Platelet Membranes Coated Gold Nanocages for Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery and Amplificated Low-Dose Radiotherapy

Continuous high doses of radiation can cause irreversible side effects and radiation resistance; thus, advanced radiosensitizers are urgently needed. To overcome this problem, we developed a nano platelet radiosensitization system (PCA) by coating the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP) loaded gold nanocages (AuNs) within the platelet membrane. The developed PCA system may enable AuNs to have immune escape and targeting capabilities. After administration, PCA will actively target tumor cells and avoid being cleared by the immune system. Subsequently, CDDP, which destroys tumor cell DNA, can not only kill tumor cells directly but also combine with AuNs, which deposit radiation energy into tumor tissues, reducing RT resistance. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the combination of PCA with RT (2Gy) efficiently inhibits tumor proliferation without causing side effects such as inflammation. To conclude, this is the first attempt to use platelet membranes to correctly transport AuNs while also accomplishing low-dose RT, which could help AuNs-based tumor RT become more effective.

Condition of platelet factor of hemostasis system in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis progression

Аim. Тo evaluate the structural and functional condition of platelets as a cellular component of the hemostasis system in chronic generalized periodontitis of different severity, and to establish its role in the progression of the disease. Materials and Мethods. Clinical studies included 83 patients (47 men and 36 women) with chronic generalized periodontitis, comparable in age and sex, divided into three groups according to the severity of the disease: the first group (n=21) – periodontitis of mild severity; the second group (n=36) – moderate degree of severity; the third group (n=26) – severe periodontitis. Methods of the study included evaluation of the structural and functional characteristics of periodontal tissues, general hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the severity of the inflammatory process according to index parameters; study of microcirculation of periodontal tissues, determination of the evidence of oxidative processes in saliva, blood plasma, platelets, study of lipid composition of platelets. Results. In chronic generalized periodontitis, pathological changes in the lipid composition of platelet membranes (an increase in the percentage of lysophospholipids and free fatty acids) were associated with systemic activation of oxidative processes and of phospholipase enzyme systems, which was accompanied by an increase in their aggregation activity.The degree of increase in the activity of platelets was associated with the severity of microcirculatory disturbances in the periodontal tissues. The condition of the cellular component of the hemostasis system correlated with the severity of the pathological process in the periodontium. In severe degree of chronic periodontitis, structural and functional changes in platelets were maximal. Conclusion. In chronic periodontitis, the systemic activation of oxidative processes leads to a modification of the lipid composition of platelet membranes, which contributes to increase in their aggregation activity playing an important role in the induction of hypercoagulation, microcirculation disturbances and progression of inflammation in the periodontal tissues.

Erythrocyte–platelet hybrid membranes coating polypyrrol nanoparticles for enhanced delivery and photothermal therapy

A dual-membrane coating technique was developed to camouflage polypyrrole nanoparticles with red blood cells and platelet membranes for enhanced delivery and photothermal tumor therapy.