Tudományos láthatóság vizsgálata a rendészettudomány esetében

Jelen tanulmány a nemzetközi tudományos versenyképességet méri a rendészettudományi profillal rendelkező intézmények körében. A nemzetközi tudományos szemléletváltásba jól illeszkedik az egyre kiéleződő verseny, mind a kutatók egyéni, mind az intézmények és országok szintjén. A nemzetközi tudományos szemléletváltás legjelentősebb folyamata a tudományos munka „piacosodása”, melynek keretében a szerzők megélhetésüket kötik a kutatómunkához. A folyamat jelentős eleme a nemzetközi rangsorok, különösen a jelen tanulmányunk vizsgálati kereteit adó nemzetközi egyetemi rangsorok felértékelődése a tudományos teljesítmény mérhetővé válásával. A vizsgálatba hat intézményt vontunk be: Central Police University, College of Policing, Israel Police, National Research Institute of Police Science, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Shandong Police College. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgált intézmények összes publikációinak 79%-a folyóiratközleményként jelenik meg, ezt a konferenciaközlemények és review típusú közlemények követik. A társadalomtudományi közlemények 266 darabbal a hatodik legaktívabb tudományterületként jelennek meg a publikációs tevékenységben, melyet az orvostudományi közlemények vezetnek 1088 közleménnyel. A publikációs aktivitást tekintve megállapíthatók a bevont szerzők körében legnépszerűbb tématerületek is, melyet a „Gyilkosság; Sorozatgyilkos; Gyilkosok” tématerület vezet. A társszerzői hálózat elemzésekor egy igen aktív és erőteljes tudományos együttműködés rajzolódik ki a vizsgált intézmények szerzői körében. Az ehhez a társszerzői hálózathoz való csatlakozás a hazai, főleg Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem központú rendészettudományi kutatók számára prioritás a nemzetközi versenyképesség eléréséhez.

Short-Term Acute Exposure to Wildfire Smoke and Lung Function among Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Officers

The increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38 ± 9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfires in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. In our findings, the participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5 ± 5.9 and 80.1 ± 19.5 (% predicted). A marginal association was observed between air pollution and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95% CI: −0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association between air pollution index and RV was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment (2.80; 0.91 to 4.70) than those screened later (−0.28; −2.58 to 2.03), indicating a stronger effect of air pollution on peripheral airways. Acute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.

Framing, Suppression, and Colonial Policing Redux in Canada: News Representations of the 2019 Wet’suwet’en Blockade

In early 2019, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) intervened at the Gidimt’en Access Checkpoint in northern British Columbia (BC) and arrested 14 land defenders, garnering global media attention. To explore the ways that settler common sense ( Rifkin 2013 ) is assembled and perpetuated in Canada, this paper examines how Wet’suwet’en mobilization is framed in news media coverage. Situating our work in relation to settler colonial studies and informed by the writings of Indigenous scholars, we use critical discourse analysis to assess mainstream news media framings of the Wet’suwet’en struggle. Drawing from literature on social movement suppression, we discern three main themes in these texts that work to validate the RCMP’s excessive use of force against land defenders and delegitimize the Wet’suwet’en’s claim to sovereignty. While this framing set the stage for sustained corporate incursions, police surveillance, and occupation across unceded Wet’suwet’en territory, we suggest negative framing as well as activist use of social media to visualize state repression may have created the conditions for what Hess and Martin (2006) call backfire.

“The Advent of Civilization Amongst Them Will Not Tend to Their Betterment”: Understanding Representations of Colonial Contact in the Kitikmeot

Between 1915 and 1920, members of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) wrote four major narratives of making contact with Inuit living in territory now known as the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut. The authors were the first representatives of the Canadian state to enter the region, and their narratives positioned Inuit as “better off without civilization.” Various members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) stationed in the region over the subsequent three decades reproduced such discourse. While, at first glance, this discourse seems to attribute a nobility to traditional ways of life, upon closer inspection it actually positions Inuit as incapable of adapting successfully to changing socio-economic circumstances. Methodologically, this article critically reinterprets archival documents from the early agents of colonization in the Kitikmeot. While advancing historical scholarship concerning relations between Inuit and the Canadian state, the article contributes to contemporary agendas of decolonization and reconciliation by enabling a more complete understanding of the origins and nature of colonial rule in the Arctic. By arguing that colonial discourses have roots in local and specific relations of production, the article also contributes to postcolonial theories of efforts to legitimize colonization and represent colonized Others in essentialist and paternalistic terms.

Why Indigenous Canadians on reserves are reluctant to complain about the police

Recent widespread protests and intensive media coverage of actual and alleged acts of police misconduct against members of vulnerable populations (e.g., Indigenous and racialized persons, mentally ill and/or addicted persons) overrepresented in the criminal justice system have renewed interest internationally in the factors influencing civilian complaints against police. In Canada, a major concern exists regarding how Indigenous persons who feel improperly treated by the police perceive and confront barriers to making formal complaints about such treatment. This study focuses on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the police agency providing services to the majority of rural and northern reserve communities. Our survey and interviews with influential “community informants” (in this instance community court workers) with intimate knowledge of such local communities, shared culture and language, and vicarious appreciation of the experiences of community members support the view that Indigenous persons do encounter significant barriers to launching formal complaints and are consistent with other research literature. We discuss our findings, raise policy considerations for decision makers such as police leaders and police complaints bodies, and outline implications for future research.

A patient-informed qualitative evaluation of an online chronic pain treatment for military, police, and Veterans

LAY SUMMARY In this study, members and Veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces were asked about their experiences with an online chronic pain treatment that had been specifically tailored to this population, as well as to members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The purpose was to learn what participants in the treatment program liked and disliked about the program itself and the changes they would suggest to improve the program. The authors learned that despite the effort to tailor the treatment to this population, the voices of actual members of the population needed to be heard to truly tailor the program to their needs. The study provides insight into ways to refine the program to better match the unique characteristics of this population, their special connection to each other, and their individual differences. A revised version of the chronic pain program is being developed based on this feedback.

Predictive Properties of the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) in a Northern Canadian Prairie Sample

This study examined the predictive properties of the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) in a large Canadian, predominantly Indigenous, sample from a geographic region with the highest rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the country. A random stratified sample of 300 men (92.7% Indigenous) court adjudicated for an IPV offense was drawn from six Northern Saskatchewan Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment regions. The ODARA was rated from police records and recidivism data were obtained via official criminal records over a mean 4.7-year follow-up. ODARA scores had small to moderate predictive accuracy (AUC/C = .58–.67) for IPV and other recidivism outcomes in the aggregate sample and Indigenous subsample. E/O index analyses demonstrated that the ODARA Ontario norms overpredicted IPV recidivism at high scores but underpredicted it at lower mid-range scores. Implications for use of the ODARA to assist frontline police personnel in IPV risk assessment and management are discussed.

Equine Programs for Military Veterans and RCMP Officers with Occupational Stress Injuries: A Qualitative Analysis

Alternative approaches to mental health and support programming for military veterans and for officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) with occupational stress injuries have recently received attention in the field of post-traumatic stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of military veterans and actively serving RCMP officers with occupational stress injuries who participated in an exploratory study using an equine-assisted learning program. Using a focus group research design, 20 veterans and five RCMP officers were interviewed about their experiences in a 4-week equine-assisted learning program. A thematic content analysis, following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method, revealed five main themes: (1) appreciation for the value of learning new skills, (2) connection with the horse in terms of the human–animal bond, (3) self-regulation and learning to “speak horse,” (4) sense of accomplishment and competence, and (5) transferable skills to everyday life. The qualitative findings of this study provide support for the use of equine-assisted learning programming with military veterans and RCMP members and demonstrate potential as an alternative therapeutic intervention for occupational stress injuries in these populations.

Women Veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police: A scoping review

Lay Summary This literature review summarizes the available information about women Veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police, points out gaps in the literature, and suggests ways to improve research about this population. The literature reviewed mainly addressed demographics, women Veterans’ physical and mental health issues, income, and financial security, being a woman in the workplace, Veterans Affairs Canada program and service use, and military-to-civilian transition. Even though this review of 83 articles uncovered many issues faced by women Veterans in Canada, much more information is available about men compared with women Veterans, and more research on women Veterans is needed. With the research that is available, it is still difficult to understand the experiences of Canadian women Veterans, know whether their needs are being met, and figure out which issues are specific to them.