Water demand management at rural area using Micro-Component Analysis: a case study at Kenyir Lake, Malaysia

Water is one of the cornerstones in human survival and a necessity for socio-economic development. Due to that, effective management of water demand especially in the rural area becomes vital. The objective of this study is to conduct a water demand study at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu using Micro-Component Analysis (MCA). Water demand is also being assessed using National Water Services Commissions (SPAN) Guidelines, parallel to water guidelines applied for Malaysia’s building and comparison purposes. MCA considers detailed parameters of water use activities of the respective study area, whereas SPAN Guidelines use the fixed values of average daily water demand according to the type of building. The available dataset was interpreted using MCA and SPAN Guidelines, resulting in total daily water demand at Kenyir Lake of 1249.8 m3 and 1254.1 m3 respectively. Estimated water demand using SPAN Guidelines is found to be higher than MCA. The value differences occur due to the average water demand value in the guideline that is limited to a specific type of premises and does not comply with premises there. The estimated water demand can be adopted as a baseline for water companies and the government to improve the demand and supply of water.

Impact of spatial data uncertainty in debris flow susceptibility analysis

In a study of debris flow susceptibility on the European continent, an analysis of the impact between known location and a location accuracy offset for 99 debris flows, demonstrates the impact of uncertainty in defining appropriate predisposing factors, and consequent analysis for areas of susceptibility. The dominant predisposing environmental factors, as determined through Maximum Entropy modeling, are presented, and analyzed with respect to the values found at debris flow event points versus a buffered distance of locational uncertainty around each point. Five Maximum Entropy susceptibility models are developed utilizing the original debris flow inventory of points, randomly generated points, and two models utilizing a subset of points with an uncertainty of 5 km, 1 km, and a model utilizing only points with a known location of “exact”. The AUCs are 0.891, 0.893, 0.896, 0.921, and 0.93, respectively. The “exact” model, with the highest AUC, is ignored in final analyses due to the small number of points, and localized distribution, and hence susceptibility results likely non-representational of the continent. Each model is analyzed with respect to the AUC, highest contributing factors, factor classes, susceptibility impact, and comparisons of the susceptibility distributions and susceptibility value differences. Based on model comparisons, geographic extent and context of this study, the models utilizing points with a location uncertainty of less than or equal to 5 km best represent debris flow susceptibility of the continent of Europe. A novel representation of the uncertainty is expressed, and included in a final susceptibility map, as an overlay of standard deviation and mean of susceptibility values for the two best models, providing additional insight for subsequent action.

Searching for the yet unknown: Writing and dancing as incantatory practices

As two ballet dancers and university educators, we began this collaborative research with a shared belief in ballet and writing as liberatory practices and a desire to confront pedagogies that rely on intimidation. Both we and our students have experienced ballet and writing classes that rely on audit-and-surveillance, and we sought to foster individuality, value differences, and cultivate agency through multimodal approaches in our ballet technique, history, and dance studies courses. During the spring semester of 2021, the history and dance studies courses were online and asynchronous; the ballet classes met in a ‘hybrid’ model: classes were held in person, with students given the option to take class via Zoom either synchronously or asynchronously. Through interviews and analysis, we found praxes that ignite curiosity and motivation by drawing from definitions of writing and dancing as incantatory practices. Notably, this is the first research that takes a capacious view of ‘ballet pedagogy’ to include history, writing, technique, and dance studies courses. Ultimately, we hope these findings support exploratory and multimodal teaching, reinforce connections among language, empowerment, and pedagogy, encourage students and educators to collaboratively challenge current practices, and motivate administrators to rethink university structures that replicate the audit-and-surveillance practices of certain ballet and writing pedagogies.

Data classification methods for preserving spatial patterns

The primary purpose of choropleth maps is to display or even to emphasize special relationships or patterns in the spatial distribution of attribute values. However, because classification methods commonly used and implemented in software packages (such as equidistance, quantiles, Jenks, etc.) are data-driven, a preservation of such spatial patterns is not guaranteed. Instead of such a data-driven approach in the following a task-oriented procedure is pursued: For typical patterns (local and global extreme values, large value differences to neighbours, spatial clusters, hot/cold spots) specific algorithms have been developed, implemented and tested.

Motor response vigour and fixations reflect subjective preferences during intertemporal choice

Value-based decision-making is of central interest in cognitive neuroscience and psychology, as well as in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders characterised by decision-making impairments. Studies examining (neuro-)computational mechanisms underlying choice behaviour typically focus on participants' decisions. However, there is increasing evidence that option valuation might also be reflected in motor response vigour and eye movements, implicit measures of subjective utility. To examine motor response vigour and visual fixation correlates of option valuation in intertemporal choice, we set up a task where the participants selected an option by pressing a grip force transducer, simultaneously tracking fixation shifts between options. As outlined in our preregistration (https://osf.io/k6jct), we used hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation to model the choices assuming hyperbolic discounting, compared variants of the softmax and drift diffusion model, and assessed the relationship between response vigour and the estimated model parameters. The behavioural data were best explained by a drift diffusion model specifying a non-linear scaling of the drift rate by the subjective value differences. Replicating previous findings (Green et al., 1997; Wagner et al., 2020a), we found a magnitude effect for temporal discounting, such that higher rewards were discounted less. This magnitude effect was further reflected in response vigour, such that stronger forces were exerted in the high vs. the low magnitude condition. Bayesian hierarchical linear regression further revealed higher grip forces, faster response times and a lower number of fixation shifts for trials with higher subjective value differences. Our data suggest that subjective utility or implicit valuation is reflected in response vigour during intertemporal choice. Taking into account response vigour might thus provide deeper insight into decision-making, reward valuation and maladaptive changes in these processes, e.g. in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders.

SHARE VALUE DIFFERENCES PT. KIMIA FARMA TBK TOWARDS THE ACQUISITION OF SHARE EVENTS IN PT. PHAPROS TBK

TThis study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the value of the shares of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. after the acquisition of PT. Phapros Tbk. The data used is the value of shares consisting of book value, market value, and the intrinsic value of shares of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk, which was taken ten months before the acquisition of PT. Phapros Tbk. by PT Kimia Farma Tbk. This study is a comparative study with a quantitative descriptive approach, data analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of this study indicate that the book value of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. which has a significant difference before and after the acquisition, while the indicators of the stock market value and the intrinsic value of PT. Kimia Farma Tbk. does not have a significant difference before and after the acquisition event.

Personal Values Across Cultures

Values play an outsized role in the visions, critiques, and discussions of politics, religion, education, and family life. Despite all the attention values receive in everyday discourse, their systematic study took hold in mainstream psychology only in the 1990s. This review discusses the nature of values and presents the main contemporary value theories, focusing on the theory of basic personal values. We review evidence for the content and the structure of conflict and compatibility among values found across cultures. We discuss the assumptions underlying the many instruments developed to measure values. We then consider the origins of value priorities and their stability or change over time. The remainder of the review presents the evidence for the ways personal values relate to personality traits, subjective well-being, and the implications of value differences for religiosity, prejudice, pro- and antisocial behavior, political and environmental behavior, and creativity, concluding with a discussion of mechanisms that link values to behavior. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Values and Value Orientations of Adolescents and Young People in Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Situations

The article offers a theoretical analysis of the incorrect overlapping of the terms competence and value, value and belief, the confusion in using the terms value and value orientation and, as a result, the definitions of the concepts value and value orientation are proposed. The study aims to determine the dynamic and specifics of value manifestation in contemporary adolescents and young people in pre-pandemic and pandemic situations. The main part of the article is dedicated to the presentation of obtained experimental data research received by four instruments used to get the most complex data regarding values and value orientations held by subjects. The focus of this article is on specificity of values held/maintained by contemporary adolescents and young people, relationship between terminal and instrumental values, significance of value differences in adolescents and young people, the changes that occurred in the value orientations during the pandemic period.