Students’ Behavior of Asking Questions Through Narrative and Informative Texts

By asking questions, students can practice many cognitive processes, and these processes may reflect clues about their thinking skills. In order to understand students’ cognitive levels in thinking, questions can be used as agents. Doing so, this study focuses on examining students’ questions in terms of cognitive levels of Bloom’s revised taxonomy, namely, remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create. For this purpose, the study followed a qualitative research design with 106 high school students and eight language and literature teachers. To capture the relevant data, students were given two types of texts (narrative and informative), then asked to generate text-based questions as well as their answers. Along with students, teachers were interviewed to find out how they direct students to ask comprehension questions according to instructional strategies they used in asking questions. The data were analyzed through descriptive and content analysis. The results showed that participant students mainly asked questions addressing at the analyze level for the narrative text, and at the understand level for the informative text. These levels are assumed as lower-order thinking skills according to the taxonomy, and possible reasons were discussed with further recommendations.

A LITERARY READING IN THE LINGUISTIC EFFORTS OF IBN QUTAYBA IN HIS BOOK ADAB ‎AL-KĀTIB “THE WRITER'S LITERATURE”‎

Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 AH / 889 AD) was attentive in both the Arabic linguistics‏ ‏and its literature, ‎whereas he hath assorted numerous workbooks which testify his care about, and those who came ‎after, have been benefited from his critical material on the fields of language and literature, this ‎incipit of the research is concerned with reading Ibn Qutayba's linguistic views through the ‎subject of his book Adab al-Kātib “The Writer's Literature” particularly those related to ‎orthography and solecism in the Arabs’ language, and the importance of the research lies in ‎shedding light on the Arab linguistic legacy in the third century AH\ ninth century AD, and ‎displaying the impact of Ibn Qutayba in it, and the objective of the research is to analyze what ‎was mentioned in two important linguistic topics from the book of Adab al-Kātib “The Writer’s ‎Literature” which are: the topic of rectification of the hand and the topic of rectification of the ‎tongue, which they are both linguistic topics that show the prevailing linguistics status in the era ‎of Ibn Qutayba, thence, they are also considered a door to understanding the linguistic opinions ‎that the writer gleaned from his wells and sheikhs.‎ The research deals with linguistic problems related to the orthography and the Arab solecism and ‎phonetics among the populace in the era of Ibn Qutayba, relying on a research framework that ‎begins with a preamble considering both the writer and the book, and then deals with the ‎linguistics status in the third century AH through what was mentioned in the book’s sermon, then ‎he presents some of what was mentioned in his book Adab al-Kātib ”The Writer’s Literature” in ‎the two chapters; rectification of the hand and rectification of the tongue, then epitomized the ‎disputations between Ibn Qutayba and the commentators of his book regarding the two ‎mentioned sections, and the research is concluded with a brief epilogue that presents his most ‎prominent conclusions.‎

MULTILATERAL VIEW OF SHOAH EVENTS THROUGH LITERARY TEXTS

The paper presents the potential of literary texts with the theme of Shoah in the field of forming the desired profile of citizens of a democratic society. After the introduction, we briefly focus on the anchoring of the Shoah in Czech curricular documents focusing on the educational field of Czech Language and Literature, then we deal with the possibilities of Literary Education in the presentation of Shoah events and then the importance of multilateral perspective on the Shoah and its educational and axiological potential. We demonstrate various multilateral views on the issue of the Shoah with artistic narratives in which one line of events of the Second World War is viewed from another or from different angles.

The Role of Literature in Achieving Proficiency in Language Use: The Case of ESL

It has been observed that many users of English in Nigeria do not possess the required level of competence in the language despite its second language status, with its attendant high functional load. This paper seeks to discover the role of literature in achieving proficiency in the use of the English language. To this end, it is targeted at exploring literature in English as a veritable resource in achieving the required proficiency among Nigerian users of English as a second language. The study population consists of final year students of the Department of English language and Literature of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka in Nigeria. Questionnaires and participant observations were adopted as the instruments for data collection. It was discovered that students who have more exposure to literary works are more proficient in using the English language. It, therefore, concluded that making students read literary works, listen, dramatize, and recite them will acquaint them with the comprehensible input they need to achieve the requisite competence in the language.

EXPLORING BROWN AND LEVINSON’S POLITENESS THEORY AND THE FORM-FUNCTION FIT IN REQUESTS IN JANE AUSTEN’S PRIDE AND PREJUDICE FROM A RELEVANCE-THEORETIC, CONSTRUCTIONIST, AND CONTRASTIVE PERSPECTIVE

The aim of this work is to demonstrate and illustrate the pervasive existence of points of convergence between literature and language in general and form and meaning in particular. Specifically, the connection between language and literature is explored with specific reference to one of the germinal works of English literature, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice in the light of the principles and taxonomies of Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory, with special focus on requests. A further twist added to the analysis presented in this work comes from a relatively fine-nuanced contrastive (English-Spanish) analysis of requests strategies using as the database of analysis a Spanish translation of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (Rodríguez, 2018).

PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE COURSE ON INTRODUCTION TO GERMANIC LINGUISTICS

The present article investigates foreign language teacher training quality enhancement by surveying pedagogical university students’ opinions on important aspects of the course of Introduction to Germanic Linguistics within the Educational Programme for Bachelor’s Degree in Education. The prime purpose is to study the perception of the above-mentioned optional course by Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University (DIFSPU) students, with a focus on its content, organization and relevance to foreign language teacher training as well as on its professional competence formation efficiency. The complexity of the problems involved requires a combination of different methods, i.e. empirical, theoretical and statistical ones. 42 undergraduate DIFSPU students majoring in 014 “Secondary Education (English Language and Literature)” and 014 “Secondary Education (German Language and Literature)” took part in the experiment. The main survey tool was a questionnaire reflecting the parameters of assessing the course of Introduction to Germanic Linguistics. The data collected provides a solid basis for the revision of the course content, structure, organization, educational significance and efficiency, based on the direct participants’ assessments and comments. The students’ feedback reveals: 1) unanimous approval of the content and organizational principles of the discipline; 2) mixed opinions on its importance in the structure of the Educational Programme for Bachelor's Degree in Education; 3) variability of the course efficiency assessments. The data obtained allow for determining the conditions of an efficient implementation of Introduction to Germanic Linguistics into educational practice, such as prior familiarization of students with its aim and essence, emphasis on its applicability and optionality as well as its adaptation to the level and needs of future teachers. The data interpretation equally contributes to establishing the prospects of enhancing the course: 1) proportionalizing diverse types of educational activities; 2) increasing flexibility and variability in the educative process organization; 3) more efficiently interiorizing its content in terms of professional education priorities for future teachers of the English and German languages.

THE INFLUENCE OF ANIME ON THE EXISTENCE OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

The form of literary works is increasingly varied over time. In the past, one can only share their thoughts in oral form, but now, they can express their idea, thoughts, and work through visual media. One example is anime. Anime is becoming more popular among Indonesian, especially students. This article focused on anime’s influence on students’ motivation to study the Japanese language and its effects on the Indonesian language and literature existence. Questions that arise from this topic are how anime influences students’ motivation to study the Japanese language and literature, its relevance on the Indonesian language and literature existence, the effect of watching anime, and how to deal with the negative effects that might occur. This research uses an interactive qualitative method with surveys and interviews to collect the data. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables. The results of the research indicate that anime is indeed influencing students’ interest to study the Japanese language and literature which can affect the Indonesian language and literature existence, there are negative effects of watching anime, and efforts need to be done to prevent and overcome these negative impacts. Due to the pandemic, the data collection process was carried out online via Google Forms and WhatsApp. Therefore, the data obtained is not as good as the data collected face-to-face.

DIGITAL LITERACY PROMINENCE AT DIGITAL ERA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE (AXIOLOGY)

In this digital era, the urgency to learn digital literacy is very important. Digital literacy means having skills so that you can live, study, and work or thrive in society through digital platforms such as social media. Digital literacy has been used by various institutions, not only that, but everyone from students to workers should have this skill nowadays. The method used on this study is library analysis by using accumulating information, information, and statistics from numerous reliable resources associated with the subject. Google chrome helps search literature sources with the keywords “Digital Literacy”, “Digital Age”, “Philosophy”, and “Axiology”. There were 33 articles, seminars, journals, thesis, and so on. As well as one book that became used as a source of literature. Based at the studies we did, it suggests that Digital Literacy is certainly very vital on this digital era due to the fact it is simpler to apply and analyze. From the perspective of Axiology, it also shows that Digital literacy is very valuable especially that the world has been suffering from the pandemic. Other than that, digital literacy has risen in the past century. This article explores the importance of digital literacy through the perspective of philosophy values in the wave of the public eye. Here we will state an assertion from axiology perspective. In particular, this paper discusses the language and literature side in digital literacy along with some crucial roles about digital literacy. It is envisaged that the paper result may help people to understand more about literary and language importance in the digital era. The article also provides some recommendations based on literature study and previous research about digital literacy in the modern era.

The Position of Women and Violence Against them in Works of Serbian Literature

Everyday and public life, contents of newspaper headlines, films, internet contents, social networks and practically all segments of life abound in scenes and descriptions of violence. The paper presents the characters of women who are portrayed as persons subject to subordination and other forms of violence within the literary works represented in the teaching of Serbian language and literature. The structure of the paper shows the analysis of the characters of individual women from the point of view of gender equality and position in society, but also the contextualization of the work. Aspects of noticing domestic violence and subordination of women throughout history are given, in almost all epochs of Serbian literature. The role of teaching literature in the educational process is to point out to students the manifestation of different types of behavior and to prepare children to see reality in constant comparison with the theme of the work. In recent times, we are facing the problem of gender equality and the idea of gender equality is becoming more and more prominent. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the content of teaching units in creating student awareness that violence is an extremely negative trait and that every kind of such behavior should be suppressed. Through independent presentations of students based on the analysis of individual female characters, interdisciplinary competencies are developed: problem solving, communication skills, skills of cooperation and life in a democratic society.