Dynamic Optimization of Bus Line Schedule in Commuter Corridor Based on Bus IC Card Data

The aim of this study was to explore the bus operating state of the city bus passenger corridor, taking the minimum bus operating cost and passenger travel cost as the objective function, taking passenger flow demand and operating income as the constraint, and considering the average speed change of the bus line in the bus corridor at different times. This paper proposes a dynamic optimization model of bus route schedule based on bus Integrated Circuit Card (IC Card) data. The optimization variable is the departure frequency of the candidate lines. To solve the model, a dynamic departure interval optimization method based on improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) was designed under different decision preferences. The method includes the calibration of generalized cost functions for passengers and bus companies and grasps the characteristics of bus operating speed changes and the design of departure strategies under different decision preferences. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are verified by a numerical example. We mainly carried out the following work: (1) Dynamic analysis of the time dimension of the bus departure interval takes into account the changes in passenger time characteristics during peak periods. (2) Seven schemes of weight ratio of passenger waiting time cost and bus operation cost were designed, and the departure intervals with different benefit orientations of passengers and operators were discussed, respectively, so as to select the corresponding departure schemes for decision makers under different decision preferences. The results show that (1) the total cost of the 7 different weighting schemes is lower than the actual value by 6.90% to 18.20%; (2) when decision makers need to bias the weight to the bus company, the weight ratio α : β between passengers and bus company is 0.25 : 0.75 which works best. The frequency of departures has been reduced by 6, and at the same time, the total optimized cost is reduced by 18.2%; (3) when decision makers need to bias the weight to the passengers, the weight ratio α : β between the passengers and bus company is 0.75 : 0.25 which works best. The frequency of departures has been increased by 19, and at the same time, the total optimized cost is reduced by 17.7%; and (4) when decision makers consider passengers and bus companies equally, the weight ratio α : β between passengers and bus companies is 0.5 : 0.5, the optimization cost is the closest to the actual cost, the optimization cost is reduced by 6.9%, and the frequency of departures has been increased by 5. The results show that the model in this paper provides a new idea for the information mining of bus routes in the research based on the bus IC Card data and provides an effective tool for the management of different operation decision preferences.

Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Operations in Public Transport Networks Based on Multisource Data

Operational efficiency and stability are two critical aspects to measure bus systems. Influenced by many stochastic factors, buses always suffer from delay and bunching. Traditional studies focus on a single route and lack research on the systematic evaluation of bus network. In this paper, we propose a data-driven framework to analyze the efficiency and stability based on small granularity GPS trajectory data from the perspective of entire bus network. The IC card data and route data are used to extract the boarding passenger number and topological structure, respectively. The results show that the average headway of stations follows a lognormal distribution. Moreover, the distribution of arrival efficiency of stations is inhomogeneous and a small number of stations have large values. In addition, the relationships among average headway of stations, boarding passenger number, bus number, and complex network indicators are revealed. It is found that the average headway of station is negatively correlated with other indicators, which implies that complex network connections and more passenger flows could weaken the efficiency of bus operations. This paper provides a way to evaluate the operational performance of bus networks and could give help for monitoring and optimizing the daily operation of bus systems.

OD Matching of Metro IC Card Data Based on Analysis Function

In the case of passengers taking the subway many times in a short time, missing cards in and out of the station, and staying in the subway station for a long time, the previous table join method cannot accurately set the time threshold parameters and correctly match the OD pairs of passengers. In order to solve these problems, an OD matching method based on analysis function is proposed in this paper. LAG () is an analytic function in Oracle which allows you to access the row at a given offset prior to the current row without using a self-join. Metro IC card dataset stores the card swiping records of passengers entering and leaving the subway station every time. In this method, the dataset is sorted in ascending order according to the card number and card swiping time, and then, the lag function of Oracle is used to take the offset of the upper line of card ID, transaction date, transaction time, in and out sign, and station ID. Finally, the matching process is completed according to the OD conditions of card number, time, and inbound and outbound sign fields. This method does not need to set a time threshold and so as to deal with the situation where passengers stay too long in the subway station. The OD matching results on in and out IC swiping cards dataset in April and May 2019 of passengers of Xiamen Metro Line verify that analysis function method has better OD matching, missing swiping identification accuracy, and effect compared to the table join method.

RANCANG BANGUN AKSES KUNCI PINTU GERBANG INDEKOS MENGGUNAKAN E-KTP (ELEKTRONIK KARTU TANDA PENDUDUK) BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini memberikan kemudahan untuk melakukan segala sesuatu. Salah satu perkembangan teknologi terbaru adalah pada bidang komunikasi dan informasi. Salah satu teknologi terbaru dalam melakukan pertukaran data antar perangkat adalah teknologi NFC (Near Field Communication) adalah Teknologi berfungsi sebagai alat pengaman yang efektif dan efisien. Maka dalam penelitian ini dikembangkannya dengan menggunakan e-KTP sebagai gantinya dari NFC, sebagai otak dari sistem kendali ini digunakan Arduino Uno. Beberapa hardware yang dibutuhkan dalam pembuatan sistem ini adalah Arduino Uno, MFRC-522 RFID IC Card, e-KTP, Buzzer SFM-27 DC 3-24V, Relay 5V 2 Channel, Power Supply JC-36-12 Dc 12v/12, LCD 1602A SPI WITH I2C.Setelah seluruh sensor melakukan pembacaan, mikrokontroller arduino membuat instruksi untuk selenoid doorlock yang sumber tegangannya dari power supply dan terintegrasi melalui rellay dan di support oleh responden yaitu buzzer. Solenoid DoorLock dapat membuka dan menutup pintu gerbang ketika autentikasi yang dilakukan berhasil dan buzzer dapat menjadi alarm ketika autentikasi yang dilakukan tidak berhasil. LCD 1602A SPI I2C mampu memproses hasil masukan dari keypad, serta mampu memberikan masukan pada buzzer sehingga buzzer dapat berfungsi sebagai indikator peringatan dalam bentuk bunyi. Rellay mampu bekerja dengan baik untuk mengaktifkan pergerakan dari Solenoid DoorLock untuk membuka dan mengunci pintu. Sistem dapat membuka dan menutup pintu gerbang sesuai dengan rancangan yang telah direncanakan, yaitu dengan autentikasi RFID RC522 pada Arduino Uno.