Kajian Korupsi sebagai Proses Sosial: Melacak Korupsi di Sektor Sumber Daya Alam di Indonesia

Corruption action develops way more advance compare to corruption studies in Indonesia. Corruption studies are mostly focusing on institutional corruption or using an institutional approach to understand corruption. This research offers to understand corruption better using actor-based and network approaches. Utilising social network analysis (SNA), researchers unpacking corrupt relational actors in natural resources, especially in oil and gas and forestry in Indonesia. We collected six important findings; corruption creates dependencies amongst actors; to be corrupt, an actor must have a strong network and resources that can offer and deliver multi-interests. Corrupt action is a repeated action that creates interlocking relations amongst actors. Interlocking relation serves as a safety belt for each chauffeur. Institutionalisation of corrupt networks only requires a strong corrupt network. The institutionalised corrupt networks shape a shortcut both for the private and public sectors-a short cut that makes bribery and exchange permits possible.

School-Based Participatory Response for Reopening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of a Metropolitan High School Implementing the Health Promoting School

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze how a private high school in Seoul developed and executed a “school disinfection strategy” to ensure the students' right to study in a safe environment, and also to analyze the lessons learned from this process.Methods: This was a case study of school health in a community-based school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study target was a 64-year-old private high school with 12 classes for each grade with a total of 1,100 students.Results: A “school disinfection strategy” was set up at individual and class environment levels to protect students from the risk of infection. In addition, school health activities were carried out with a “personal protection safety belt” and “community protection safety belt” for effective implementation. To ensure a safe educational environment for high school students and to ensure smooth execution of face-to-face classes (in-person teaching), the “prevention safety belt strategy” was introduced in accordance with governmental guidelines to sequentially implement various preventive measures necessary to guarantee environmental safety of schools. Activating personal prevention safety belts by checking the symptoms of students when entering the school and during each class, and providing self-made disinfectants by spraying alcohol on wet-wipes were cost-effective and sustainable methods used in this school to prevent the spread of infection.Conclusions: The experience of developing a prevention safety belt strategy to adapt the guidelines of the local education office to the school situation was presented. Focusing on the school community, as well as individual students and teachers, the concept of prevention safety belts helped to unite and stimulate voluntary participation of students in health promotion activities.

Algorithm Design of Early Warning Seatbelt Intelligent Adjustment System Based on Neural Network and Big Data Analysis

With the purpose to guarantee the safety of drivers and passengers as well as lower the death rate collision, the early warning seatbelt intelligent adjustment system is designed by using big data analysis technology based on the aspects of hardware equipment, database, and software program. In the hardware system, microcontroller AT89C52 is applied as the control core. By means of the sensor detection and drive control, the early warning safety belt tightening, locking and lifting, and other functions are realized. Meanwhile, various components of the hardware system are coordinated through debugging several modules in the hardware system and using the modified circuit to connect them together. We determine the relational rules of the database and create the corresponding database table, to provide sufficient data support for the realization of software functions. Using the big data analysis method to process the real-time detection data received by the sensor, the software functions such as timely tightening of safety belt, humidity relaxation, and over-rolling prevention can be realized according to different driving conditions of drivers and vehicles, respectively. The conclusion is drawn through the system test experiment: compared with the traditional regulation system, the design system has a higher degree of regulation, and the application of the design results to the actual vehicle can reduce the crash fatality rate of about 22.4%.

Severe brain trauma to the fetus in a car accident: Literature review and a clinical case

Car accidents are the main cause of trauma during pregnancy. Even a non-severe accident is associated with a high risk of injury and unfavorable outcome for the fetus, especially in the event of placental abruption. Major agents leading to a trauma could also include safety belt and safety airbags. Blunt abdominal trauma during a car accident is associated with such type of intrauterine injury as fetal skull fractures and various intracranial hemorrhages. Despite a common viewpoint on relatively high death rates in this population, it is not infrequent that fetal trauma has a favorable outcome without any clinically significant neurological deficiency. The paper presents an analysis of the main outcomes of intrauterine brain injury and associated factors. As an illustration, we describe a case of a car accident related brain injury to a fetus at 38 week of gestation, with skull fracture, brain contusion, and subarachnoidal, epidural and subdural, parenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages induced by the safety belt, with the mother being virtually uninjured. After treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory state, without clinically significant neurological symptoms and signs. A 8-months follow-up of the infant showed some delay in brain maturation manifesting as benign epileptiform discharges of childhood and magnetic resonance imaging patterns. It is highly likely, that the leading factors ensuring a favorable outcome of a intrauterine severe brain trauma (without fatal trauma to the mother and fetus) are as follows: correct obstetric strategy, late gestational age and absence of a massive parenchymal and/or intraventricular bleeding. After the short-term clinical recovery from a severe intrauterine brain trauma and in addition to it, proper follow-up of the child is essential because of a high risk of long-term cerebral and functional abnormalities, mostly paroxysmal, behavioral and cognitive.

Experimental and modelling research on coach passengers’ safety in frontal impacts

Road traffic accidents involving coaches do not happen very often, but they are very dangerous because they affect a large number of passengers. Coaches (or intercity buses) are not equipped with safety belt harnesses. Valid regulations do not impose any obligation on coach manufacturers to provide intercity buses with either two- or three-point safety belts. This fact may result from the unawareness of risks and injuries that might befall the passengers with no safety belts during accidents. That is the reason why this work aims to compare the aftermath of coach accidents with no safety belts and the ones with safety belts. A detailed aim of this research is to analyse the results of dynamic loads during a frontal impact exerted on coach passengers travelling with and without (two- and three-point) safety belts. This objective was achieved by performing experimental studies and modelling which focused on the process of dynamic load transfer on the human body during a traffic accident. The research was conducted parallel on an adult and a child. The equivalent of a 50th percentile male was a hybrid III dummy (M50), whereas a child at the age of about 10 was represented by a P10 dummy. A numerical model was generated and verified in experimental testing in the scope of kinematics. Also, the comparison of the recorded courses of forces, acceleration, and moments was conducted. The results obtained from the tests were analyzed regarding the injury criteria for head, neck, and thorax. It was observed that both for the two-point safety system and the lack of safety belts, there were high values of acceleration recorded in the centre of gravity of the head. On the basis of the investigations conducted, it was ascertained that only a three-point safety belt system ensures the satisfaction of all injury criteria within admissible standards both in the case of criteria defined in the rules no. 80 and the rules no. 94 determined by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It is the three-point safety belt system which should be obligatory in all intercity buses.

ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PROSES PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG 7 DENGAN PENDEKATAN QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT (QRM) DAN FAILURE MODE EFFECTS AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS (FMECA)

Manajemen kualitas digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas bangunan, sedangkan manajemen risiko digunakan untuk mengetahui risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas bangunan. Seperti sumber daya manusia yang tidak memakai alat pelindung diri (APD) saat melakukan pekerjaan dikarenakan dengan alasan pekerjaan semakin lama serta ribet dikerjakan. Sehingga dengan adanya beberapa proses yang belum terstandar, maka dapat berisiko mempengaruhi kualitas pembangunan yang tidak sesuai harapan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pembangunan dan menentukan mitigasi untuk peningkatan kualitas pembangunan. Metode yang di gunakan adalah Quality Risk Management (QRM) yang berfungsi mengevaluasi indikator yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kualitas dan Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) untuk mengevaluasi dampak potensial dari setiap kegagalan dengan memberi skala prioritas demi mengetahui tingkat risiko. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pendekatan QRM dan FMECA yaitu pekerjaan rangka atap dengan RPN sebesar 42 dan plesteran dinding luar dengan RPN sebesar 28 yang tergolong risiko tinggi (Critical High ). Sehingga mitigasi risiko yang diberikan yaitu pemakaian APD seperti safety belt safety shoes, helmet serta konsentrasi agar dapat membantu mencegah atau mengatasi apabila risiko yang tidak di inginkan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas bangunan.

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PENGEMUDI DENGAN PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN SAFETY BELT

Dalam perkembangan teknologi mobil sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan manusia mobil dilengkapi dengan perangkat keamanan yaitu safety belt. Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia. Polda Metro Jaya menindak sekitar 235 pengendara yang tidak menggunakan safety belt dan di Bandung pelanggaran mengenai penggunaan safety belt ± 400 pelanggaran. Data kecelakaan dari Ditjen Perhubungan Darat tahun 2009 total korban kecelakaan pada tahun 2011 mencapai 176.763 orang, dengan rincian 31.185 meninggal dunia, 36.767 luka berat dan 108.811 menderita luka ringan. Menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh Institut Analisis CEESAR, mengatakan jumlah pengemudi truk yang meninggal dan terluka dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas dapat dikurangi 40% jika mereka semua menggunakan safety belt. UU No 14 tahun 1992 tentang kewajiban menggunakan safety belt, pelanggaran ini dapat dikenakan pidana kurungan 1 bulan atau denda Rp1000.000. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pengemudi dengan perilaku penggunaan safety belt di PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah desain cross sectional, dengan populasi seluruh pengemudi di PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon sebanyak 70 responden dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total populasi. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5% (0,05).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara umur dengan perilaku penggunaan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,647), ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,621) dan ada hubungan antara masa kerja dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000).Kata Kunci : Karakteristik pengemudi, perilaku penggunaan safety belt. ABSTRACTIn the development of automobile technology is very important for human life cars are equipped with safety devices that safety belt. Traffic accidents are one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia, the Jakarta Police crack down on about 235 riders who do not use the safety belt and in Bandung violations regarding the use of safety belt ± 400 violations. Accident data from the Directorate General of Land Transportation of 2009 total accident victims in 2011 reached 176 763 people, with details of 31 185 dead, 36 767 serious injuries and 108 811 suffered minor injuries. According to studies conducted by the Institute of Analysis CEESAR, said the number of truck drivers killed and injured in traffic accidents can be reduced by 40% if they are all using a safety belt. Law No. 14 of 1992 on the obligation to use safety belt, this offense is liable to imprisonment for one month or a fine Rp1000.000. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship with the behavioral characteristics of the driver's safety belt use in PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon 2015. This study uses a questionnaire research instruments. The study design was cross-sectional design, with the entire population of the driver in the PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon many as 70 respondents and sampling using the method of the total population. Data were statistically analyzed using chi square test at 5% significance level (0.05).The results showed no relationship between age and the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000), there was no correlation between level of education and the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.647), there is a relationship between knowledge and behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000) , there is no relationship between attitude and behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.621) and there is a relationship between the period of employment with the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000).Keywords: Driver characteristics, safety belt usage behavior.

Presence of Additional Safety Belt Enforcement Increases Safety Belt Use by Drivers

The use of a safety belt is universally recognized as a primary means of reducing injuries and fatalities for motor vehicle occupants. There are several factors that contribute to safety belt utilization, including traffic enforcement, demographics, vehicle type, day of the week, and geographical location. These factors have been explored and found significant in relation to safety belt usage. Apart from these factors, the presence of additional traffic enforcement is generally believed to produce higher rates of safety belt use. However, the impacts provided by the presence/no-presence of additional traffic enforcement have been merely quantified on a disaggregated scale, broadly across an entire state while controlling for other influential factors. Thus, this paper presents an analysis that quantifies the impacts provided by the presence of additional safety belt enforcement on driver safety belt usage. Direct safety belt use observational surveys and traffic enforcement data were used for the analysis. Owing to the nature of the data, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the dataset from the state of Michigan. The results showed that for every location where additional traffic enforcement was present, safety belt usage increased by 6.4% per county compared with areas where no additional traffic enforcement was present. Finally, the results not only quantified the impact of traffic enforcement on safety belt use, but could help transportation safety agencies make more informed decisions about where additional safety belt enforcement may be needed to improve rates of safety belt use.