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2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Yifan Zheng ◽  
Xinyi Yao ◽  
Guoyu Chen

In August 1991, the book Chinese Nation’s Traditional Sports History was published, and it was hailed as the “masterpiece of Chinese folk sports” by academic circles. In this masterpiece, the traditional horsemanship of 23 ethnic minorities and that of 10 southern ethnic minorities represented by the Miao, Yi, Bai, Shui, Hani, Naxi, and other ethnic groups has been included. For the first time, this masterpiece integrates the traditional horsemanship of the ethnic minorities in Southern China in one volume. The disadvantage is that most of the included traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities only made a brief introduction to the time, place, and form of its development. However, under the global trend of the transition from traditional society to modern society and post-modern society, the traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities in Southern China is facing an increasingly serious crisis of inheritance and disconnection, resulting in a gradual extinction of related traditional cultural heritage. The characteristics are gradually lost because of it. Therefore, it is essential to return to the historical and cultural field of traditional horsemanship, conduct rescue excavation, sort out the traditional horsemanship of ethnic minorities in Southern China, rescue the records of traditional horsemanship that is disappearing or undergoing drastic changes, as well as carry out comparative studies on this basis. This is not only an important way to inherit the traditional culture of ethnic minorities, but also means to protect the diversity of ethnic cultures and promote the development of exotic villages.


2021 ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Kausik Bandyopadhyay

Kausik Bandyopadhyay’s chapter provides an account of what a history of sports should mean in India and the travails of establishing it with an academic focus provides a glimpse of an emerging, vibrant sub-discipline. Beginning with histories of established sports such as football and cricket, the essay focuses on researching sports history in the contemporary that poses numerous dilemmas and constraints for academics interested in history writing. Added to this are the experiences of teaching of sports, and the pedagogical engagement in the academy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3202-3205
Author(s):  
Kadir Diler ◽  
Gamze Erikoğlu Örer

Background: Caffeine consumption may adversely affect the performance of athletes in some sports. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine drink consumed before competitions by air pistol athletes on their heart rate, trigger squeeze times and shooting scores. Methods: : In the study, caffeinated and caffeine-free measurements were applied on the same athletes. Following the evaluation, a total of 20 elite athletes, including 10 women with a mean age of 23.6±4.7 and 10 men with a mean age of 25.9±4.8 who had at least 2 years sports history, participated voluntarily in the study. The study was planned as a single blind. All athletes shot 10 times before both measurements. By random method, the athletes consumed Coffee with 3mg/kg caffeine or decaf coffee before the measurement. After 1 week, the same athletes were given coffee which was not given in the previous measurement before the measurement. A total of 80 shots were fired at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after both measurements. Following the evaluation, heart rates, trigger squeeze times and shooting scores of the athletes were recorded. Wilcoxon test to compare the differences between the measurements at two different times on the same group and Mann-Whitney U test to examine the differences in independent groups were used. Results: When the differences between the measurements of all male and female athletes were examined, it was found that there was an increase in their heart rate and trigger squeeze times 15, 30 and 60 minutes after caffeinated coffee consumption, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Besides there was a significant decrease in 15, 30 and 60 minute shooting scores of female athletes, and 15 and 30 minute shooting scores of male athletes (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the use of caffeine had a negative effect on the performance of air pistol athletes. Therefore, it can be said that people interested in air pistol discipline should not consume coffee or caffeine-containing beverages within 1-2 hours before the competition, if they consume, their heart rate will increase and their aiming during shooting will be more difficult and trigger-squeezing times will be extended. Keywords: Air pistol, Caffeine, Heart rate, Shooting


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siahkouhian Marefat ◽  
Bahram Mohammad Ebrahim ◽  
Mogharnasi Mehdi

A gymnast can not succeed without enough muscle strength and endurance. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between explosive power and flexibility in young boy gymnasts at different performance levels. Ninety-five young boys who participated in this study were divided into three groups: two artistic gymnast groups (N=53) and a sedentary (N=42) group. Artistic gymnasts were classified by their performance level and sports history to an elite (E, N=15) and/or a non-elite (Ne, N=38) group. The explosive power of subjects was determined via vertical and standing long jumps. The sit and reach flexibility test was used to determine lower body muscle flexibility. Our results showed that explosive power and flexibility test records were significantly different among the three groups (P≤0.001). They led to a conclusion that sport specific exercise training resulted in a concurrent improvement in explosive power and flexibility of young gymnasts.


Author(s):  
Philippe Haddad

This research paper seeks to explore the intersection of race, seen through the predominantly Black athletic body of the NBA, with the rise of the capitalist, consumer-oriented entertainment industry of professional sports throughout the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It will attempt to illustrate how racial identity and capitalism have reacted to one another to create one of the biggest – and one of the most complicated – entertainment entities in North America. To explore this issue, I will outline the social setting from which Black athletes grew to participate in spectator sports, touching on notable persons such as Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, and Bill Russell. I will then examine the importance of broadcasted sports and race’s role therein during the 20th century to contextualise capitalist practices in entertainment. I will conclude with an examination of capitalist practice as regulators for Black identity in the NBA by focusing on its direct and indirect attempts towards regulation. This will be done through an examination of Black athletes’ participation in social justice movements as measures of regulation, using the 1992 Rodney King trial riots and the events of Summer 2020 as comparative case studies. While this may appear to simply be an exploration of sports history, one should consider that sports are a primary form of entertainment in both North American and global popular culture. As such, this research project goes beyond an attempt to contribute to sports history, instead seeking to delve into the complementarity of social history, consumerism, and race.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (Vol.12, no.1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Daniel-Andrei IORDAN ◽  
Mircea-Dan MOCANU ◽  
Claudiu MEREUȚĂ ◽  
Zenovia STAN ◽  
George-Dănuț MOCANU ◽  
...  

Abstract We have lived in an era in sports history in which due to the intensity of the confrontations between athletes, disorders manifested by headaches, shoulder, pelvis and knee aches etc. appear more often. The performers during puberty require special attention on their morpho – functional development from the kynesiotherapist who is part of the multidisciplinary team, due to many transformations of the human body specific at this age category. 13 juniors female athletes have participated to the study, being assessed anthropometric, plantar pressures and posture with softwear FreeStep by Sensor Medica, biomechanical analysis and from technical & tactical point of view by 5 tests with DartFish 360S. Within the statistical – mathematical analysis, we have used Pearson correlation coefficient which favoured the identification of the strongest correlations resulted from the technical – tactical - anthropometric – plantar pressures and postural unbalances (r > 1.00 at test 1 and r > 0.84 at test 2). Assumption: It is assumed that by using established methods and means to assess postural deficiencies and to assess the level of consolidation of the topspin attack, we can identify the correlations between them which would facilitate the creation in the future of an efficient postural improvement program. The goal is to improve the quality of life and sports performance in junior female table tennis players. The conclusions of this study demonstrate the fact that the mobility of the spine in frontal plan, high thoracic elasticity and an increased lateral mobility on the opposite side of the active arm represent advantages intended to optimize the attack by topspin, while the supraponderability, the pain in lumber area and the shoulder’s asymmetry constitute disruptive factors of attack’s performance. Keywords: plantar pressures, postural unbalances, baropodometric platforms, topsin attack efficiency, dartfish 360s,


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