heat islands
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MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
SHRAVAN KUMAR ◽  
THAKUR PRASAD ◽  
N. V. SASHIDHARAN ◽  
SUSHMA K. NAIR

A mobile temperature survey of Brihan Mumbai (Greater Bombay) was undertaken on 16 January 1997 which incidentally turned out to be the coldest winter night. Heat islands were found well inside the city, away from the coastal boundary, within a distinct tongue of warm air splitting in three branches roughly along the three sub- urban railway tracks. The finding of the study were in sharp contrast with similar studies conducted during the early seventies by Daniel and Krishnamurthy (1973) and later by Mukherjee and Daniel (1976). They found a remarkable influence of sea on the horizontal temperature distribution in comparison to other factors of urbanisation and noticed the heat island over Malabar Hill, Girgaurn and Cuffe Parade area. The survey conducted after a span of twenty-two years, showed that the temperature distribution in the city and suburbs has been modified significantly and that the effect of urbanisation has overtaken the effect of maritime influence in the formation and maintenance of heat islands. Another mobile temperature survey was conducted during the early hours of 11 May 1997 on the same lines as survey conducted on 16 January 1997, to confirm the findings of earlier survey and to assess seasonal changes in the intensities of heat island. This later survey showed similar pattern of horizontal temperature distribution, though the intensity of heat island observed was only 5.5° C as compared to 11.8° C observed during winter.


Author(s):  
Zihan Liu ◽  
Jiameng Lai ◽  
Wenfeng Zhan ◽  
Benjamin Bechtel ◽  
James Voogt ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Khaled Seifeddine ◽  
Evelyne Toussaint ◽  
Sofiane Amziane

Traditional impermeable pavements such as asphalt have dark surfaces and high thermal inertia. During hot weather, they tend to absorb and store solar radiation, which promotes the development of urban heat islands (UHI). Furthermore, permeable pavements are effective in mitigating the urban heat island effect via evaporative cooling. There are many studies in the literature on the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of permeable pavements, but a few studies focus on the impact of evaporative cooling of these pavements. In this study, 3 types of permeable pavements based on pozzolan, recycled rubber and polyurethane resin were studied during 3 hot days. The objective was to quantify the cooling effect in these innovative permeable pavements compared to a traditional impermeable asphalt pavement. The results of this experiment show that the cooling effect in the new types of draining pavements can last up to two days in the weather conditions of this experiment compared to the traditional asphalt pavement. The evaporation rate and surface temperature of permeable pavements vary in opposite directions. In addition, evaporation in pervious pavements is controlled by the availability of water near the surface. This study is a preliminary step in the design of pavements that contribute to the valorization of rubber waste, to the stormwater management and to the reduction of the effects of urban heat islands during heat waves.


2022 ◽  
pp. 111843
Author(s):  
Jike Chen ◽  
Peijun Du ◽  
Shuangen Jin ◽  
Haiyong Ding ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 104280
Author(s):  
Gerardo A. Carrillo-Niquete ◽  
José Luis Andrade ◽  
José René Valdez-Lazalde ◽  
Casandra Reyes-García ◽  
José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni

Author(s):  
Rebeca de Jesús Crespo ◽  
Rachel Elba Rogers

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are important pathogen-carrying vectors that broadly exhibit similar habitat suitability, but that differ at fine spatial scales in terms of competitive advantage and tolerance to urban driven environmental parameters. This study evaluated how spatial and temporal patterns drive the assemblages of these competing species in cemeteries of New Orleans, LA, applying indicators of climatic variability, vegetation, and heat that may drive habitat selection at multiple scales. We found that Ae. aegypti was well predicted by urban heat islands (UHI) at the cemetery scale and by canopy cover directly above the cemetery vase. As predicted, UHI positively correlate to Ae. aegypti, but contrary to predictions, Ae. aegypti, was more often found under the canopy of trees in high heat cemeteries. Ae. albopictus was most often found in low heat cemeteries, but this relationship was not statistically significant, and their overall abundances in the city were lower than Ae. aegypti. Culex quinquefasciatus, another important disease vector, was also an abundant mosquito species during the sampling year, but we found that it was temporally segregated from Aedes species, showing a negative association to the climatic variables of maximum and minimum temperature, and these factors positively correlated to its more direct competitor Ae. albopictus. These findings help us understand the mechanism by which these three important vectors segregate both spatially and temporally across the city. Our study found that UHI at the cemetery scale was highly predictive of Ae. aegypti and strongly correlated to income level, with low-income cemeteries having higher UHI levels. Therefore, the effect of excessive heat, and the proliferation of the highly competent mosquito vector, Ae. aegypti, may represent an unequal disease burden for low-income neighborhoods of New Orleans that should be explored further. Our study highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic aspects as indirectly shaping spatial segregation dynamics of urban mosquito species.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Lidiane de Oliveira Lemos ◽  
Antonio Carlos Oscar Júnior ◽  
Francisco Mendonça

This study aims to evaluate the thermal field of the central business district (CBD) of Rio de Janeiro during summer from land surface temperature (LST) and the thermal characteristics of the urban canopy layer (UCL) of the urban canyon in Avenida Rio Branco. In order to conduct this evaluation, two methods were employed: (1) TIRS Landsat-8 sensor for data selection and processing (latest generation, 2011–2020); (2) a field survey using nine sampling points—seven along two mobile transects, one fixed point, and one vertical measurement point, which required the use of an RPA (remotely piloted aircraft). Three categories of analysis were established for the field survey based on the prevailing synoptic situations: stability, instability, and post-instability. The CBD is characterized by extensive areas with surface heat islands, in which temperatures were higher than 38.9 °C; the areas with milder LSTs were Campo do Santana, Avenida Rio Branco, and one of the mixed-use zones (Praça Mauá). With respect to Rio Branco Avenue, the LST niches of lowest elevation were derived through building shadowing; however, due to the nature of the data, the orbital data diverged from the observation data of the 10 field-study days. In situ data revealed that the characteristics urban morphology of Avenida Rio Branco, by contrast with the LST result, is susceptible to the formation of atmospheric heat islands, presenting heat islands of very strong magnitude (over 6.1 °C) in atmospheric stability, strong magnitude (4.1–6.0 °C) in atmospheric instability, and moderate magnitude (2.1–4.0 °C) in post-atmospheric instability. Despite the synoptic situation, thermal cores were concentrated at 1 p.m. The intersection between Avenida Rio Branco, Rua do Ouvidor, and Praça Mauá stored most of the solar energy received during the day due to the greater sky obstruction caused by the verticalization. Finally, vertical analysis demonstrated the formation of a thermal inversion on the night of the highest mean air temperature (29.5 °C), probably due to the roughness and number of buildings in the urban canyon.


Author(s):  
Rodrigo Borges Nascimento Guedes ◽  
Marina Lavorato ◽  
Cláudia Cotrim Pezzuto

A current problem triggered by anthropological factors that many cities in the world face is the increase in temperature in urban centres caused by urban heat islands. There is a constant proposal for measures to reduce these effects, which can be harmful to the health and well-being of the population. The purpose of this work is to carry out a bibliometric mapping to analyse the published documents on cool materials regarding the mitigation effects of heat islands and to understand their origin and possible reasons that led to the study of this theme. From the SCOPUS database, searching for “Cool Material AND (Albedo OR Reflectance) AND Heat Island”, the scientific documents (engineering area) published between 1995 and 2021 were selected and analysed: the types of documents, their origin, the year of publication, the main authors and the journals in which they were published. Energy and Buildings and Building and Environment were the two main journals on the subject. 1995 had the first article published and coincided with the year of the first Conference of the Parties (COP1), on climate change. Through a bibliometric survey, it is possible to understand the importance of the beginning of this line of research and that climatic events can trigger interest and bring the scientific view to a certain area. However, because it is a single-base study, the research, despite bringing good information, still needs constant updates.


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