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2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Prabir Maharjan ◽  
Shiv Vansh Bharti ◽  
Digbijay Bikram Khadka ◽  
Anup Karki ◽  
Arun Gnyawali

Introduction: Isolated duodenal injuries are rare in blunt abdominal trauma. These present a significant challenge for management because of the associated injuries and its difficult anatomical accessibility. Case presentation: A 20years male presented to the Emergency department following a bike accident sustaining injury over face, chest and abdomen, 6hours after the incident. His vitals were unstable so he was resuscitated and admitted in Intensive Care Unit. He had generalized abdominal tenderness without rigidity. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis was suggestive of hollow viscus perforation. He underwent exploratory laparotomy and primary repair for isolated perforation at fourth part of duodenum. He was discharged on his ninth postoperative day. Conclusion: Rare injuries following blunt abdominal trauma should be considered and early intervention is necessary.


2021 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Nina Planojević ◽  

The subject of the author’s analyses are the national laws regulating funeral services. Since the topic is one of wide scope, the author could not cover it entirely, so the paper only includes the advantages and weaknesses of the regulations which govern a few, according to the author, most significant issues in this field. In the first two parts of the paper, the author discusses the burial concept and principles. The third part analyses the method the legislator uses to regulate the issue of the subjects which are responsible for the organization of the funerals, while the fourth part describes potential burial places. In this context, the author pays special attention to cemeteries and gravesites. In the concluding remarks, based on the previously conducted analyses, the author of the paper presents her evaluation of the laws regulating the burial of the dead, underlining those which need to be amended in future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Chris De Wulf

Abstract Developments in orthography research This article, which serves as the editorial to the special T&T issue Spelling in ontwikkeling, consists of four parts. The first part is a brief introduction to spelling as a linguistic field. The second part provides a status quaestionis of this field within Dutch linguistics, especially from a diachronous point of view. The third part is an overview of the research articles in previous T&T issues which, to some extent, deal with spelling. Although the current issue is the first one in which historical spelling research is prominently exhibited, I thought it useful to provide an overview of research articles in the history of T&T that address the topic of spelling, as their titles do not always give this away. The publications listed in the second and third part may serve as a good vantage point for linguists with an interest in historical spelling research as part of language variation in the Low Countries. The fourth part introduces the articles that constitute this issue.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Antoniak

The fascination with crime, hastily described by some as a symptom of moral degradation of Western culture, seems to be a defence mechanism used by individuals to deal with social transgressions and anomalies represented by serious crimes. The aim of this article is to analyse the growing popularity of true crime through the lens of Mary Douglas’s theory of purity and pollution, with a particular emphasis on the methods of dealing with anomalies appearing within conceptual schemata of a given culture. For this purpose, the text has been divided into four parts: the first part briefly presents the history of true crime; the second part analyses the idea of murder through the lens of Douglas’s theory; the third part discusses the reasons behind the popularity of true crime narratives; and the fourth part showcases how individuals use true crime stories as tools to deal with anomalies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012128
Author(s):  
Lora Fidosova ◽  
Gergana Antova

Abstract The content of the research is divided into four points. The first part considers the need of 3D models creation - good practices applied in different countries related to Internet services for urban development and planning, preservation of cultural heritage, as well as scientific research. The second part focuses on the nature of 3D modeling, addressing theoretical issues concerning conceptual modeling, classification of three-dimensional models, geometry and topology. Different data formats are described. The third part focuses on an overview of the different 3D data sources and 3D modeling methods. The fourth part includes the description of a specific software for creating, editing and presenting 3D models - City Engine. The functionality, the specific possibilities for additional analysis and extraction of attribute information from the created models are described, as well as the programming language used in creating three-dimensional models in the software environment. In the fourth part, practical tasks are performed, which aim to make a comparison between the actual state of construction with the set project values in the general development plan for Sofia Municipality. 3D models of buildings in a neighbourhood in the Lozenets region were created, after which an additional analysis of the current state of construction was performed. The possibilities of the software for automatic generation of a street network are considered, as well as the functionality related to the modeling of facades.


Author(s):  
V.K. Kel'makov

In the pre-revolutionary (it seems, even medieval) four-line songs of the Kazan and pagan prayers of all territorial groups of the Udmurts, some features of the simple subsistence economy of the patriarchal peasant and, in particular, the distribution of income received by them over the past agricultural year were definitely reflected. So, in the last line of a four-line song (by the way, both in form and in functional and content terms significantly different from the chastushka), first published in the collection of B. Gavrilov in 1880 under the number 75: "Odigez vuzhly med kylez" (’One [of them] should remain for the next year’), the most important principle of peasant’s management is expressed: he considered it necessary, after (1) “one share - for food” was allocated; (2) “one share for taxes”/“to pay taxes to the great tsar”; (3) sometimes - one share to feed the hungry and to give to the poor - (4) also to leave “in reserve” at least one stock. And this fourth part was extremely important, rather mandatory for him, and it is for this reason that in previous years in the threshing floors around the Udmurt villages often up to ten years could stand blackened from time hoards of bread left in reserve.The fact was described not only by ethnographers-researchers of the Udmurt people, but also there are many quatrains and individual works of other genres of Udmurt folklore to testify it. Based on such economic and folklore-ethnographic background, the expression used as the title to this article could once have arisen and have been preserved up to the present day.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Szymon Misiek

The article surveys the problem of non-binary gender in the context of linguistic experience of speakers of Polish. The first part deals with the notion of non-binary gender, the second part discusses its linguistic aspects, the third part presents the results of a questionnaire conducted among non-binary Polish speakers, the fourth part concludes the discussion and points to possible directions of further research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (62) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Martin Nuhlíček

The aim of this paper is to explore the issue of priority of common sense in philosophy. It is divided into four parts. The first part discusses examples of common-sense beliefs and indicates their specific nature, especially compared to mere common beliefs. The second part explores in more detail the supposed positive epistemic status of common-sense beliefs and the role they play in delimiting plausible philosophical theories. The third part overviews a few attempts to formulate a legitimate argument, or justification, in favor of the positive epistemic status of common-sense beliefs, none of which, however, appears to be clearly successful. Finally, the fourth part addresses the central issue of priority of common sense. Two different types of priority are introduced, epistemic and methodological, and it is argued that only the latter applies to common-sense beliefs. If so, then common-sense beliefs are not to be conceived as cases of knowledge but as the clearest cases of what we believe is knowledge.


Author(s):  
Магомет Мишаустович Шумафов

Настоящая статья является продолжением предыдущей статьи и представляет собой четвертую часть работы автора. В работе делается обзор результатов исследований качественных свойств решений стохастических дифференциальных уравнений и систем второго порядка. В первой части был дан краткий обзор результатов работ по стохастической устойчивости решений дифференциальных уравнений и систем второго порядка с использованием аппарата функций Ляпунова. Были приведены некоторые предварительные сведения из теории вероятностей и теории случайных процессов. Во второй части дана конструкция стохастических интегралов Ито и Стратоновича. В третьей части дано понятие стохастического дифференциала, приведена формула Ито дифференцирования сложной функции для стохастических дифференциалов, дано определение стохастического дифференциального уравнения в форме Ито и в форме Стратоновича, сформулирована теорема существования и единственности для решений стохастических дифференциальных уравнений. В настоящей, четвертой, части работы даются вкратце основные сведения из теории устойчивости стохастических дифференциальных уравнений Ито. Приводятся основные определения устойчивости в различных смыслах стохастических дифференциальных систем, формулируются основные общие теоремы об устойчивости в терминах существования функций Ляпунова, являющиеся стохастическими аналогами классических теорем Ляпунова об устойчивости. Дается понятие о стохастических диссипативных системах. Приводится теорема, дающая условия существования периодических и стационарных решений в терминах вспомогательных функций для дифференциальных уравнений со случайной периодической по времени правой частью, представляющей собой периодический или стационарный процесс. This paper is a continuation of the previous papers and presents the fourth part of the author’s work. The paper reviews results concerning qualitative properties of second-order stochastic differential equations and systems. In the first part we gave a short overview on stability of solutions of the second-order stochastic differential equations and systems by Lyapunov functions techniques and introduced some mathematical preliminaries from probability theory and stochastic processes. In the second part the construction of Ito’s and Stratonovich’s stochastic integrals is given. In the third part, analog of the chain rule for stochastic differentials (Ito’s formula) is presented. The stochastic differential equations in the sense of Ito and in the sense of Stratonovich are introduced. The existence and uniqueness theorem for solutions of stochastic differential equations is formulated. In the present fourth part of the work basic facts from the theory of stability of stochastic differential equations are briefly given. The basic definitions of stability in different senses of stochastic differential systems are presented, the basic general theorems on stability are formulated in terms of the existence of Lyapunov functions, which are stochastic analogs of the classical Lyapunov’s theorems on stability. The concept of stochastic dissipative systems is given. A theorem is formulated which gives conditions for existence of periodic and stationary solutions in terms of auxiliary functions for differential equations with a random periodic in time right-hand side, which is a periodic or stationary process.


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