Entrepreneurship attitudes and the Big Five: A cross-cultural comparison between Spain and the United States

Culture may interact with personality to facilitate or inhibit entrepreneurial behaviors. 296 undergraduates in the United States and 257 in Spain completed the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students (Mean age = 20.16 years; SD = 3.39). We hypothesized that across cultures, conscientiousness and openness would predict greater risk taking whereas neuroticism and agreeableness would be a negative correlate. Personality variables explained a larger proportion of the variance in entrepreneurial attitudes in the U.S. data. The associations between the personality dimensions and entrepreneurship varied considerably by country and gender. Significant positive correlations were found between conscientiousness and risk taking only for Spanish men. Neuroticism was significantly and negatively correlated with risk taking only for American participants. La cultura puede interactuar con la personalidad para facilitar o inhibir las conductas emprendedoras. 296 estudiantes universitarios en Estados Unidos y 257 en España completaron el inventario de los Cinco Grandes de Personalidad y la escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (Media de edad = 20.16 años; DT = 3.39). Se hipotetiza que, a través de culturas, conciencia y apertura serán predictores de mayor toma de riesgos, mientras neuroticismo y amigabilidad lo harán en negativo. Las variables de personalidad explican una mayor proporción de varianza en actitudes emprendedoras en los datos estadounidenses. Las asociaciones entre las dimensiones de personalidad y emprendimiento varían considerablemente por país y género. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas significativas entre conciencia y toma de riesgos solo en hombres españoles. El neuroticismo correlaciona negativa y significativamente con la toma de riesgos, solo en el caso de los participantes americanos.

Entrepreneurship Competence Model for Supporting Learners Development at All Educational Levels

The development of entrepreneurship competence considering a broad view of entrepreneurship requires a systematic approach to determine the validated content of learning and methodological basis for supporting learners’ entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour. There is still relatively little research in this area at all levels of education. Addressing entrepreneurship competence as key competence of lifelong learning allows to broaden the understanding and describe the development of different aspects of entrepreneurship competence through meaningful and supportive interactions in the learning environment. This will allow a better understanding of how to support entrepreneurship competence in various courses and age groups. In this article, a framework of entrepreneurship competence called the Comprehensive Entrepreneurship Competence Model (CECM) is proposed. The development of an entrepreneurship competence model relies on the theory of systems thinking. The CECM model focuses on the developmental perspective (fundamental processes of human development) that is not emphasised in other models. The article also suggests how to support the development of entrepreneurship competence systematically at all levels of education through embedding entrepreneurship competence into the curricula, study programmes of different subjects and overall learning processes.

The effect of project on children attitude toward environmental balance

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of project on children’s attitude toward environmental balance. This study is a qualitative study using a holistic single case study design involving “compost cases”, at a kindergarten in Perak, Malaysia. The participants consisted of a focus group of 18 children and an educator. The data was obtained through triangulation results from unstructured interview, observation, and unofficial documents such as children notebooks, sketches, and pictures of investigative activities. The findings showed that the children understand the negative impact of using chemicals on Earth. The finding also showed that children able to give suggestions on producing compost, burying food scraps in the soil and use the compost dining set for banquet to deal with waste management problems. In addition, the finding showed that children able to classify waste materials which is easily decompose for compost production. The finding also showed that activities project able to develop entrepreneurial attitudes in children to sell the product produced. The valuable experience through observation and hands-on activities from early childhood will help the continuity of learning process throughout their lives.

A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Entrepreneurial Personality

Entrepreneurial Personality (EP) is a collection of personality traits that broadly and strongly relate to entrepreneurial outcomes across most contexts. The goal of the current article is to address present uncertainties surrounding EP by identifying its dimensions and assessing their relations with entrepreneurial outcomes. Our systematic literature review demonstrates that seven dimensions are commonly used to represent EP: innovativeness, risk-taking, achievement orientation, locus of control, proactiveness, self-efficacy, and autonomy orientation. Via meta-analytic structural equation modeling, we find support for a one-factor model composed of these seven dimensions, suggesting that they indeed represent a unitary construct. Our meta-analysis also supports that EP and its dimensions consistently produce significant relations with entrepreneurial attitudes, intent, status, and performance. EP is thereby supported as an important component of successful entrepreneurial endeavors, and our meta-analytic results provide clear criteria for determining the inclusion of dimensions within the construct of EP – which our seven identified dimensions satisfy.

Financial and Non-Financial Aspects of Entrepreneurship - the Polish Perspective

The phenomenon of entrepreneurship has various perspectives – economic, financial, social, and psychological. The aim of this paper is to present entrepreneurship from a perspective merging both financial and non-financial aspects of this phenomenon. The article presents two (complementary) aspects related to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. One of the aspects described by author is the availability of financing for businesses in Poland (showing the issue in response to the most important obstacle to running a business), the other is shaping entrepreneurial attitudes. The section on sources of financing give an answer to the question of whether (and if so - to what extent) the problem of access to financing is a real barrier to starting a business in Poland. Presenting the perspective of students gives a new view on the subject and enables us to recognize factors that determine the decision to start a business among young people, knowledge of which may contribute to a change in attitudes towards setting up a business in Poland. Among the conclusions, the author mentions, inter alia, the need to strengthen entrepreneurial attitudes among students, especially due to the growing number of companies operating in Poland for reasons of positive motivation (such as improvement of the standard of living or independence). Moreover, the conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that new companies are financed primarily from their own resources, which discourages many from starting their own business.

The Effect of Sports Experience and Competitive Orientation on Entrepreneurial Priorities, Attitudes, and Decision Making.

This paper poses a few questions about the link between athletic experience and entrepreneurial behavior. Does athletic experience affect entrepreneurial attitudes, decisions, and, therefore, outcomes? If so, is it specifically their competitive orientation that drives these differences? This paper uses survey data to observe differences in attitudes, decisions, leadership, and strategy between athletes and non-athletes. This paper also implements an experiment, which randomly assigns half of the participants to be primed by recalling a competitive situation to test whether differences in behavior between athletes and non-athletes can be attributed to a competitive mindset. The survey undertaken for this purpose received 100 responses. In this research, I also specifically examine the role that a competitive mindset, which is frequently developed through sports, plays in entrepreneurial attitudes, priorities, and strategies. This paper tests if athletes and non-athletes make different decisions in the face of entrepreneurial challenges. It also examines whether any of those differences can be attributed to the competitive orientation of people with athletic experience.

The Role of Microfinance in the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

This work has tried to investigate the impact of microfinance on the development of SMEs). The primary data was collected through questionnaires from SMEs in Peshawar. The results show that microfinance plays a vital role in the revenue and profit growth of SMEs and reveals that SMEs with higher financial risk and lower levels of productivity are more likely to seek microcredit. Furthermore, the results suggest that firm characteristics including product innovation efforts and managerial and entrepreneurial attitudes are the key determinants of the likelihood of receiving microfinance. The main problems identified were lengthy documentation process, lack of information about the microcredit other security requirements.

A framework explaining the entrepreneurial intentions of engineering students in public universities

This study explains the Entrepreneurial Intent (EI) of university students enrolled in engineering programs at the public university of the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, in terms of the three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, formal (entrepreneurship education) and informal (the entrepreneurial demonstrated behavior of family and friends) institutional factors, and two individual traits (innovativeness and need of achievement). The conceptual model proposed also examines the role of entrepreneurship education in strengthening entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Survey data is analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings indicate entrepreneurial attitudes have the most significant predictive ability on entrepreneurial intention over entrepreneurial education and the manifest entrepreneurial actions of close social groups that have only a moderate influence on EI. The analysis also confirms that entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Based on these results, it is recommended that Engineering Schools devote more attention to experiential learning to create favorable entrepreneurial attitudes and develop students’ entrepreneurial skills, particularly among those with a high need for achievement.

Does Entrepreneurship Education in Family Business Affect Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Motivation?

The ability to survive a family business during the COVID-19 pandemic is a very interesting concept to study, because almost every family business has difficulty maintaining its business in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, so based on this, this study aims to analyze and reveal the influence of entrepreneurship education in family towards entrepreneurial motivation, either directly, or through mediating the entrepreneurial attitude of family business entrepreneurs in the culinary sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a non-experimental explanatory study on the culinary sector family business in Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The population in this study is 1,267 family businesses in the culinary sector, with a sample of 133 family businesses in the culinary sector. The findings of this study have succeeded in revealing and exploring that entrepreneurship education in the family has contributed to the formation of entrepreneurial motivation both directly and indirectly through mediating the entrepreneurial attitude of family business entrepreneurs in the culinary sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.