Worlds First Offshore Horizontal Well Using Jointed Pipe Cemented Frac Sleeve Technology

The Valdemar field, located in the Danish sector of the North Sea, targets a Lower Cretaceous, "dirty chalk" reservoir characterized by low permeabilities of <0.5mD, high porosities of >20% and contains up to 25% insoluble fines. To produce economically the reservoir must be stimulated. Typically, this is by means of hydraulic fracturing. A traditional propped fracture consists of 500,000 to 1,000,000 lbs of 20/40 sand, placed using a crosslinked seawater-based borate fluid. The existing wells in the field are completed using the PSI (perforate, isolate, stimulate)1 system. This system was developed in the late 1980s as a way of improving completion times allowing each interval to be perforated, stimulated and isolated in a single trip and has been used extensively in the Danish North Sea in a variety of fields. The system consists of multiset packers with sliding sleeves and typically takes 2-3 days between the start of one fracture to the next. Future developments in this area now require a new, novel and more efficient approach owing to new target reservoir being of a thinner and poorer quality. In order for these new developments to be economical an approach was required to allow for longer wells to be drilled and completed allowing better reservoir connectivity whilst at the same time reducing the completion time, and therefore rig time and overall cost. A project team was put together to develop a system that could be used in an offshore environment that would satisfy the above criteria, allowing wells to be drilled out to 21,000ft and beyond in excess of coiled tubing reach. The technology developed consists of cemented frac sleeves, operated with jointed pipe, allowing multiple zones to be stimulated in one trip, as well as utilizing a modified BHA that allows for the treatments to take place through the tubing, bringing numerous benefits. The following paper details the reasons for developing the new technology, the development process itself, the challenges that had to be overcome and a case history on the execution of the first job of its kind in the North Sea, in which over 7MM lbs of sand was pumped successfully, as well as the post treatment operations which included a proof of concept in utilizing a tractor to manipulate the sleeves. Finally, the production performance will be discussed supported by the use of tracer subs at each of the zones.

Isolation of Unusual N-Thiophenyl Ebselenamines and other Intermediates during the 77Se NMR Mechanistic Study of Azo-Bis-Ebselen: Their Antioxidant Behaviour against Oxidative Stress

Based on the traditional 77Se NMR spectroscopy investigation, a catalytic cycle for the formation of N-thiophenyl ebselenamine 12 involving diselenide 9, selenenyl sulfide 10 and ebselenamine 7a was reported by the reaction of azo-bis-ebselen 8 with PhSH and H2O2. The signals detected in the 77Se NMR spectrum corresponding to 7a, 10 and 12 were directly isolated from the NMR mixture. Mechanistic investigation for the formation of N-thiophenyl ebselenamine 12 was confirmed from an independent reaction of diselenide 9 and PhSSPh in the presence of H2O2. This was further supported by another diselenide 19 containing p-tolyl group with equimolar amount of H2O2 and PhSH in an independent experiment followed by the 77Se NMR spectroscopy, yielding similar observations. These results, which illustrated diselenide has been observed as the main precursor in the formation of all intermediates. The new novel selenium antioxidants quenched lipidperoxyl radicals much more efficiently than α-tocopherol and were regenerable by the aqueous ascorbic acid in a two-phase (chlorobenzene/water) azo-initiated peroxidation system. The notable benefit of the organoselenium biology, the novel ebselenamine analogues and their corresponding selenenyl sulfides were found to mimic the activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzymes better than ebselen in the coupled reductase assay.

Modern Epics

A new novel about the 2015 surge of migration to Europe raises questions about whether fiction that draws on ethnographic methods can bring a uniquely intimate perspective to the relations between asylum seekers and the volunteers who try to help them.

A Novel Method that uses Light to Test Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics is a very important topic which has uses in a wide array of fields and is involved in things that range from bridges to spacecrafts. Despite this, most aerodynamic tests are performed only one of two ways, using extremely expensive wind tunnels or by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation. Both of these preexisting methods have flaws however, with wind tunnels costing gargantuan amounts of money and CFD methods consuming large amounts of energy. These flaws have prompted scientist and engineers to actively seek new solutions and methods that will help to address the cost and energy issues associated with the other two methods. This search has been to no avail so far as new novel methods have not been found until now. I have found a new method that concerns the use of light in order to test the aerodynamics of objects. To prove the feasibility, I have experimented using this method and have found it to accurately simulate aerodynamics behavior in all cases tested by me. This discovery is rather significant as it would lead to a substantial shift in the field of testing aerodynamics.

The New Novel Discrete Distribution with Application on COVID-19 Mortality Numbers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Latvia

This paper aims to introduce a superior discrete statistical model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality numbers in Saudi Arabia and Latvia. We introduced an optimal and superior statistical model to provide optimal modeling for the death numbers due to the COVID-19 infections. This new statistical model possesses three parameters. This model is formulated by combining both the exponential distribution and extended odd Weibull family to formulate the discrete extended odd Weibull exponential (DEOWE) distribution. We introduced some of statistical properties for the new distribution, such as linear representation and quantile function. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method is applied to estimate the unknown parameters of the DEOWE distribution. Also, we have used three datasets as an application on the COVID-19 mortality data in Saudi Arabia and Latvia. These three real data examples were used for introducing the importance of our distribution for fitting and modeling this kind of discrete data. Also, we provide a graphical plot for the data to ensure our results.

Jaya Optimization Algorithm Implemented on A New Novel Design of 6-DOF AUV Body: A Case Study

The Novel Jaya Optimization Algorithm (JOA) was utilized in this research to evaluate the efficiency of a new novel design of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The Three Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers were used to obtain the optimum output for the AUV Trajectory, which can be considered as a main side of the research for solving the AUV Performance. The optimization technique has been developed to solving the motion model of the AUV in order to reduce the rotations of trajectory for the AUV 6-DOF Body in the axis’s in x, y and z for the overall positions, velocity... etc., and to execute the optimum output for the dynamic kinematics model based on the Novel Euler-6 DOF AUV Body Equation implemented on MATLAB R2021a Version.

New novel thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials from discarded facemasks of COVID-19 pandemic

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people were encouraged and sometimes required to wear disposable facemasks, which then are discarded creating an environmental problem. In this study, we aim at investigating novel ideas to recycle wasted facemasks in order to lower the environmental impact. An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the possibility of using discarded masks for thermal insulation and sound absorption. The wasted masks are simulated by new masks, which stripped off the nose clips, elastic ear loops and are heated to 120 °C for one hour to kill any biological contaminants. The masks are also melted to investigate their thermal insulation and sound absorption properties. Results show that the thermal conductivity coefficients of the loose and melted masks are 0.03555 and 0.08683 W/m K, respectively, at room temperature of about 25 °C. Results show also that the sound absorption coefficient for loose masks is above 0.6 for the frequency range 600–5000 Hz. The loose facemasks are found to be thermally stable up to 295 °C, elastic ear loops at 304.7 °C, and the composite (melted) facemasks at 330.0 °C using the thermo-gravimetric analysis. Characterization of the facemask’s three-layer fibers and the composite (melted) samples is obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The three-point bending test is obtained for the composite specimens showing good values of flexural stress, flexural strain, and flexural elastic modulus. These results are promising about using such discarded masks as new thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials for buildings replacing the synthetic or petrochemical insulation materials.

A Case Report and Literature Review of a Novel Mutation in the MAGED2 Gene of a Patient With Severe Transient Polyhydramnios

Background: Polyhydramnios occurs frequently during pregnancy. Mutations in the MAGED2 gene can cause X-linked acute early-onset polyhydramnios with a severe but transient form of antenatal Bartter's syndrome.Case Presentation: Here, we report a new novel frameshift mutation c.733_734delCT (p. Leu245GlufsTer4) in the MAGED2 gene (NM_177433.1) that caused prenatal polyhydramnios, but did not cause polyuria after birth. Follow-up was conducted for 2 months, and the baby's growth and development were normal, without polyuria and renal impairment. In addition, we identified all individuals with MAGED2 mutations reported in the literature before March 2021.Conclusion: We report a new case with a novel variant of the MAGED2 gene that caused severe hydramnios but with a good result and summary clinical characteristics in a newborn with antenatal Bartter's syndrome caused by an MAGED2 mutation. Good prenatal diagnosis and genetic consultation can improve pregnancy monitoring and newborn management.

3D Atom based QSAR model of DprE1 inhibitors as Anti-tubercular Agents

Tuberculosis disease is world’s biggest threat to health with a high mortality rate. There has been a steady surge in the frequency of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Hence, it is imperative to encourage the research and development of novel drugs to counteract the infection. Decaprenylphosphoryl-ß-D-ribose-2'α-epimerase 1 (DprE1) is a valuable enzyme which is responsible for the stability and virulence of the infection causing bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) thereby making it a perfect target for drugs anti TB activity. This study represent atom based 3D QSAR model consisting the derivatives of DprE1 inhibitors and provides guidance and insight to develop and identify new novel molecule which have good therapeutic efficiency as Anti TB drugs.

The relationship between Artistic Time and Space in Natalie Sarott’s “Golden Friut”

The article discusses the peculiarities of the relationship between time and space in Natalie Sarott's novel "Golden Fruit" (1963), a representative of the French "New Novel" of the twentieth century: Non-linearity, asymmetry, syncretism, avoidance of story lines, rapid interruption of time, alternation, "intense" immobility, inertia of time, simultaneous expressions of repetition, "immobilization-freezing" of the present, reflected in each other.The “rapid interruption” on time conveyed by the semicolon and the techniwue of substituting grammatical forms of different tenses will make the reader experience the uniformity of the past, present and future and the inconsistent circular interchange.