The Concept of Happiness and Its Language-Cultural Properties and Translation Problems in English and Uzbek Languages

The article discusses the means of verbalizing the concept 'happiness / baxt both as a universal and nationally specific mental structure in the English and Uzbek languages. Keywords: cognitive and comparative linguistics, concept, lexico-phraseological units, evaluativeness, national-cultural specificity.

Stage practices as a means of self-identification of the Greek ethnic of Azov region

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the revival of ethnic self-identification by the Greeks of the Azov region by means of stage practices. Research methodology. The historical-cultural method was used (to study the historical period of formation and development of the Greek ethnos of the Azov region); theoretical method (to summarize the data of the material analyzed in the article in order to highlight the main trends of stage practices of the Greeks of the Azov region); structural-functional method (for analysis of the structure of ethnocultural self-identification); cultural-semiotic method (for the study of the method of constructing ethnocultural self-identification as a mental structure through symbolic forms), etc. Scientific novelty. The main constants of ethnocultural identity are studied; the possibility of constructing a positive ethnic identity in contemporary performing arts in general and the ethnic group of the Greeks of the Azov region, in particular, is considered; The peculiarities of the revival of ethnic self-identification by the Greeks of the Azov region by means of stage practices were revealed. Conclusions. Manifestation of ethnocultural self-identification of cultural and artistic practices has a complex semantic and expressive structure and manifests itself as a multilevel system. In accordance with the constructivism and cultural-semiotic approach, the stage practices of the Greek ethnos of the Azov region offer a way to construct ethnocultural self-identification as a mental structure through such symbolic forms as a worldview, ethnic worldview, and artistic worldview. They reflect the consciousness of man and society as a whole, as well as what is important for the Greek ethnic group, and have the greatest potential for building a positive image of the ethnic community. Keywords: Greek ethnos, Greeks of the Azov region, stage practices, ethnocultural self-identification.

Internalism, Externalism, and Autonomous Belief

What must be the case for an autonomous belief condition on knowledge (motivated in Chapter 1) to be satisfied by a knower? Chapter 2 takes up this question by investigating whether or not the knowledge-relevant (viz., epistemic) autonomy of a belief is determined entirely by the subject’s present mental structure. What I’ll call ‘internalists’ about epistemically autonomous belief say ‘yes’, and externalists say ‘no.’ Internalism about epistemic autonomous belief turns out to be problematic for reasons entirely independent from those we might have for rejecting internalist approaches to epistemically justified belief. What is shown to fare much better is a kind of ‘history-sensitive’ externalist approach to epistemically autonomous belief. On the particular account I go in for, which draws from externalist thinking about attitudinal autonomy more generally (as well as from virtue epistemology), a belief lacks the kind of epistemic autonomy that’s needed for propositional knowledge if the subject comes to possess the belief in a way that (put simply) bypasses or pre-empts the subject’s cognitive abilities and is such that the subject lacks easy (enough) opportunities to competently shed that belief.

Vista conoscenza, parola: lo “Schema del contenitore” applicato a un caso di polisemia indoeuropea

"View, Knowledge, Word: The Container Image-Schema Applied to a Case of Proto-Indo-European Polysemy. The present discussion aims at reconsidering the theoretical process of knowledge in some ancient Indo-European languages in the light of the prerequisites offered by cognitive linguistics and prototype theory. Thanks to the dynamic pattern of the Container Image-Schema – which is a primitive mental structure – some historical outcomes of a polysemic Indo-European root will be discussed in order to place them within the continuum of the semantic space in which the container is located. Keywords: Conceptual metaphor; polysemy; Image-Schema; Indo-European; semantics. "

THINKING STRUCTURE OF STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF PROBABILITY CONCEPT IN TERM OF APOS THEORY

This study aims to analyze the mental structure experienced by students when understanding the concept of probability reviewed from APOS Theory and then suggests a lesson that accommodates the mental structure. APOS theory states that a learner forms a suitable mental structure when interpreting a mathematical concept. This study involved 106 third semester students who enrolled in Probability Theory. The students were given ACE (Activities, Classroom, Exercises) learning cycle treatment. After treatment, students were then given homework assignments that aim to reinforce the learning process. After the sixth week of learning, data were collected through a test. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the mental structure of students towards the concept of opportunity is still at the process level, not at the object-level, (2) Improving the learning of probability concept requires activities to improve verbal understanding, not only in the form of pictures and symbols. The alternative learning treatments are written in this article.

HISTORICO-PHILOSOPHICAL ЕХРLICATION OF THE PHENOMENON PERSONALITY: A VIEW THROUGH THE LENS OF JUNG’S OF THE ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

The article is devoted to the historico-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of personality in the receptive field of psychoanalytic views of Carl Gustav Jung. It is established, that personality is a conglomerate, that is a set of two opposite psychic structures: (a) consciousness (Ego) – the areas of self-awareness and (b) the areas of unconsciousness (personal unconsciousness and collective unconsciousness),which to the form a holistic image of the personality (deu. gestalt). For it is known, that personality is an organic whole only provided if the coherence of all structures of the psyche. It is underlined, that thanks to the symbiotic combination of the upper and lower layers of the psyche was formed a «holistic canvas» of the collective unconscious. In fact, this kind of syncretism can be explained only by the fact that consciousness and the personal unconsciousness (the area of conflicts and repressed, forgotten, repressed memories, which were previously realized and eventually fixed as complexes) are inherited psychic dispositional structures of the collective unconsciousness, which is storage the lion’s share of displaced «forgotten» information. It is emphasized, that the collective unconsciousness (the lower layer of the mental structure) is a reservoir for instincts and archetypes (historical experience inherited from previous generations). It is substantiated, that each personality belongs to a certain type of «psychological attitude» => [extrovert] – [ambievert] – [introvert] and on the basis of this analysis were identified peculiarities of each of the presented types.

THE PHENOMENON OF MEANING FORMATION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH

The article examines the works of the authors on the formation of meaning. The structure of a personality is determined by its directionality, and directionality takes a leading place as a system-forming component of personality traits, which determines its mental structure. Value guidelines, which are a system-forming element of the personality structure, are the basis of its orientation, which by its nature is social in nature. Orientation becomes the value of the individual only if there is meaning, the need to move from the "subject-object" relationship to the "subject-subject" circle of communication is noted for the development of this value relationship. It has also been shown that the transition from individual activity to joint activity is an effective way of forming meaning.

SELF-PRESERVING ATTITUDES AND ITS PHENOMENA DURING THE PANDEMIC

The aim of this work is an analysis of the funda-mental structure, functions and self-preservation attitude and manifestations in the behavior of the population under conditions of a threat to health and survival. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the cognitive, emotionally-evaluative, and stimulating components of the self-preservation attitudes of adolescents and youth. The results of the study make it possible to assess risks and develop preventive measures for correcting the social orientation towards main-taining health among individuals and social groups.

Modeling the conceptosphere as one of the most effective methods of its interpretation

The work is devoted to the description of one of the modern research methods in linguistics – modeling. We present theoretical material about modeling and substantiate the idea that this method is an effective way of analyzing and interpreting information of not only scientific, but also artistic type. The purpose of the work is an attempt to study and describe the modeling me-thod based on the conceptosphere of Russian-speaking writers in Kazakhstan. In this regard, we define our attitude to the concepts of the concept and conceptosphere. The modeling method is considered as a way to highlight the structural features of a concept, based on its definition as a conditionally mental structure that does not exist outside of thinking. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that systemic research in this area is promising.

Organizational Culture

In this chapter, the authors present a part of an analysis of the organizational culture of micro and small tourist companies in the state of Colima, Mexico. It is the result of mixed research that belongs to an exploratory study carried out from a systemic perspective of tourism organizations. The purpose of the study was to identify elements capable of triggering the productivity, competitiveness, and innovation of Mexican micro and small tourism companies based on their language and organizational structure. The results obtained revealed that the “Clan” type culture is predominant in this type of company in the state of Colima. Hence, a transformation of the mental structure of senior management is necessary and urgent, as it requires a change in an organizational culture focused on the “Market” to achieve its permanence in the sector.