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Porta Aurea ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Author(s):  
Ewa Barylewska -Szymańska

The person of the architect Friedrich Fischer has been somewhat forgotten, even though he played a meaningful role in the beginnings of the existence of the Free City of Gdańsk as its first conservator and the first head of the Ground Construction Office. Before and during WW I Fischer worked privately as an architect, mostly in the Gdańsk and Sopot area, and among chosen projects one located in Wrzeszcz, in Uphagena Street, as well as the architect’s own house at 30 Stefana Żeromskiego Street in Sopot can be named. Fischer was also a scholar who obtained a doctorate in 1910 and prepared a postdoctoral thesis, as well as a lecturer at the Department of Architecture at the Technical University (until April 1925). In 1918, he became involved in building administration, carrying out projects for the Housing Estate Office, of which he was the head. He created designs of the street now known as Hallera Street in Wrzeszcz and plans of green areas on former fortification grounds. He also initiated works on the plan of Great Gdańsk, eventually known as the ‘Althoff plan’. In 1923–1925, he was the head of the Ground Construction Office. From this period his designs of the first version of the school in Pestalozziego Street in Wrzeszcz and the unrealised fair building in Gdańsk are known. He designed the completed housing estates in today’s Zbyszka z Bogdańca and Dubois Streets in Gdańsk - -Wrzeszcz as well as several churches for the Catholic community of the Free City of Gdańsk: St Anthony’s Church in Gdańsk -Brzeźno, the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows in Głęboka Street in Gdańsk - Knipawa, and the Church of Christ the King in the small town of Piekło, in the former Wielkie Żuławy District. Fischer was active as Conservator of Architectural Monuments for four years. During this period the function of Conservator of Historical Monuments was merged with the function of the head of the Ground Construction Office. During his service as conservator the preservation of the historical form of the city became a priority The model of proceedings in the Free City area established by Fischer constituted an important point of reference in the following years. He was also involved in the preparation of the Preservation of Historical Monuments Act proclaimed in 1923. In March 1925, Fischer moved to Hannover, where he became associate professor specialising in medieval architecture. He remained in that city and at its university until his death.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
William A. Bleiziffer ◽  

The Cult of God’s Servants Romanian Martyr Bishops: between Canon Law and Liturgy. On the last day of his apostolic trip to Romania (May 31 - June 2, 2019), the Holy Father Pope Francis in the exercise of his canonical powers beatified seven Romanian Greek Catholic bishops who died in odium fidei in communist prisons. By proclaiming the formula for recognizing the martyrdom of these bishops, they are officially recognized as martyrs of the Church of Christ, and as such, according to the canonical discipline in force, they can enjoy the celebration of a public cult of worship. Their feast finds a stable place in the liturgical calendar of the Greek Catholic Church, June 2, and public worship regulated by both common law and the particular law of the Church becomes a liturgical constant that manifests the particular character of these servants of God. Starting from this canonical and liturgical premise, the present study tries to highlight some significant elements regarding the liturgical cult of these martyrs. Thus, a series of disciplinary realities are taken into account, which starting from the historical elements of the cult of saints, then highlights some particular aspects that the current procedure of declaring the martyrdom of God’s servants requires to regulate their public worship. Keywords: divine worship, worship, Servants of God, martyrs, liturgy, liturgical texts, blessed, cause of beatification, persecution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Alexandru Buzalic ◽  
◽  

The Beatification of the United Romanian Bishops, in the Light of the Theology of Martyrdom. The Church of Christ fulfills three functions in the history of salvation: martyria, leiturgia and diakonia. Confession of Faith, martyria, it is a fundamental mission entrusted to the Church, which is exercised by preaching the Gospel (Matt. 28:19), the Logos transmitted and explained, the life in the faith and defending it from internal enemies (schisms, polemics, etc.) or external ones (heresies and persecutions). Since the times of apostolic and ancient Christianity martyria was achieved through a testimony of faith strengthened by resistance to persecution and the radicality of the sacrifice of life, starting with St. Stephen, passing through the long line of martyrs of all times, in 1623 by the martyrdom of St. Archbishop Joshaphat for the unity of the Church, the Churches United confessing from now on, with the price of shed blood, the faith and mission entrusted by Jesus “that all may be one” (Jn 17:20). During the persecutions of the twentieth century, the United Romanian Church wrote a page in the “theology of martyrdom”, building the Church, fulfilling its crown of martyrdom, the beatification of martyrs to restore the unity of the Church opening a new stage in the history and mission of contemporary Christianity. Keywords: beatification, Church, Catholicism, Greek Catholicism, martyrdom, theology, unity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Erica J. Dollhopf

This article examines the predictors of overall congregational vitality in the United Church of Christ (UCC), a US mainline Protestant denomination of approximately 5,000 churches and 800,000 members. This analysis is based on data from the UCC version of the Faith Communities Today survey, which surveyed all UCC congregations in early 2020. An overall congregational vitality scale was created from survey questions; factors associated with congregational vitality were tested to see which ones had a statistically significant relationship with a congregation's level of overall vitality. Aspects of congregations that were significantly associated with overall congregational vitality included the fit between the pastor and congregation, innovative worship, racial diversity, and total number of participants, while the percentage of young adults, contemporary worship, founding year of congregation, percentage change in worship attendance over the past five years, current financial health of congregation, and percentage of female participants did not influence overall congregational vitality. This research may be useful for congregations seeking to maintain or increase their vitality and for researchers interested in identifying the components and predictors of congregational vitality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Mark Joseph Zammit

In the past eight years, since the election of Francis as the first Latin American pontiff in history, the Church has experienced new manners of being and acting. Even though she has also been in a constant state of aggiornamento, Francis’ vision has contributed greatly to this concept of being a perfect image of the ideal Church of Christ (cf. Ecclesiam Suam 10) and a better servant of humanity. The objective of this study is to present an outline of Francis’ main ecclesiological concepts, in the awareness that this endeavour can never be completely exhaustive. For this reason, the article is divided into two main sections. In this first one, the bedrocks of his ecclesiological thoughts are studied. These include his Jesuit vocation, the CELAM conferences and vision, and the Argentine theology of the people. In the second section, his main ecclesiological themes are analysed: the people of God, a poor Church for the poor, ecumenism, reform, and an ecological Church.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 812-818
Author(s):  
George Daniel Petrov

The Church is the extension of the resurrected body of the Son of God in history and in the believers as totality, believers that through baptism and chrismation become her living and active members. The relationship between the sacramental priesthood and the Church can only take place in perfect unity, the Church being absolutely necessary for salvation. Without the historical Church of Christ, namely the laboratory where salvation is being accomplished, humanity would remain subjected to sin and death, unable to know the perfection for which it has been created. Only by getting closer to Christ through the visible hand of the sacramental priesthood in the Church through the Holy Sacraments, the relationship between the Divine and humans acquires a different meaning, and humanity receives a meaning that goes beyond the materiality of the world.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Sumarto

In fact, different leadership in the industry with leadership in the church of Christ. Many of the readers are engaged in the world of work is generally considered that many of the things taught in the church can not be done in the workplace, or conversely that many of the principles in the workplace can not be used in the church.The world is increasingly divided in two different worlds, there are even rumors that the church is a world of heaven and the world of work is hell. So that we no longer need to think about spiritual things in the world of work. The campus was often so striking that there is a separation between science and faith. Faith is considered something that is only used at the time in church or Sunday.A shepherd who will guide the congregation will feel confused by the separation between faith and the real world. It might even be a pastor could be affected and join the world of work in applying the principles of the church, not that the working principle of the world can not be used in church or otherwise.One thing that is a conflict at all times is whether a leader is able to retain his faith? Able to maintain the integrity of his life to keep in line with God? Leader to be so much valued and demanded by others, to satisfy merekakah or for yourself or God?


2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gift Masengwe ◽  
Bekithemba Dube

This article investigates the contribution of white liberal politics of an ex-missionary New Zealander, Sir Reginald Stephen Garfield Todd (from 1953 to 1958), on the development of Southern Rhodesia towards becoming an independent state. It outlines the contribution he made towards the progress of black Zimbabweans in a number of spheres. It arouses interest in contemporary Zimbabwean religious and political discourses. Todd held a hybridity of roles in transitional politics from the blunting settler racism to the sharpening of African capability on multi-racial democracy important for our debate on the decolonisation of southern Africa. He was a rhetorically gifted radical paternalist who adopted reformist policies to advance both the African cause and his prophetic vocation. He suggested technocratic solutions that could reorganise and diversify political and economic options.Contribution: This study uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) on the wider literature on Todd’s biography and African policies in view of his Christian vocation towards changing conditions of socio-economic, political-religious and technological-technocratic solutions to contemporary African independence. He was a man of his times living and working in an increasingly problematic context guided by the Christian principles in which he was reared. He is the ‘father of faith’ in the Church of Christ in Zimbabwe (COCZ), and leaves us pedagogical lessons on human security, gender equality, church governance and human well-being that require review within the contemporary Christian fraternity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Festus Moses Onipede ◽  
EDUN, Olayinka Modinat2

This research aimed to examine the obligatory and optional linguistic elements, the generic structure, and the pragmatic imports of the linguistic elements identified in Reverend EMF Oshoffa's sermons. Reverend Emmanuel Mobiyina Friday Oshoffa is selected out of many white garment Churches because of the large audience that listens to him as the Supreme Head of Celestial Church of Christ worldwide. In this study, we purposely studied thirty-two (32) excerpts selected from Reverend EMF Oshoffa's sermons through participants and non-participant observations. The findings revealed the GSP catalogue for Reverend EMF Oshoffa as [P]^ [S]^ (DoP)^ [Se]^ {(CfC)^ (WtF)}^ [F].The elements generated in the catalogue include: prayer P, Song S, Greeting G,  Declaration of Purpose DoP, Sermon Se, Call for Confession CfC, Welcome to the Fold WtF, and Finis F. While DoP, CfC and WtF are optional, the remaining ones (P, S, G,Se and F) are obligatory. The findings revealed that most registers used in patterning CCC sermons feature 'angelic registers' whose meanings cannot be traced to any world languages, but their meanings can be inferred from the context of use. Notable registers of the sermon featured El-beraca-bered-Eli, Elmorijah, Elohimjah, and Eli-Bamah-Yabah. The paper concluded that the elements of GSP catalogued here are typical of CCC sermonic discourse. Therefore, it is suggested that future research could apply this model to other sermonic discourse of other denominations, most especially White Garment Church such as Cherubim and Seraphim, to further test its validity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Rotua Julianovia Hutagalung ◽  
Romi Lie

Lack of church involvement in every church activity (service), because the congregation does not get guidance, direction, and teaching. If Christian religious teaching is taught properly and healthily, the congregation will be strong / survive, experience a change in thinking (cognitive), attitude (affective), and willing to be involved (psychomotor) in church activities. That is why, if the congregation has received formation, teaching properly and healthily, they will take root, grow, and bear fruit (Colossians 3:17). The method presented during the study was to use quantitative methods, namely distributing questionnaires to members of the Church of Christ Rahmani Indonesia, Sola Gratia Church, Ruko Permata Ujung Menteng. As a result, as a pastor, the task is not only to shepherd but also to be responsible for the spirituality of the church in providing teaching, formation, direction, and training to church members. AbstrakKurangnya keterlibatan jemaat di dalam setiap kegiatan gereja (pelayanan), karena jemaat tidak mendapatkan bimbingan, arahan, dan pengajaran. Apabila pengajaran agama Kristen diajarkan secara benar dan sehat maka jemaat akan kuat/survive, mengalami suatu perubahan di dalam berpikir (kognitip), bersikap (afektip), serta mau untuk terlibat (psikomotor) di dalam kegiatan-kegiatan gereja. Itu sebabnya, jika jemaat sudah mendapatkan pembinaan, pengajaran secara benar dan sehat maka mereka akan berakar, bertumbuh, dan berbuah (Kolose 3:17). Metode yang disajikan selama penelitian adalah menggunakan metode kuantitatif yaitu penyebaran angket kepada para anggota jemaat di Gereja Kristus Rahmani Indonesia Jemaat Sola Gratia, Ruko Permata Ujung Menteng. Hasilnya sebagai seorang gembala tugasnya tidak saja menggembalakan tetapi ia juga bertanggungjawab terhadap kerohanian jemaat di dalam memberikan pengajaran, pembinaan, pengarahan, dan pelatihan kepada warga jemaat.


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