining the fault-prone classes using five projects, i.e., Eclipse JDT, Equinox framework, Apache Lucene, Mylyn, and Eclipse PDE UI. Model building is done using univariate logistic regression and later Spearman correlation coefficient is computed with the existing coupling metrics to assess the coverage of unique information. Finally, the least correlated metrics are used for building multivariate logistic regression with and without the use of Vovel metrics, to assess the effectiveness of Vovel metrics. The results show the proposed metrics significantly improve the predicting of fault prone classes. Moreover, the proposed metrics cover a significant amount of unique information which is not covered by the existing well-known coupling metrics, i.e., CBO, RFC, Fan-in, and Fan-out. This paper, empirically evaluates the impact of coupling metrics, and more specifically the importance of level and volume of coupling in software fault prediction. The results advocate the prudent addition of proposed metrics due to their unique information coverage and significant predictive ability.