synergetic effects
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2022 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 107395
Author(s):  
Qipeng Huang ◽  
Xiaoliang Shi ◽  
Yawen Xue ◽  
Kaipeng Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 131357
Author(s):  
Qinbo Jiang ◽  
Peiyuan Li ◽  
Meiru Ji ◽  
Liyang Du ◽  
Shaoyang Li ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
YanWei Li ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
ZhanYu Pan

Background. Apatinib is an anticancer drug known to inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) through regulating tyrosine kinases. Drug resistance and reduced activity in various cancers is the matter of great concern; thus, researchers opt to use combination of the two or more drugs. So far, its gynergetic anticancer role with a traditional Chinese drug Ginsenoside-Rb1 (G-Rb1) has not been studied in cancers including hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Objective. The current study is aimed at investigating the anticancer synergetic effects of G-Rb1 and apatinib in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods. The synergetic effects of both drugs on cell proliferation, wound healing and cell migration, and cell apoptosis were studied in hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the xenograft rat model was generated, and tumor inhibition was monitored after treating rats with both drugs as mono- and combination therapy. In addition, protein expression and localization were performed by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Results. The analyses of the data showed that combination therapy of apatinib and G-Rb1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and wound healing capability of hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Moreover, the glycolysis rate of the cells in the combination therapy (apatinib and G-Rb1) group was significantly decreased as compared to that in the monotherapy group or no treatment group, suggesting that the glycolysis inhibition led to the inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, the combination therapy on xenograft rats dramatically reduced the tumor size. Furthermore, combination therapy also exhibited an increased count of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells, as well as the ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion. Interestingly, a combination of apatinib and G-Rb1 induced more tumor cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation than the individual drug treatment and promote antitumor immunity by enhancing immunomodulatory molecules. Thus, we believe that this study could serve as a valuable platform to assess the synergetic anticancer effects of the herbal as well as synthetic medicines.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Moiseev ◽  
S.M. Ivanov ◽  
R.V. Shamilov ◽  
I.Yu. Dolgova

The study showed the sambo wrestlers’ muscle synergies’ spatial-temporal structure, extracted using the PCA method. We considered the individual periods of the "leg grabbing" throw coordination structure. It was revealed the electrical activity of extensive synergies changes depending on registered muscular efforts values, typical for different periods of the performed movement. The synergetic effects of skeletal muscle interaction demonstrate plasticity, manifested in typical patterns of spatial and temporal activation of revealed muscle synergies, which ensures reliable control of motor function in various periods of complex movement coordination performing. Key words: muscle synergies; synergetic effects; intermuscular coordination; motion control, skeletal muscle.


Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Qingyao Yu ◽  
Fuqiang Tian ◽  
Yijun Cao ◽  
Guixia Fan ◽  
Haiqing Hao ◽  
...  

Collectors commonly have synergetic effects in ores flotation. In this work, a waste engine oil (WEO) was introduced as a collector to an ilmenite flotation system with sodium oleate (NaOL). The results show that the floatability of ilmenite was significantly improved by using WEO and NaOL as a combined collector. The recovery of ilmenite was enhanced from 71.26% (only NaOL) to 93.89% (WEO/NaOL combined collector) at the pH of 6.72. The optimum molar ratio of NaOL to WEO was about 2.08 to 1. The WEO and NaOL also have synergetic effects for the collection of ilmenite, because to obtain the ilmenite recovery of 53.96%, the dosage of 45 mg/L NaOL is equal to 38.56 mg/L WEO/NaOL combined collector (30 mg/L NaOL + 8.56 mg/L WEO). In other words, 15 mg/L of NaOL can be replaced by 8.56 mg/L of WEO. It is an effective way to reduce the dosage of the collector and reuse WEO. Therefore, it is a highly valuable and environmentally friendly approach for WEO reuse. WEO mainly consists of oxygen functional groups, aromatics, and long-chain hydrocarbons, especially for the RCONH2 and RCOOH, thereby forming a strong interaction on the ilmenite surface. The adsorption mechanism of waste engine oil and sodium oleate on the ilmenite surface is mainly contributed by chemical adsorption. Therefore, WEO exhibits superior synergistic power with NaOL as a combined collector. Herein, this work provided an effective collector for ilmenite flotation and a feasible approach for reducing NaOL dosage and recycling WEO.


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